Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159054699399
W. Liese
{"title":"International Workshop on Bamboo Industrial Utilization","authors":"W. Liese","doi":"10.1163/1569159054699399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159054699399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75541707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159054699317
B. Bhatt, K. Singh, A. Singh
The North Eastern Himalayan (NEH) region of India has a great diversity of bamboo resource and the tribal communities of the region use young succulent shoots of various bamboo species as vegetable, pickles, salad, etc., from May to September every year. Out of 25 edible bamboo species identified for the region, 11 species, i.e., Bambusa balcooa Roxb., B. nutans Wall. ex Munro, B. tulda Roxb., Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro in Trans., D. hamiltonii Nees et. Arn, D. hookerii Munro in Trans., D. longispathus Kurz, D. sikkimensis Gamble, Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz, Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. and Zucc. and Teinostachyum wightii Beddome have been found as potential species, which are sold in the markets by primary or secondary vendors in fresh, fermented, boiled or roasted form. Besides their occurrence in forests, these edible species are also cultivated in home gardens. This paper reports the nutritional values on some major edible bamboo species of the region. For different species, food energy ranged from 14.6 to 16.9 MJ/kg and ash content from 2.1 to 3.7%. For different species, crude fibre content ranged between 23.1 and 35.5%, fat between 0.6 and 1.0%, and carbohydrate between 4.5 and 5.2%. Among various species, the protein content was determined to be high in D. hamiltonii, P. bambusoides, T. wightii and B. balcooa. Young edible bamboo shoots were also found rich in macronutrients, particularly in calcium with a range of 1.2–1.9 g/100 g. The potassium content ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 g/100 g, phosphorus from 0.5 to 1.0 g/100 g and magnesium from 0.04 to 0.05 g/100 g. Edible shoots were also rich in vitamins. Among species, the ascorbic acid ranged from 3.0 to 12.9 mg/100 g, tryptophan from 0.4 to 1.7 g/16 g N and methionine from 0.3 to 0.8 g/16 g N. Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content was also available in edible shoots; however, the range varied from 0.01 to 0.02%. The study showed that Dendrocalamus spp, M. baccifera and P. bambusoides need to be included in various afforestation programmes in the region where shifting cultivation has already caused serious environmental degradation. It will serve the twin purpose of restoration of degraded lands and production of edible shoots for consumption of various ethnic groups of the region.
印度东北喜马拉雅(NEH)地区拥有丰富多样的竹子资源，每年5月至9月，该地区的部落社区使用各种竹种的多汁嫩枝作为蔬菜、泡菜、沙拉等。在该地区已查明的25种食用竹中，有11种，即竹。， b。前Munro, B. tulda roxx。译:大石菖蒲。D. hamiltonii Nees et Arn, D. hookerii Munro译。， D. longispathus Kurz, D. sikkimensis Gamble, Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.)库尔兹，竹叶竹。和调查。和Teinostachyum wightii Beddome被认为是潜在的物种，它们以新鲜、发酵、煮或烤的形式在市场上由一级或二级供应商出售。除了出现在森林中，这些可食用的物种也在家庭花园中种植。本文报道了该地区一些主要食用竹种的营养价值。不同种属食物能量为14.6 ~ 16.9 MJ/kg，灰分含量为2.1 ~ 3.7%。粗纤维含量在23.1 ~ 35.5%之间，脂肪含量在0.6 ~ 1.0%之间，碳水化合物含量在4.5 ~ 5.2%之间。在不同种类中，hamiltonii、P. bambusoides、T. wightii和B. balcooa的蛋白质含量较高。幼嫩的可食用竹笋也含有丰富的常量营养素，特别是钙含量在1.2-1.9克/100克之间。钾含量为0.02 ~ 0.03 g/100 g，磷含量为0.5 ~ 1.0 g/100 g，镁含量为0.04 ~ 0.05 g/100 g。可食用的嫩枝也富含维生素。可食枝条中抗坏血酸含量在3.0 ~ 12.9 mg/100 g之间，色氨酸含量在0.4 ~ 1.7 g/16 g N之间，蛋氨酸含量在0.3 ~ 0.8 g/16 g N之间;然而，范围从0.01到0.02%不等。该研究表明，在这种轮作已经造成严重环境退化的地区，需要将竹菖蒲、芽孢杆菌和竹菖蒲纳入各种造林计划。它将达到恢复退化土地和生产供该地区各民族消费的可食用嫩枝的双重目的。
{"title":"Nutritional values of some commercial edible bamboo species of the North Eastern Himalayan region, India","authors":"B. Bhatt, K. Singh, A. Singh","doi":"10.1163/1569159054699317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159054699317","url":null,"abstract":"The North Eastern Himalayan (NEH) region of India has a great diversity of bamboo resource and the tribal communities of the region use young succulent shoots of various bamboo species as vegetable, pickles, salad, etc., from May to September every year. Out of 25 edible bamboo species identified for the region, 11 species, i.e., Bambusa balcooa Roxb., B. nutans Wall. ex Munro, B. tulda Roxb., Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro in Trans., D. hamiltonii Nees et. Arn, D. hookerii Munro in Trans., D. longispathus Kurz, D. sikkimensis Gamble, Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz, Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. and Zucc. and Teinostachyum wightii Beddome have been found as potential species, which are sold in the markets by primary or secondary vendors in fresh, fermented, boiled or roasted form. Besides their occurrence in forests, these edible species are also cultivated in home gardens. This paper reports the nutritional values on some major edible bamboo species of the region. For different species, food energy ranged from 14.6 to 16.9 MJ/kg and ash content from 2.1 to 3.7%. For different species, crude fibre content ranged between 23.1 and 35.5%, fat between 0.6 and 1.0%, and carbohydrate between 4.5 and 5.2%. Among various species, the protein content was determined to be high in D. hamiltonii, P. bambusoides, T. wightii and B. balcooa. Young edible bamboo shoots were also found rich in macronutrients, particularly in calcium with a range of 1.2–1.9 g/100 g. The potassium content ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 g/100 g, phosphorus from 0.5 to 1.0 g/100 g and magnesium from 0.04 to 0.05 g/100 g. Edible shoots were also rich in vitamins. Among species, the ascorbic acid ranged from 3.0 to 12.9 mg/100 g, tryptophan from 0.4 to 1.7 g/16 g N and methionine from 0.3 to 0.8 g/16 g N. Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content was also available in edible shoots; however, the range varied from 0.01 to 0.02%. The study showed that Dendrocalamus spp, M. baccifera and P. bambusoides need to be included in various afforestation programmes in the region where shifting cultivation has already caused serious environmental degradation. It will serve the twin purpose of restoration of degraded lands and production of edible shoots for consumption of various ethnic groups of the region.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85966995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159054699353
A. R. Othman
A range of practical nursery methods was examined in order to obtain high survival of branch cuttings of Gigantochloa levis showing good rooting, culm/shoot and rhizome formation when field planted. Polybag branch cuttings gave the highest survival after one year in field planting although nursery beds tended to provide better growing conditions for preparing planting materials. However, use of commercial indole butyric acid (IBA) 2000 powder enhances both survival and growth of polybag cuttings and was found to be more effective than other applications of IBA. The planting of G. levis in the field showed that the polybag branch cuttings had a higher survival percentage (88.9%) than those of the bare root planting (41.7%) and the newly branch cutting planting (33.3%).
{"title":"Growth of Gigantochloa levis branch cuttings in nursery and field planting in response to indole butyric acid rooting hormone","authors":"A. R. Othman","doi":"10.1163/1569159054699353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159054699353","url":null,"abstract":"A range of practical nursery methods was examined in order to obtain high survival of branch cuttings of Gigantochloa levis showing good rooting, culm/shoot and rhizome formation when field planted. Polybag branch cuttings gave the highest survival after one year in field planting although nursery beds tended to provide better growing conditions for preparing planting materials. However, use of commercial indole butyric acid (IBA) 2000 powder enhances both survival and growth of polybag cuttings and was found to be more effective than other applications of IBA. The planting of G. levis in the field showed that the polybag branch cuttings had a higher survival percentage (88.9%) than those of the bare root planting (41.7%) and the newly branch cutting planting (33.3%).","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88767412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159054699335
R. Banik, S. Islam
Leaf production and culm growth as affected by different age groups of culms in a 10-year-old clump of Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz were studied at Chittagong, Bangladesh. The total above ground biomass, bud break, branching pattern, leaf number and area produced by each age group of culms were investigated. The progressive increment of biomass-related morphometric parameters correlated optimally with the age of the clump. As the clumps become aged, the culms emerged in subsequent years were gradually taller with bigger diameter and more internodes. Leaf growth and defoliation are a dynamic process where leaf growth started in the first year of culm emergence but there is no defoliation. In 18–21-month-old culms the number and area of leaf, and biomass of branches, leaves and culm were highest; defoliation started at the end of the rainy season and continued in the winter dry season. In the third and fourth years leaf production and growth were getting low, but in the fifth and sixth years these sharply declined and ultimately the culm died. Thus harvesting of culm within 3 to 4 years of age could be an ideal management practice in the species.
{"title":"Leaf dynamics and above ground biomass growth in Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz","authors":"R. Banik, S. Islam","doi":"10.1163/1569159054699335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159054699335","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf production and culm growth as affected by different age groups of culms in a 10-year-old clump of Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz were studied at Chittagong, Bangladesh. The total above ground biomass, bud break, branching pattern, leaf number and area produced by each age group of culms were investigated. The progressive increment of biomass-related morphometric parameters correlated optimally with the age of the clump. As the clumps become aged, the culms emerged in subsequent years were gradually taller with bigger diameter and more internodes. Leaf growth and defoliation are a dynamic process where leaf growth started in the first year of culm emergence but there is no defoliation. In 18–21-month-old culms the number and area of leaf, and biomass of branches, leaves and culm were highest; defoliation started at the end of the rainy season and continued in the winter dry season. In the third and fourth years leaf production and growth were getting low, but in the fifth and sixth years these sharply declined and ultimately the culm died. Thus harvesting of culm within 3 to 4 years of age could be an ideal management practice in the species.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77730458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159054699308
A. Olorunnisola
Laboratory-type 50-mm-thick cement-bonded particleboards were made from particles derived from rattan cane (Laccosperma secundiflorum) at three rattan to cement weight ratios (10:90, 15:85, 20:80), and two particle sizes (those retained on a 600 μm sieve and a 50:50 mixture of particles retained on 850 μm and 1.2 mm sieves). After board manufacture, which excluded pressing, ASTM test procedures were employed to obtain the water resistance properties, i.e., water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS). Mean WA (after 2 and 24 h of immersion in cold water) ranged between 2.2 and 25.1%, and 3.8 and 28.6%, respectively. The corresponding mean TS values were 0.2 and 1.4%, and 0.6 and 1.7%, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that the rattan/cement mixing ratio, rattan particle size and the interaction of both variables had a significant effect on water absorption, but no significant effect on thickness swelling of the boards. Smaller rattan particle size (600 μm) and lower rattan content (10%) provided a better performance, in terms of water absorption. Also, while highly significant (P < 0.05) simple linear relationships were observed between water absorption and thickness swelling at 2 and 24 h, and between water absorption and board density, the relationship between thickness swelling and board density was not significantly correlated. The relatively low water absorption capacity of the boards suggests that they can be employed in outdoor situations, while the relatively low TS values show that the experimental boards were dimensionally stable.
{"title":"Dimensional stability of cement-bonded composite boards made from rattan cane particles","authors":"A. Olorunnisola","doi":"10.1163/1569159054699308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159054699308","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory-type 50-mm-thick cement-bonded particleboards were made from particles derived from rattan cane (Laccosperma secundiflorum) at three rattan to cement weight ratios (10:90, 15:85, 20:80), and two particle sizes (those retained on a 600 μm sieve and a 50:50 mixture of particles retained on 850 μm and 1.2 mm sieves). After board manufacture, which excluded pressing, ASTM test procedures were employed to obtain the water resistance properties, i.e., water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS). Mean WA (after 2 and 24 h of immersion in cold water) ranged between 2.2 and 25.1%, and 3.8 and 28.6%, respectively. The corresponding mean TS values were 0.2 and 1.4%, and 0.6 and 1.7%, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that the rattan/cement mixing ratio, rattan particle size and the interaction of both variables had a significant effect on water absorption, but no significant effect on thickness swelling of the boards. Smaller rattan particle size (600 μm) and lower rattan content (10%) provided a better performance, in terms of water absorption. Also, while highly significant (P < 0.05) simple linear relationships were observed between water absorption and thickness swelling at 2 and 24 h, and between water absorption and board density, the relationship between thickness swelling and board density was not significantly correlated. The relatively low water absorption capacity of the boards suggests that they can be employed in outdoor situations, while the relatively low TS values show that the experimental boards were dimensionally stable.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76102626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159054699371
E. Ebanyenle, A. Oteng-Amoako
Selected anatomical and physical properties of stems of Calamus deeratus, Eremospatha dransfieldii, Eremospatha macrocarpa, Laccosperma acutiflorum and Laccosperma secundiflorum in the natural forest of Ghana were investigated to aid in understanding their quality and to promote their efficient utilization. Fibre lumen diameter, double fibre wall thickness (fibre diameter minus fibre lumen diameter) and proportion of fibres exhibited a more definite pattern of variations within and between all the five species than other anatomical properties. Generally, proportion of fibre and double fibre wall thickness decreased, whereas fibre lumen diameter increased from base to top internodes. Initial moisture content increased consistently from base to top internodes whilst relative density decreased in the same direction. Simple regression analysis of physical properties on anatomical properties revealed that fibre lumen diameter, double fibre wall thickness and proportion of fibre are important parameters likely to influence initial moisture content and relative density along the stems and between all species investigated. Stem quality of all five species is also discussed.
{"title":"Variation in some anatomical and physical properties of stems of five rattan palm species of Ghana","authors":"E. Ebanyenle, A. Oteng-Amoako","doi":"10.1163/1569159054699371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159054699371","url":null,"abstract":"Selected anatomical and physical properties of stems of Calamus deeratus, Eremospatha dransfieldii, Eremospatha macrocarpa, Laccosperma acutiflorum and Laccosperma secundiflorum in the natural forest of Ghana were investigated to aid in understanding their quality and to promote their efficient utilization. Fibre lumen diameter, double fibre wall thickness (fibre diameter minus fibre lumen diameter) and proportion of fibres exhibited a more definite pattern of variations within and between all the five species than other anatomical properties. Generally, proportion of fibre and double fibre wall thickness decreased, whereas fibre lumen diameter increased from base to top internodes. Initial moisture content increased consistently from base to top internodes whilst relative density decreased in the same direction. Simple regression analysis of physical properties on anatomical properties revealed that fibre lumen diameter, double fibre wall thickness and proportion of fibre are important parameters likely to influence initial moisture content and relative density along the stems and between all species investigated. Stem quality of all five species is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89292455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159053444644
K. Arunachalam, K. Upadhyaya, A. Arunachalam
Litter decay and nutrient release rates of leaf and leaf sheath litters of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. and B. pallida Munro were determined using the litter-bag technique in a 9-year-old jhum fallow in the humid tropics of north east India. C concentration was highest in leaf and leaf sheath litters of B. pallida, while N and lignin concentrations were greater in B. balcooa litter. Both leaf and scale leaf litters of B. balcooa and B. pallida showed similar decomposition patterns. The daily decay constants did not differ significantly between the two litter types and among bamboo species studied. Nonetheless, mass-loss rates during decomposition of the leaf and leaf sheath litters of both the species showed positive correlations with incubation period (the time after burying the samples in the soil). In general, until 120 days of incubation, there was N immobilization and later during the study period rapid release occurred. The release of N from B. pallida is greater than B. balcooa as per KN values. P was initially being immobilized followed by a gradual release after 120 days of litter decomposition in B. balcooa. In B. pallida, no definite pattern was observed. The rate of weight loss and N release showed significant positive relationships with lignin and N concentrations and lignin/N, C/P and N/P ratios, and negative relationships with C and P concentrations and C/N ratio. However, release rates of P did not show significant correlations with most chemical compositions of the litter except with initial P concentration, C/P ratio and lignin/N.
{"title":"Foliage decomposition and nutrient release dynamics of Bambusa balcooa and Bambusa pallida in a 9-year-old jhum fallow","authors":"K. Arunachalam, K. Upadhyaya, A. Arunachalam","doi":"10.1163/1569159053444644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159053444644","url":null,"abstract":"Litter decay and nutrient release rates of leaf and leaf sheath litters of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. and B. pallida Munro were determined using the litter-bag technique in a 9-year-old jhum fallow in the humid tropics of north east India. C concentration was highest in leaf and leaf sheath litters of B. pallida, while N and lignin concentrations were greater in B. balcooa litter. Both leaf and scale leaf litters of B. balcooa and B. pallida showed similar decomposition patterns. The daily decay constants did not differ significantly between the two litter types and among bamboo species studied. Nonetheless, mass-loss rates during decomposition of the leaf and leaf sheath litters of both the species showed positive correlations with incubation period (the time after burying the samples in the soil). In general, until 120 days of incubation, there was N immobilization and later during the study period rapid release occurred. The release of N from B. pallida is greater than B. balcooa as per KN values. P was initially being immobilized followed by a gradual release after 120 days of litter decomposition in B. balcooa. In B. pallida, no definite pattern was observed. The rate of weight loss and N release showed significant positive relationships with lignin and N concentrations and lignin/N, C/P and N/P ratios, and negative relationships with C and P concentrations and C/N ratio. However, release rates of P did not show significant correlations with most chemical compositions of the litter except with initial P concentration, C/P ratio and lignin/N.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78470485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159053444671
B. G. Sosola-Banda, F. Johnsen
The bamboo enterprises involving handicraft making and culm vending in Mvera, Dowa district, Malawi were studied from October to December 2003. The aims of the research were to find out the contribution of bamboo enterprises to household income and the management practices of the bamboo handicraft makers and bamboo collectors, and the activities of stakeholders in the bamboo industries in Mvera. Eighteen respondents were randomly selected from the bamboo culm vending community for questionnaire survey and stratified random sampling was used to select 74 respondents from bamboo handicraft making villages. Focus groups discussions on issues of bamboo enterprises were conducted in each of the five villages selected. Perceived stakeholders were consulted to examine their roles in bamboo enterprises. It was found that an average bamboo handicraft maker used 681 bamboo culms per year and an average bamboo culm vendor cut 1146 culms per year. It was also found that an average bamboo handicraft maker obtained MK 20 684 (US$ 190) per year from the cash sales of assorted handicrafts and an average bamboo culm vendor obtained MK 10 833 (US$ 100) per year from bamboo culm cash sales. An average bamboo entrepreneur obtained MK 3251 (US$ 30) from farm cash sales. However, the average bamboo entrepreneur consumed an amount of their own farm produce worth MK 26 679 (US$ 247), which was about 1.5 times as much as average bamboo income of MK 18 417 (US$ 170). All respondents indicated that the income from bamboo enterprise was mainly for household petty cash, i.e., hand-to-mouth consumption. No significant bamboo management practices were carried out by the entrepreneurs. Bamboos were naturally growing in Thuma Forest Reserve, where most of the bamboos were collected. A few stakeholders in bamboo enterprise and resource management were merely involved in actual promotion of bamboo handicraft industry and actual bamboo management by their policies and interventions.
{"title":"Rural livelihoods on bamboo handicraft making and culm vending in Mvera, Malawi","authors":"B. G. Sosola-Banda, F. Johnsen","doi":"10.1163/1569159053444671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159053444671","url":null,"abstract":"The bamboo enterprises involving handicraft making and culm vending in Mvera, Dowa district, Malawi were studied from October to December 2003. The aims of the research were to find out the contribution of bamboo enterprises to household income and the management practices of the bamboo handicraft makers and bamboo collectors, and the activities of stakeholders in the bamboo industries in Mvera. Eighteen respondents were randomly selected from the bamboo culm vending community for questionnaire survey and stratified random sampling was used to select 74 respondents from bamboo handicraft making villages. Focus groups discussions on issues of bamboo enterprises were conducted in each of the five villages selected. Perceived stakeholders were consulted to examine their roles in bamboo enterprises. It was found that an average bamboo handicraft maker used 681 bamboo culms per year and an average bamboo culm vendor cut 1146 culms per year. It was also found that an average bamboo handicraft maker obtained MK 20 684 (US$ 190) per year from the cash sales of assorted handicrafts and an average bamboo culm vendor obtained MK 10 833 (US$ 100) per year from bamboo culm cash sales. An average bamboo entrepreneur obtained MK 3251 (US$ 30) from farm cash sales. However, the average bamboo entrepreneur consumed an amount of their own farm produce worth MK 26 679 (US$ 247), which was about 1.5 times as much as average bamboo income of MK 18 417 (US$ 170). All respondents indicated that the income from bamboo enterprise was mainly for household petty cash, i.e., hand-to-mouth consumption. No significant bamboo management practices were carried out by the entrepreneurs. Bamboos were naturally growing in Thuma Forest Reserve, where most of the bamboos were collected. A few stakeholders in bamboo enterprise and resource management were merely involved in actual promotion of bamboo handicraft industry and actual bamboo management by their policies and interventions.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91052000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159053444680
B. N. Oli
With a view to prepare biomass tables of Bambusa tulda grown at Belbari, Morang district of Eastern Nepal, a total of 153 culms was selected from 59 clumps. Measurements of diameter at 15 cm of the base (D15), vertical height of the culm, green weight of the culm, branches and foliage were taken in the field. The samples were oven dried in laboratory at Kathmandu. To estimate the biomass, a regression model was developed on the basis of oven dry and green weight. The model used was W = a + b × (D2 L). Based on the oven dry weight, the R2 values were obtained for culm, branch and foliage components, which were 92, 81 and 83%, respectively. Similarly, R2 values for culm and foliage components on the basis of green weight were 92 and 82%, respectively. The R2 values obtained for branch and foliage components were slightly lower as compared to the culm. This equation could be useful in estimating bamboo biomass of managed natural stands or plantations in similar site conditions.
为了编制在尼泊尔东部莫朗地区Belbari种植的竹的生物量表，从59个丛中共选择了153根茎。田间测量基部直径15cm处(D15)、茎秆垂直高度、茎秆鲜重、枝条和叶片。样品在加德满都实验室烘箱干燥。为了估算生物量，建立了基于干重和鲜重的回归模型。采用W = a + b × (D2 L)模型，根据烤炉干重，分别得到茎、枝、叶成分的R2值，分别为92、81和83%。以绿重为基础的茎和叶成分R2值分别为92和82%。枝条和叶片组分的R2值略低于茎。该公式可用于估算在类似立地条件下经管理的自然林分或人工林的竹材生物量。
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