Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159053444626
S. Paudel, C. L. Chowdhary
Rattan is one of the most important non-timber forest products mostly distributed and highly traded in Southeast Asia. Out of 600 species in the world, only 7 species occur in Nepal, but these play a significant role in the income generation of communities. However, rattan resource base has been depleted significantly due to overexploitation, immature harvesting and habitat destruction. This paper highlights a case study of community rattan management in the far western development Terai region of Nepal. The income of the community has been increased up to 30 times after the proper management of rattan. Since 1996 the community has earned about US$ 40 000 each year from the rattan sale and a number of community development activities has been carried out with the funds generated. This is an exemplary work to demonstrate how rattan management can bring positive changes on rural economy, natural resources and social capital.
{"title":"Managing rattan as a common property: a case study of community rattan management in Nepal","authors":"S. Paudel, C. L. Chowdhary","doi":"10.1163/1569159053444626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159053444626","url":null,"abstract":"Rattan is one of the most important non-timber forest products mostly distributed and highly traded in Southeast Asia. Out of 600 species in the world, only 7 species occur in Nepal, but these play a significant role in the income generation of communities. However, rattan resource base has been depleted significantly due to overexploitation, immature harvesting and habitat destruction. This paper highlights a case study of community rattan management in the far western development Terai region of Nepal. The income of the community has been increased up to 30 times after the proper management of rattan. Since 1996 the community has earned about US$ 40 000 each year from the rattan sale and a number of community development activities has been carried out with the funds generated. This is an exemplary work to demonstrate how rattan management can bring positive changes on rural economy, natural resources and social capital.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83198314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159053444699
Y. Amino
Similar to timbers, bamboo shows creep behaviour under sustained load. However, a remarkable performance is shown during static experiments, the degradation of the performance by the creep must be discussed to secure the utilization over a long period. In order to study the longterm efficiency of bamboo laminas reinforcing low-quality precocious wood beams, a series of creep tests was carried out on two types of specimens: bamboo–poplar sandwich beams and non-reinforced poplar beams. Under a constant climatic condition, the load on the beams was stepwise increased to observe the behaviour at different load levels. Analyzing the experimental data of the sandwich beams, the long-term admissible load level, as well as the supplemental deformation was studied. In accordance with the Burger body model, their behaviour was analytically interpreted in order to obtain the coefficients characterizing the creep curves. Comparing these coefficients revealed the influence of bamboo reinforcement on the creep.
{"title":"Bamboo-precocious wood composite beams: bending capacity for long-term loading","authors":"Y. Amino","doi":"10.1163/1569159053444699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159053444699","url":null,"abstract":"Similar to timbers, bamboo shows creep behaviour under sustained load. However, a remarkable performance is shown during static experiments, the degradation of the performance by the creep must be discussed to secure the utilization over a long period. In order to study the longterm efficiency of bamboo laminas reinforcing low-quality precocious wood beams, a series of creep tests was carried out on two types of specimens: bamboo–poplar sandwich beams and non-reinforced poplar beams. Under a constant climatic condition, the load on the beams was stepwise increased to observe the behaviour at different load levels. Analyzing the experimental data of the sandwich beams, the long-term admissible load level, as well as the supplemental deformation was studied. In accordance with the Burger body model, their behaviour was analytically interpreted in order to obtain the coefficients characterizing the creep curves. Comparing these coefficients revealed the influence of bamboo reinforcement on the creep.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88326972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159053444707
B. Bhatt, L. Singha, M. S. Sachan, K. Singh
The sales of fermented, roasted and boiled bamboo shoots in the market places of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Sikkim, of the North-Eastern Himalayan (NEH) region, India have been reported. The results are based on the survey of 118 markets covering 1200 primary and secondary vendors from 51 districts of NEH region. The consumption of fermented, roasted and boiled shoots was estimated to be ca. 680 tonnes; the highest occurs in Arunachal Pradesh (481 tonnes/year) and the lowest in Nagaland (19.5 tonnes/year). The bamboo shoots are consumed in the form of fermented-slice, crushed-fermented moist, crushed-fermented dry, fermented whole shoot, roasted whole shoot and boiled whole shoot in different states of the region. Cost–return analysis for sales of these bamboo products revealed a net income of 23 million rupees per annum (US$ 502 950) from the entire region with the highest (17.5 million rupees/year or US$ 38 270) in Arunachal Pradesh and the lowest in Sikkim (0.47 million rupees/year or US$ 10 280). Employment opportunities have also been worked out and ca. 1260 persons/year could earn their subsistence through selling of bamboo shoot products.
{"title":"Commercial edible bamboo species of the North-Eastern Himalayan region, India. Part II: fermented, roasted and boiled bamboo shoots sales","authors":"B. Bhatt, L. Singha, M. S. Sachan, K. Singh","doi":"10.1163/1569159053444707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159053444707","url":null,"abstract":"The sales of fermented, roasted and boiled bamboo shoots in the market places of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Sikkim, of the North-Eastern Himalayan (NEH) region, India have been reported. The results are based on the survey of 118 markets covering 1200 primary and secondary vendors from 51 districts of NEH region. The consumption of fermented, roasted and boiled shoots was estimated to be ca. 680 tonnes; the highest occurs in Arunachal Pradesh (481 tonnes/year) and the lowest in Nagaland (19.5 tonnes/year). The bamboo shoots are consumed in the form of fermented-slice, crushed-fermented moist, crushed-fermented dry, fermented whole shoot, roasted whole shoot and boiled whole shoot in different states of the region. Cost–return analysis for sales of these bamboo products revealed a net income of 23 million rupees per annum (US$ 502 950) from the entire region with the highest (17.5 million rupees/year or US$ 38 270) in Arunachal Pradesh and the lowest in Sikkim (0.47 million rupees/year or US$ 10 280). Employment opportunities have also been worked out and ca. 1260 persons/year could earn their subsistence through selling of bamboo shoot products.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86756304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159053444662
M. Rawat
Studies were conducted on seeds of three bamboo species, viz., Dendrocalamus membranaceus , D. strictus and Bambusa nutans, to determine a combination of conditions ensuring the most regular, rapid and complete germination under laboratory conditions. The seeds were sown at different combinations of incubation temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 40°C and 20–30°C) and sowing media (top of paper, between paper and sand). Seeds were also sown in the presence and absence of light at 30°C on top of paper. The ideal conditions for testing seeds of all the three species were found to be 30°C, top of paper and preferably presence of light.
{"title":"Optimum conditions for testing germination of bamboo seeds","authors":"M. Rawat","doi":"10.1163/1569159053444662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159053444662","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted on seeds of three bamboo species, viz., Dendrocalamus membranaceus , D. strictus and Bambusa nutans, to determine a combination of conditions ensuring the most regular, rapid and complete germination under laboratory conditions. The seeds were sown at different combinations of incubation temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 40°C and 20–30°C) and sowing media (top of paper, between paper and sand). Seeds were also sown in the presence and absence of light at 30°C on top of paper. The ideal conditions for testing seeds of all the three species were found to be 30°C, top of paper and preferably presence of light.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86321687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464608
X. B. Li, T. Shupe, C. Hse
Chinese tallow tree is an invasive and noxious species throughout the southern USA. It is inferior for many wood-processing applications. However, it may be acceptable when mixed with bamboo fibre for medium density fibreboard (MDF). The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of MDF manufactured from three Honduran bamboo species ( Dendrocalamus aspera, Bambusa arundinacea and Guadua angustifolia ), Chinese tallow tree wood ( Sapium sebiferum ), or a mixture bamboo and tallow fibres (mixed) bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. Experimental results showed that modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of bamboo/tallow mixed fibreboard is favourable. B. arundinacea exhibited the best performance in both bamboo fibreboards and mixed fibreboards for MOR, MOE and internal bond (IB) strength, with the expectation of MOR of the mixed fibreboard. The results also showed that the MOR and MOE of mixed fibreboard were lower than that of bamboo fibreboard and higher than that of tallow fibreboard. The results showed MOR, MOE and IB strength of the boards had a linear relation with an increase in the compaction ratio. There were no significant differences in water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion between the bamboo and mixed MDF. This study indicated that bamboo fibre can be a viable alternative to wood fibres for MDF, particularly when mixed with tallow wood.
{"title":"Physical and mechanical properties of medium density fibreboards from bamboo and tallow wood fibres","authors":"X. B. Li, T. Shupe, C. Hse","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464608","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese tallow tree is an invasive and noxious species throughout the southern USA. It is inferior for many wood-processing applications. However, it may be acceptable when mixed with bamboo fibre for medium density fibreboard (MDF). The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and mechanical characteristics of MDF manufactured from three Honduran bamboo species ( Dendrocalamus aspera, Bambusa arundinacea and Guadua angustifolia ), Chinese tallow tree wood ( Sapium sebiferum ), or a mixture bamboo and tallow fibres (mixed) bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. Experimental results showed that modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of bamboo/tallow mixed fibreboard is favourable. B. arundinacea exhibited the best performance in both bamboo fibreboards and mixed fibreboards for MOR, MOE and internal bond (IB) strength, with the expectation of MOR of the mixed fibreboard. The results also showed that the MOR and MOE of mixed fibreboard were lower than that of bamboo fibreboard and higher than that of tallow fibreboard. The results showed MOR, MOE and IB strength of the boards had a linear relation with an increase in the compaction ratio. There were no significant differences in water absorption, thickness swelling and linear expansion between the bamboo and mixed MDF. This study indicated that bamboo fibre can be a viable alternative to wood fibres for MDF, particularly when mixed with tallow wood.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77745345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464653
U. Anwar, A. Zaidon, M. T. Paridah, W. Razak
The potential of utilising 4-year-old Gigantochloa scortechinii culms for structural plywood was evaluated based on their gluing, physical and mechanical properties. Bamboo strips (without epidermis) were glued together edge to edge using polyvinyl acetate to produce a ply of 400 mm x 400 mm x 4 mm. The plies were assembled perpendicularly to each other to form a bamboo plywood of three plies. Phenol formaldehyde was used as a binder. The assembly time of the adhesive was 30 min. The hot press temperature and pressure were 140°C and 1.4 N/mm2, respectively, and they were maintained for 6.5 min. A commercial structural grade 5-ply plywood (Hopea sp.) with the same thickness of the bamboo plywood (12 mm) was used for comparison purposes. The bonding strength of bamboo plywood meets the minimum standard requirement of the Malaysian Standard. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and compression parallel to grain of the bamboo plywood were significantly higher compared to commercial plywood. The values were 65.4 vs. 42.0 N/mm 2 for MOR and 8955 vs. 4583 N/mm2 for MOE and 35.39 vs. 19.93 N/mm2 (compression parallel to grain). The width expansion and thickness swelling of bamboo plywood (after soaking in water 24 h) were markedly higher than commercial plywood, i.e. 1.51 vs. 0.43% and 5.44 vs. 4.42%, respectively.
利用4年生的巨型球藻作为结构胶合板的潜力根据其粘合，物理和机械性能进行了评估。竹条(没有表皮)用聚醋酸乙烯酯边沿粘合在一起，厚度为400毫米× 400毫米× 4毫米。这些层彼此垂直组装，形成三层的竹胶合板。采用酚醛作为粘结剂。胶粘剂的组装时间为30 min，热压温度和压力分别为140℃和1.4 N/mm2，保持时间为6.5 min。采用与竹胶合板(12 mm)厚度相同的商业结构级5层胶合板(Hopea sp.)进行比较。竹胶合板的粘接强度符合马来西亚标准的最低标准要求。竹材胶合板的断裂模量(MOR)、弹性模量(MOE)和平行颗粒压缩量均显著高于商用胶合板。MOR值为65.4 vs. 42.0 N/mm2, MOE值为8955 vs. 4583 N/mm2, 35.39 vs. 19.93 N/mm2(平行颗粒压缩)。竹制胶合板的宽度膨胀率和厚度膨胀率(浸泡24 h后)明显高于商品胶合板，分别为1.51比0.43%和5.44比4.42%。
{"title":"The potential of utilising bamboo culm (Gigantochloa scortechinii) in the production of structural plywood","authors":"U. Anwar, A. Zaidon, M. T. Paridah, W. Razak","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464653","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of utilising 4-year-old Gigantochloa scortechinii culms for structural plywood was evaluated based on their gluing, physical and mechanical properties. Bamboo strips (without epidermis) were glued together edge to edge using polyvinyl acetate to produce a ply of 400 mm x 400 mm x 4 mm. The plies were assembled perpendicularly to each other to form a bamboo plywood of three plies. Phenol formaldehyde was used as a binder. The assembly time of the adhesive was 30 min. The hot press temperature and pressure were 140°C and 1.4 N/mm2, respectively, and they were maintained for 6.5 min. A commercial structural grade 5-ply plywood (Hopea sp.) with the same thickness of the bamboo plywood (12 mm) was used for comparison purposes. The bonding strength of bamboo plywood meets the minimum standard requirement of the Malaysian Standard. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and compression parallel to grain of the bamboo plywood were significantly higher compared to commercial plywood. The values were 65.4 vs. 42.0 N/mm 2 for MOR and 8955 vs. 4583 N/mm2 for MOE and 35.39 vs. 19.93 N/mm2 (compression parallel to grain). The width expansion and thickness swelling of bamboo plywood (after soaking in water 24 h) were markedly higher than commercial plywood, i.e. 1.51 vs. 0.43% and 5.44 vs. 4.42%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89080408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464617
A. H. Mohamed, R. Wahab, W. Hashim, O. Sulaiman
This paper highlights research on the influence of three organic fertilisers (chicken dung, palm oil mill effluent and peat materials specially made for fertilisers) on the number of new shoots, the diameter at breast height, the height of the culms and the number of culms. Especially the number of new shoots and the diameter at breast height are positively influenced, which is promising for commercial purposes.
{"title":"Application of organic fertilisers on natural stand bamboos for sustainable management in peninsular Malaysia","authors":"A. H. Mohamed, R. Wahab, W. Hashim, O. Sulaiman","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464617","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights research on the influence of three organic fertilisers (chicken dung, palm oil mill effluent and peat materials specially made for fertilisers) on the number of new shoots, the diameter at breast height, the height of the culms and the number of culms. Especially the number of new shoots and the diameter at breast height are positively influenced, which is promising for commercial purposes.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78225602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464671
P. Mathew
A truly international attention on bamboo and rattan has just a brief history. Research and policy in the 1990s have brought to light both its commodity and livelihood aspects. However, such research and policy do not adequately reflect the requirements of the 'new economy' which is quite young. It is high time that the specific aspects of the prevailing research and political agenda are critically examined, and alternatives are sought for.
{"title":"Bamboo and rattan: working to reduce poverty","authors":"P. Mathew","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464671","url":null,"abstract":"A truly international attention on bamboo and rattan has just a brief history. Research and policy in the 1990s have brought to light both its commodity and livelihood aspects. However, such research and policy do not adequately reflect the requirements of the 'new economy' which is quite young. It is high time that the specific aspects of the prevailing research and political agenda are critically examined, and alternatives are sought for.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74575908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464680
B. Bhatt, L. Singha, M. S. Sachan, K. Singh
This paper reports the results on some commercially available edible bamboo species of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura states of the North-Eastern Himalayan (NEH) region. On average, out of 349 market places, 141 markets covering 2081 primary and secondary vendors were surveyed and interviewed to understand the major edible bamboo species, their sales on markets and cost–benefit analysis of tender bamboo shoots. Bambusa balcooa Roxb., B. polymorpha Munro in Trans., B. tulda Roxb., Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro in Trans., D. hamiltonii Nees et. Arn, D. hookerii Munro in Trans., D. longispathus Kurz, D. membranaceus Munro in Trans., D. sikkimensis Gamble, Gigantochloa rostrata Wong in Malay., Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz, Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb., Schizostachyum dullooa Gamble, Teinostachyum wightii Beddome and two unidentified spp., Chingwa and Khupri , have been found as commercial edible bamboo species in these tribal states. These edible species are also cultivated in home gardens in addition to their harvest from forests. Edible shoots are harvested from the first week of June to the third week of September every year for sales. However, market days varied from state to state and even from place to place within the state, with an average of 84, 84, 53, 81, 76 and 42 days/year, respectively, in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. On average, 1979, 2188, 442, 433, 442 and 201 tons of bamboo shoots are harvested for consumption annually, accordingly in the same states. The primary species harvested for young shoots was D. hamiltonii ( ca. 1859 ton/year), followed by D. giganteus ( ca. 1094 ton/year), D. sikkimensis ( ca. 1079 ton/year), M. baccifera ( ca. 647 ton/year), D. hookerii ( ca. 326 ton/year) and B. balcooa ( ca. 272 ton/year), irrespective of states surveyed. Significant ( P = 0.05) variations have been recorded for sales of edible species in different states. Genus Dendrocalamus accounted for 77% of the total sales of bamboo shoots in the region. In regards to diversity of edible species, a maximum of eight species have been observed in Manipur, followed by Tripura (6 spp.), and Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland (5 spp. in both states). Among species, D. hamiltonii and M. baccifera were the most common species sold, and were found in almost all the states. Significant ( P = 0.05) variations have been recorded for shoot length, basal diameter of young shoots and shoot weight among species. Shoot length and basal diameter was greatest for D. giganteus and lowest for T. wightii . Shoot weight was greatest for D. giganteus (1.8 kg/shoot) and lowest for S. dullooa (0.05 kg/shoot). Cost–benefit analysis for young bamboo shoots has also been estimated. The gross income was calculated to be (in million Rs. per year) ca. 11.95 (US$ 261 290), 8.56 (US$ 187 110), 2.56 (US$ 56 470), 1.97 (US$ 42 990), 1.61 (US$ 35 100) and 1.31 (US$ 28 700), respectively, in Arunachal P
{"title":"Commercial edible bamboo species of the North-Eastern Himalayan Region, India. Part I: young shoot sales","authors":"B. Bhatt, L. Singha, M. S. Sachan, K. Singh","doi":"10.1163/1569159042464680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1569159042464680","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the results on some commercially available edible bamboo species of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura states of the North-Eastern Himalayan (NEH) region. On average, out of 349 market places, 141 markets covering 2081 primary and secondary vendors were surveyed and interviewed to understand the major edible bamboo species, their sales on markets and cost–benefit analysis of tender bamboo shoots. Bambusa balcooa Roxb., B. polymorpha Munro in Trans., B. tulda Roxb., Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro in Trans., D. hamiltonii Nees et. Arn, D. hookerii Munro in Trans., D. longispathus Kurz, D. membranaceus Munro in Trans., D. sikkimensis Gamble, Gigantochloa rostrata Wong in Malay., Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz, Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb., Schizostachyum dullooa Gamble, Teinostachyum wightii Beddome and two unidentified spp., Chingwa and Khupri , have been found as commercial edible bamboo species in these tribal states. These edible species are also cultivated in home gardens in addition to their harvest from forests. Edible shoots are harvested from the first week of June to the third week of September every year for sales. However, market days varied from state to state and even from place to place within the state, with an average of 84, 84, 53, 81, 76 and 42 days/year, respectively, in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. On average, 1979, 2188, 442, 433, 442 and 201 tons of bamboo shoots are harvested for consumption annually, accordingly in the same states. The primary species harvested for young shoots was D. hamiltonii ( ca. 1859 ton/year), followed by D. giganteus ( ca. 1094 ton/year), D. sikkimensis ( ca. 1079 ton/year), M. baccifera ( ca. 647 ton/year), D. hookerii ( ca. 326 ton/year) and B. balcooa ( ca. 272 ton/year), irrespective of states surveyed. Significant ( P = 0.05) variations have been recorded for sales of edible species in different states. Genus Dendrocalamus accounted for 77% of the total sales of bamboo shoots in the region. In regards to diversity of edible species, a maximum of eight species have been observed in Manipur, followed by Tripura (6 spp.), and Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland (5 spp. in both states). Among species, D. hamiltonii and M. baccifera were the most common species sold, and were found in almost all the states. Significant ( P = 0.05) variations have been recorded for shoot length, basal diameter of young shoots and shoot weight among species. Shoot length and basal diameter was greatest for D. giganteus and lowest for T. wightii . Shoot weight was greatest for D. giganteus (1.8 kg/shoot) and lowest for S. dullooa (0.05 kg/shoot). Cost–benefit analysis for young bamboo shoots has also been estimated. The gross income was calculated to be (in million Rs. per year) ca. 11.95 (US$ 261 290), 8.56 (US$ 187 110), 2.56 (US$ 56 470), 1.97 (US$ 42 990), 1.61 (US$ 35 100) and 1.31 (US$ 28 700), respectively, in Arunachal P","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80884006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1163/1569159042464635
M. Sujatha, T. P. Thomas, S. Sankar
Considering the importance of reed bamboo (Ochlandra travancorica) in cottage and paper industries, along with its ecofriendly and fast growing nature, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of this species for revegetating the degrading lateritic soils in Kerala, India. The heavy rainfall prevalent in the region removes the bases through leaching and causes the formation of lateritic soils rich in iron and aluminium. To find out the survival and growth of reed bamboo on degraded soil, both seedlings and rhizomes were planted in the degraded area at Palappilly in Chalakkudy Forest Division of the State and the observations on survival and growth performance were recorded. Results revealed that reed plants raised from rhizomes could establish themselves better in the degrading lateritic soils than the seedlings and if seedlings are preferred for planting on degrading lateritic soils, then they should be at least 15 months old with well-developed rhizomes. After the establishment phase the plants grew vigorously, irrespective of the nature of the planting material and they attained an average height of 226 cm height and produced 13 culms within three years. Reed bamboo (O. travancorica) can, thus, be recommended as a very suitable species for revegetating the degrading lateritic soils.
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