Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr022103
Sharma S, Wait A. D.
Arundinaria gigantea is a native species to 22 states in the U.S. The species and its ecosystem are considered critically endangered, and the species has been reduced to 2% of its original extent. Our research goals were to; 1) examine methods for greenhouse propagation for restoration; 2) examine the physiology of cane at one of the only canebrakes on public land in SW MO, greenhouse propagated cane, and field planted cane; and 3) develop an allometric equation to estimate biomass of the canebrake. We used the number of shoots produced as a metric for propagation success. The number of new shoots depended on rhizome length, watering regime, and whether propagation was attempted with the rhizome alone or with an existing culm. We recorded 100% propagation success from every rhizome with culm cut at 2nd internode with regular watering on 8 x 15.6-inch pots having soil-mix/perlite media. Leaf chlorophyll values ranged from 329 umol/m2 in sun leaves to 354 umol/m2 in shade leaves in October 2022. During a mild drought summer 2022, leaves-maintained water potential of -1.8 MPa with photosynthetic rates as high as 12 umol CO2/m2/s. Biomass models based on pole diameter and height were established. We estimated 12,359.508 kg of biomass which is equivalent to 5.8 metric tons of carbon stored by a 0.17 ha canebrake at Mincy Conservation Area in SW MO. Our research provides baseline data for understanding the role of cane and canebrakes in ecosystem functioning in existing canebrakes, and habitats where cane could be restored.
{"title":"Propagation, physiology, and biomass of Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) for conservation and restoration","authors":"Sharma S, Wait A. D.","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr022103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr022103","url":null,"abstract":"Arundinaria gigantea is a native species to 22 states in the U.S. The species and its ecosystem are considered critically endangered, and the species has been reduced to 2% of its original extent. Our research goals were to; 1) examine methods for greenhouse propagation for restoration; 2) examine the physiology of cane at one of the only canebrakes on public land in SW MO, greenhouse propagated cane, and field planted cane; and 3) develop an allometric equation to estimate biomass of the canebrake. We used the number of shoots produced as a metric for propagation success. The number of new shoots depended on rhizome length, watering regime, and whether propagation was attempted with the rhizome alone or with an existing culm. We recorded 100% propagation success from every rhizome with culm cut at 2nd internode with regular watering on 8 x 15.6-inch pots having soil-mix/perlite media. Leaf chlorophyll values ranged from 329 umol/m2 in sun leaves to 354 umol/m2 in shade leaves in October 2022. During a mild drought summer 2022, leaves-maintained water potential of -1.8 MPa with photosynthetic rates as high as 12 umol CO2/m2/s. Biomass models based on pole diameter and height were established. We estimated 12,359.508 kg of biomass which is equivalent to 5.8 metric tons of carbon stored by a 0.17 ha canebrake at Mincy Conservation Area in SW MO. Our research provides baseline data for understanding the role of cane and canebrakes in ecosystem functioning in existing canebrakes, and habitats where cane could be restored.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr022101
Singha L. B., Tripathi O. P., Dilip S., Premkumar K, Lulloo P.
Bamboo shoot is well known for the high nutritive values it possesses. People in Northeastern India, the majority of which are tribal and lives in rural area consume bamboo shoot extensively without knowing its benefits and demerits. The present study was undertaken in Arunachal Pradesh, India considering the possible threats it may pose to the people of the region in particular by estimating the anti-nutritional elements such as Phytic acid and Trypsin inhibitor from bamboo shoots of seven species and its three processed forms that are widely consume. Phytic acid content was observed within a range of 0.81 to 0.31 Pmg/100g and 0.75 to 0.38 Pmg/100g in bamboo shoots and processed products respectively whereas trypsin inhibitor in tender shoots of all the seven species (0.53-0.24 TIU mg/protein) and processed products (0.37-0.19 TIU mg/protein) was also recorded. Similarly, there were also significant variations in phytic acid (F=41.509, P<0.001) and trypsin inhibitor (F=16.631, P< 0.001) concentration between the fresh shoots and processed forms. The amount of antinutrients estimated from these samples are considerably less and far from any harm.
众所周知，竹笋具有很高的营养价值。印度东北部的大部分人是部落居民，生活在农村地区，他们大量食用竹笋，却不知道它的好处和坏处。本研究是在印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦进行的，考虑到竹笋可能对该地区的人们造成的威胁，研究人员对广泛食用的七种竹笋及其三种加工形式中的抗营养元素（如植酸和胰蛋白酶抑制剂）进行了评估。观察发现，竹笋和加工产品中的植酸含量范围分别为 0.81 至 0.31 微克/100 克和 0.75 至 0.38 微克/100 克，而所有七个品种的嫩笋（0.53-0.24 TIU 毫克/蛋白质）和加工产品（0.37-0.19 TIU 毫克/蛋白质）中的胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量也有记录。同样，植酸（F=41.509，P<0.001）和胰蛋白酶抑制物（F=16.631，P<0.001）的浓度在鲜笋和加工品之间也存在显著差异。从这些样品中估算出的抗营养素含量要少得多，而且不会造成任何危害。
{"title":"Estimation of lesser known anti-nutrients; Phytic acid and Trypsin inhibitor from the edible bamboo shoots and their processed products of Arunachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Singha L. B., Tripathi O. P., Dilip S., Premkumar K, Lulloo P.","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr022101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr022101","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo shoot is well known for the high nutritive values it possesses. People in Northeastern India, the majority of which are tribal and lives in rural area consume bamboo shoot extensively without knowing its benefits and demerits. The present study was undertaken in Arunachal Pradesh, India considering the possible threats it may pose to the people of the region in particular by estimating the anti-nutritional elements such as Phytic acid and Trypsin inhibitor from bamboo shoots of seven species and its three processed forms that are widely consume. Phytic acid content was observed within a range of 0.81 to 0.31 Pmg/100g and 0.75 to 0.38 Pmg/100g in bamboo shoots and processed products respectively whereas trypsin inhibitor in tender shoots of all the seven species (0.53-0.24 TIU mg/protein) and processed products (0.37-0.19 TIU mg/protein) was also recorded. Similarly, there were also significant variations in phytic acid (F=41.509, P<0.001) and trypsin inhibitor (F=16.631, P< 0.001) concentration between the fresh shoots and processed forms. The amount of antinutrients estimated from these samples are considerably less and far from any harm.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr022102
Sooksawat N, Kruapoo P, Koodsamrong R., Keawcharoon C, Narkpiban K
Bamboo (Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro) is fast-growth plant with abundant biomass for conversion to fuel and various uses, including insulation and electronic applications. Bamboo charcoal produced in a low-cost furnace was separated into bamboo coal with electrical conductivity (bamboo coal 1) and without electrical con-ductivity (bamboo coal 2), subjected to proximate analysis and evaluation of adsorption and fuel properties. In addition, structural properties were studied based on surface area analysis using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Of the two bamboo coal types, bamboo coal 1 with electrical conductivity had better adsorptive properties, such as a greater iodine number value (240 mg g-1), while the BET and the BJH methods showed that the surface area was 36.653 m² g-1 with a pore volume of 0.052 cm3 g-1 and a pore size of 15.292 Å. In addition, it was better for use as a deodorant and as a solid fuel for cooking with a longer total burning time (81 min). Bamboo coal 2 had lower moisture (5.75%), and ash (6.56%) contents, with a higher heating value (6913 kcal kg-1), indicating that bamboo coal 2 was good for deodorant usage and could have potential for development as an insulator with a hydrophobic and fire-retardant coating material. Bamboo coal 1 had a graphite crystalline structure and could have potential with additional further graphene development for electronic uses.
{"title":"Characterization and property evaluation of low-cost electrically conductive bamboo charcoal from Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro.","authors":"Sooksawat N, Kruapoo P, Koodsamrong R., Keawcharoon C, Narkpiban K","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr022102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr022102","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo (Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro) is fast-growth plant with abundant biomass for conversion to fuel and various uses, including insulation and electronic applications. Bamboo charcoal produced in a low-cost furnace was separated into bamboo coal with electrical conductivity (bamboo coal 1) and without electrical con-ductivity (bamboo coal 2), subjected to proximate analysis and evaluation of adsorption and fuel properties. In addition, structural properties were studied based on surface area analysis using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Of the two bamboo coal types, bamboo coal 1 with electrical conductivity had better adsorptive properties, such as a greater iodine number value (240 mg g-1), while the BET and the BJH methods showed that the surface area was 36.653 m² g-1 with a pore volume of 0.052 cm3 g-1 and a pore size of 15.292 Å. In addition, it was better for use as a deodorant and as a solid fuel for cooking with a longer total burning time (81 min). Bamboo coal 2 had lower moisture (5.75%), and ash (6.56%) contents, with a higher heating value (6913 kcal kg-1), indicating that bamboo coal 2 was good for deodorant usage and could have potential for development as an insulator with a hydrophobic and fire-retardant coating material. Bamboo coal 1 had a graphite crystalline structure and could have potential with additional further graphene development for electronic uses.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140497967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr021403
Susanth C.S, Viswanath S, .. V. Singh Katiyar
Design is a key component for bamboo sector development in India. Last two decades various designers had explored the potential possibilities of using solid bamboo species from India for making furniture. Dendro-calamus stocksii, Thyrsostachys oliveri and Dendro-calamus strictus are some of the commonly used bamboo species found in India, which are solid in most of the cases. These three are growing in various regions in India, cultivated by farmers and is available in good quantities. Looking at the market potential, we have explored the design application of these species, especially for making furniture. In the process of designing and experimenting, we have developed possibilities of material standardization, various standard formats of joints, standard process of making, finishing combination with other material etc. which can create wide range of furniture. This approach can help in bringing the quality of standard and sustainability aspect looking at the market potentially. This process can be followed by both industrial and semi-industrial furniture manufacturing sectors in the country. Also this can build an identity for the Indian bamboo furniture compared to other industrial process using bamboo composites by other countries. This approach can change the bamboo furniture making scenario in India and can establish a good economic model ‘from plantation to the consumers.
{"title":"Possibilities of standardizing solid bamboo furniture making in India.","authors":"Susanth C.S, Viswanath S, .. V. Singh Katiyar","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr021403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021403","url":null,"abstract":"Design is a key component for bamboo sector development in India. Last two decades various designers had explored the potential possibilities of using solid bamboo species from India for making furniture. Dendro-calamus stocksii, Thyrsostachys oliveri and Dendro-calamus strictus are some of the commonly used bamboo species found in India, which are solid in most of the cases. These three are growing in various regions in India, cultivated by farmers and is available in good quantities. Looking at the market potential, we have explored the design application of these species, especially for making furniture. In the process of designing and experimenting, we have developed possibilities of material standardization, various standard formats of joints, standard process of making, finishing combination with other material etc. which can create wide range of furniture. This approach can help in bringing the quality of standard and sustainability aspect looking at the market potentially. This process can be followed by both industrial and semi-industrial furniture manufacturing sectors in the country. Also this can build an identity for the Indian bamboo furniture compared to other industrial process using bamboo composites by other countries. This approach can change the bamboo furniture making scenario in India and can establish a good economic model ‘from plantation to the consumers.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82302141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr021401
Muhsina Moosa, Antony C. P, Amruth M, S. V. B, S. Viswanath
Pseudoxytenanthera ritchiei (Munro) H. B. Naithani is a unique bamboo species with fully solid culms. This bamboo species is endemic to the Peninsular India and has a scattered distribution in the forest ecosystems of Kerala. In Kerala, the species was abundantly found in Nilambur and Mannarkad forests and had high demand in the market. However, unsustainable harvesting over a significant period resulted in resource depletion from these forests (Kumar et al., 2009). Though P. ritchiei shares many characteristics which make Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii a commercially important bamboo species, the former is not listed as a priority species by the National Bamboo Mission while the latter is included in the list. Moreover, the potential of P. ritchiei remains untapped in Kerala, primarily due to a lack of information on its distribution and availability, and secondly due to a lack of supply of sufficient quantity for commercial use. These are clumping bamboo and do not require much space, making them suitable for home gardens and as a border crop in fields. Hence, we argue that there is a good justification for this species to be given preference and large-scale cultivation to be encouraged outside forest areas after having developed appropriate methods for quality stock production. Steps must also be taken to ensure the conservation of the species in its natural habitat to prevent the loss of the wild and diverse genotypes which at present lack sufficient documentation. This review features information gleaned from available literature on this less-studied species, and its potential for utilization. The currently available information relating to distribution, propagation, floral morphology, flowering history, eco-system services etc. is also highlighted.
伪竹(Pseudoxytenanthera ritchiei, Munro) H. B. Naithani是一种具有全实心茎的独特竹种。这种竹子是印度半岛特有的，在喀拉拉邦的森林生态系统中分布分散。在喀拉拉邦，该物种在Nilambur和Mannarkad森林中大量发现，市场需求量很大。然而，在相当长的一段时间内，不可持续的采伐导致这些森林的资源枯竭(Kumar et al.， 2009)。虽然ritcheii具有使Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii成为重要商业竹种的许多特征，但前者未被国家竹子任务列为重点物种，而后者被列入名单。此外，在喀拉拉邦，P. ritchiei的潜力仍未开发，主要是由于缺乏关于其分布和可用性的信息，其次是由于缺乏足够数量的商业用途供应。这些竹子是丛生的，不需要太多的空间，使它们适合家庭花园和作为农田的边缘作物。因此，我们认为有充分的理由优先考虑该物种，并在开发出适当的优质库存生产方法后，鼓励在森林地区以外进行大规模栽培。还必须采取步骤，确保该物种在其自然栖息地得到保护，以防止目前缺乏充分文件的野生和多样化基因型的丧失。本文综述了从现有文献中收集到的关于这一研究较少的物种的信息，以及它的利用潜力。重点介绍了其分布、繁殖、花形态、开花历史、生态系统服务等方面的信息。
{"title":"A review of the current state of knowledge on Pseudoxytenanthera ritchiei- a lesser known bamboo species with high utilization potential from Peninsular India","authors":"Muhsina Moosa, Antony C. P, Amruth M, S. V. B, S. Viswanath","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr021401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021401","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudoxytenanthera ritchiei (Munro) H. B. Naithani is a unique bamboo species with fully solid culms. This bamboo species is endemic to the Peninsular India and has a scattered distribution in the forest ecosystems of Kerala. In Kerala, the species was abundantly found in Nilambur and Mannarkad forests and had high demand in the market. However, unsustainable harvesting over a significant period resulted in resource depletion from these forests (Kumar et al., 2009). Though P. ritchiei shares many characteristics which make Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii a commercially important bamboo species, the former is not listed as a priority species by the National Bamboo Mission while the latter is included in the list. Moreover, the potential of P. ritchiei remains untapped in Kerala, primarily due to a lack of information on its distribution and availability, and secondly due to a lack of supply of sufficient quantity for commercial use. These are clumping bamboo and do not require much space, making them suitable for home gardens and as a border crop in fields. Hence, we argue that there is a good justification for this species to be given preference and large-scale cultivation to be encouraged outside forest areas after having developed appropriate methods for quality stock production. Steps must also be taken to ensure the conservation of the species in its natural habitat to prevent the loss of the wild and diverse genotypes which at present lack sufficient documentation. This review features information gleaned from available literature on this less-studied species, and its potential for utilization. The currently available information relating to distribution, propagation, floral morphology, flowering history, eco-system services etc. is also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77070976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr021402
Lubina P, Sandeep S, Anil Kumar K.S, S. Viswanath
The study was undertaken to understand litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient release pattern of popularly grown bamboo species, Dendrocalamus stocksii, in the moist semi-arid agro-climatic zone of Karnataka, India. The litter production and decomposition were studied using the standard litter trap and bag techniques. The total annual litter production in 2017 was 6.03 Mg ha-1 year-1 for Gottipura and 5.81 t ha-1 year-1 for Nallal. Litter production was continuous, but the quantity of litter produced varied with season and month. Nutrient concentrations in monthly litter samples varied. Peak litter fall was concentrated during the hot-dry period (February-May) as 62.8 per cent at Gottipura and 52.2 per cent at Nallal site. The collected litter from the litter traps was dominated by leaf litter. Litter production followed a similar pattern for both locations, with a major peak in March 2017, it was found that both types of litter and filter paper had an initial rapid phase of decomposition followed by a slower phase. The increase in percentage nutrient content in litter samples found in litter bags collected month-wise have been attributed to the high temperature and increased rates of mineralization assisted by soil microbes over the low immobilization rate.
本研究旨在了解印度卡纳塔克邦湿润半干旱农业气气带常种竹(Dendrocalamus stocksii)的凋落物、凋落物分解和养分释放模式。采用标准凋落物捕集器和袋法研究了凋落物的产生和分解。2017年戈提普拉和纳拉尔的年凋落物产生量分别为6.03 Mg ha-1和5.81 t ha-1。凋落物产量连续，但凋落物数量随季节和月份的变化而变化。每月凋落物样本中的营养物质浓度各不相同。枯落物高峰集中在干热期(2 - 5月)，戈提普拉和纳拉尔的凋落物高峰分别为62.8%和52.2%。凋落物捕集器收集的凋落物以落叶为主。两个地点的凋落物产生模式相似，在2017年3月达到高峰，发现两种类型的凋落物和滤纸都有一个最初的快速分解阶段，然后是一个较慢的阶段。每月收集的凋落物袋中发现的凋落物样品中营养成分百分比含量的增加归因于高温和土壤微生物辅助的矿化率高于低固定化率。
{"title":"Litter dynamics and nutrient flux in endemic bamboo species Dendrocalamus stocksii plantations in moist semi-arid zones of peninsular India","authors":"Lubina P, Sandeep S, Anil Kumar K.S, S. Viswanath","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr021402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021402","url":null,"abstract":"The study was undertaken to understand litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient release pattern of popularly grown bamboo species, Dendrocalamus stocksii, in the moist semi-arid agro-climatic zone of Karnataka, India. The litter production and decomposition were studied using the standard litter trap and bag techniques. The total annual litter production in 2017 was 6.03 Mg ha-1 year-1 for Gottipura and 5.81 t ha-1 year-1 for Nallal. Litter production was continuous, but the quantity of litter produced varied with season and month. Nutrient concentrations in monthly litter samples varied. Peak litter fall was concentrated during the hot-dry period (February-May) as 62.8 per cent at Gottipura and 52.2 per cent at Nallal site. The collected litter from the litter traps was dominated by leaf litter. Litter production followed a similar pattern for both locations, with a major peak in March 2017, it was found that both types of litter and filter paper had an initial rapid phase of decomposition followed by a slower phase. The increase in percentage nutrient content in litter samples found in litter bags collected month-wise have been attributed to the high temperature and increased rates of mineralization assisted by soil microbes over the low immobilization rate.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78264250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr021404
Anandu R, S. V. B, Akhato Sumi, Annie Biju
Bamboos are treated to boost their shelf life from the degrading activity of fungal microbes and other insects and to increase their longevity in use and durability by using various chemicals. The present study is vis-a-vis the standardization of two bamboo species Dendrocalamus strictus and Thyrostachys siamensis for a comparative analysis of the mechanical and anatomical properties of samples treated with CCB (Copper Chrome Boron), and BBA (Borax Boric Acid) as well as untreated samples.Samples were tested for both bending and compression; and the parameters such as MOE (Modulus of Elasticity), MOI (Moment of Inertia), Maximum compressive strength, and ultimate strength were analyzed. The anatomical variations arising in the top and bottom sections were also investigated and it has found that the mechanical properties of the species treated with CCB solutions yield a better result in maximum compressive strength and high value of MOI as compared to BBA whereas the samples treated with BBA provides superior performance with respect to MOE. Anatomical examination revealed that the cellular structure and arrangement of vascular bundles are responsible for the increase in time taken for the rate of penetration of chemicals in D.strictus i.e one-half hour as compared to T.siamensis which got treated in 20 minutes. In D.strictus the density of vascular bundles is high so it takes time to get it treated completely as compared to T. siamensis.
{"title":"Analysis of mechanical and anatomical properties of two bamboo species – Thyrostachys siamensis Gamble and Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (Poaceae)","authors":"Anandu R, S. V. B, Akhato Sumi, Annie Biju","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr021404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021404","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboos are treated to boost their shelf life from the degrading activity of fungal microbes and other insects and to increase their longevity in use and durability by using various chemicals. The present study is vis-a-vis the standardization of two bamboo species Dendrocalamus strictus and Thyrostachys siamensis for a comparative analysis of the mechanical and anatomical properties of samples treated with CCB (Copper Chrome Boron), and BBA (Borax Boric Acid) as well as untreated samples.Samples were tested for both bending and compression; and the parameters such as MOE (Modulus of Elasticity), MOI (Moment of Inertia), Maximum compressive strength, and ultimate strength were analyzed. The anatomical variations arising in the top and bottom sections were also investigated and it has found that the mechanical properties of the species treated with CCB solutions yield a better result in maximum compressive strength and high value of MOI as compared to BBA whereas the samples treated with BBA provides superior performance with respect to MOE. Anatomical examination revealed that the cellular structure and arrangement of vascular bundles are responsible for the increase in time taken for the rate of penetration of chemicals in D.strictus i.e one-half hour as compared to T.siamensis which got treated in 20 minutes. In D.strictus the density of vascular bundles is high so it takes time to get it treated completely as compared to T. siamensis.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81624724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr021302
Y. Mulatu, B. Kidane, A. Anjulo, S. Reza, S. Mulat, M. Abere, A. Getahun, U. Teshome
In view of broadening the genetic base of bamboo resources and looking for alternative bamboo species that can grow in mid altitude areas where indigenous species are not growing in Ethiopia, different introduced bamboo species were tested for their adaptability and growth performance in different areas across the country. Data on ecological and climatic conditions of testing sites and corresponding growth in terms of diameter, height and density of the species were assessed; growth in Ethiopia was compared with growth of the species in their place of origin, i.e. South, Southeast and Tropical Asia. Accordingly, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus giganteus were found to have similar diameter and height growth while Dendrocalamus membranaceus showed lower values in Ethiopia when compared to growth in its origin. The species-site matching effort of the species within Ethiopia in this regard, is conducted based on similarity in altitude and climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature) of experimental sites to other sites across the country. All the species, except B. bambos, perform well in Oromia, Amhara, SNNP and Tigray regions. All species, except D. gigantues. B. balcoa and B.bambos performed well in Benishangul-Gumuz region. Research on adaptability study needs to be extended in other regions of Ethiopia.
{"title":"Species-Site Suitability Matching Study of Introduced Bamboos in Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Mulatu, B. Kidane, A. Anjulo, S. Reza, S. Mulat, M. Abere, A. Getahun, U. Teshome","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr021302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021302","url":null,"abstract":"In view of broadening the genetic base of bamboo resources and looking for alternative bamboo species that can grow in mid altitude areas where indigenous species are not growing in Ethiopia, different introduced bamboo species were tested for their adaptability and growth performance in different areas across the country. Data on ecological and climatic conditions of testing sites and corresponding growth in terms of diameter, height and density of the species were assessed; growth in Ethiopia was compared with growth of the species in their place of origin, i.e. South, Southeast and Tropical Asia. Accordingly, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus giganteus were found to have similar diameter and height growth while Dendrocalamus membranaceus showed lower values in Ethiopia when compared to growth in its origin. The species-site matching effort of the species within Ethiopia in this regard, is conducted based on similarity in altitude and climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature) of experimental sites to other sites across the country. All the species, except B. bambos, perform well in Oromia, Amhara, SNNP and Tigray regions. All species, except D. gigantues. B. balcoa and B.bambos performed well in Benishangul-Gumuz region. Research on adaptability study needs to be extended in other regions of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73223646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr021301333
Brexidis Mandila, Timothy W. Namaswa
Communities in dryland areas of West Pokot in Kenya rely on fragile degraded ecosystems that have led to famines, low productivity and income. Although cultivating bamboo provides solutions to part of these problems, the benefits of bamboo cultivation are species and site-specific. However, no research has established the ethnobotanical knowledge of bamboo in West Pokot, making it difficult to upscale its cultivation. The study aimed at 1) determining the level of awareness of bamboo 2) the uses of bamboo 3) factors motivating and hindering its cultivation. The study adopted an analytical cross-sectional survey research design. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting the study site. A Systematic random sampling technique was used in selecting households to be used in establishing local knowledge through questionnaires. Data were analysed using chi-square test of fit, chi-square test of association and cochran’s Q test of K-related samples. Results showed that farmer to farmer approach (38.9%) was the main source of information. Among the respondents, 70.6% of them were aware of bamboo out of which 67.6% were aware of its uses. The commonly identified uses were soil conservation (48.1%), shade provision (39.5%), fencing material (38.8%) and construction material (36.9%). The findings revealed that 74.1% of the respondents were willing to cultivate bamboo due to its environmental, economic and cultural benefits among others. However, inadequate knowledge of bamboo planting and management techniques (51.8%) is the main impeding factor to the cultivation of bamboo in the region. Therefore, forestry and agricultural extension agents in the county should sensitize and train farmers on bamboo establishment and management for farmers to realize its full potential.
{"title":"Ethnobotany of pokot communities on bamboo species in the dryland areas of West Pokot County, Kenya","authors":"Brexidis Mandila, Timothy W. Namaswa","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr021301333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021301333","url":null,"abstract":"Communities in dryland areas of West Pokot in Kenya rely on fragile degraded ecosystems that have led to famines, low productivity and income. Although cultivating bamboo provides solutions to part of these problems, the benefits of bamboo cultivation are species and site-specific. However, no research has established the ethnobotanical knowledge of bamboo in West Pokot, making it difficult to upscale its cultivation. The study aimed at 1) determining the level of awareness of bamboo 2) the uses of bamboo 3) factors motivating and hindering its cultivation. The study adopted an analytical cross-sectional survey research design. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting the study site. A Systematic random sampling technique was used in selecting households to be used in establishing local knowledge through questionnaires. Data were analysed using chi-square test of fit, chi-square test of association and cochran’s Q test of K-related samples. Results showed that farmer to farmer approach (38.9%) was the main source of information. Among the respondents, 70.6% of them were aware of bamboo out of which 67.6% were aware of its uses. The commonly identified uses were soil conservation (48.1%), shade provision (39.5%), fencing material (38.8%) and construction material (36.9%). The findings revealed that 74.1% of the respondents were willing to cultivate bamboo due to its environmental, economic and cultural benefits among others. However, inadequate knowledge of bamboo planting and management techniques (51.8%) is the main impeding factor to the cultivation of bamboo in the region. Therefore, forestry and agricultural extension agents in the county should sensitize and train farmers on bamboo establishment and management for farmers to realize its full potential.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83415170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.55899/09734449/jbr021303
Saavedra, Fonthal, C. Olarte, Ariza Calderon
An experiment was carried out in a nursery with 220 seedlings of Guadua angustifolia Kunth, by adding silicon (Si) in a commercial fertilizer. Eleven treatments, including the no silicon-control were applied, with concentrations progressively increasing in 600 mg Si up to 6000 mg Si kg-1-dried. We found that, Si was beneficial to the seedling’s growth in terms of their stem height, stem base area, leaf area, root length, stem biomass, leaves, roots and total biomass. However, this benefit reached a peak at about 4200 mg Si kg-1, and after this concentration the plants did not show any benefit, but instead they stopped absorbing silicon as the inner silicon decreased when the Si in the soil was equal or higher of 2400 mg kg-1. The supplied fertilizer also contained phosphorus (P), but this mineral did not affect the previous variables, nor the absorption of Si.
以瓜瓜220株苗木为试验材料，在商品肥料中添加硅(Si)。11个处理，包括无硅控制，在600毫克硅的浓度逐渐增加到6000毫克硅kg-1干。结果表明，Si对幼苗的茎高、茎基部面积、叶面积、根长、茎生物量、叶、根和总生物量均有促进作用。然而，这种益处在4200 mg Si kg-1左右达到顶峰，在这个浓度之后，植物没有表现出任何益处，相反，当土壤中的Si等于或高于2400 mg kg-1时，植物停止吸收硅，因为内部硅减少了。供肥中还含有磷，但磷不影响上述变量，也不影响硅的吸收。
{"title":"Influence of silicon on the growth of Guadua angustifolia Kunth seedlings","authors":"Saavedra, Fonthal, C. Olarte, Ariza Calderon","doi":"10.55899/09734449/jbr021303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449/jbr021303","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out in a nursery with 220 seedlings of Guadua angustifolia Kunth, by adding silicon (Si) in a commercial fertilizer. Eleven treatments, including the no silicon-control were applied, with concentrations progressively increasing in 600 mg Si up to 6000 mg Si kg-1-dried. We found that, Si was beneficial to the seedling’s growth in terms of their stem height, stem base area, leaf area, root length, stem biomass, leaves, roots and total biomass. However, this benefit reached a peak at about 4200 mg Si kg-1, and after this concentration the plants did not show any benefit, but instead they stopped absorbing silicon as the inner silicon decreased when the Si in the soil was equal or higher of 2400 mg kg-1. The supplied fertilizer also contained phosphorus (P), but this mineral did not affect the previous variables, nor the absorption of Si.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76520340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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