Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.55899/09734449.22/21.1e/329
N. Yadav, Sridhar Kb, S. Parveen, Chavan Sb, Dhiraj Kumar, Inder Dev
An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of type and position of branch cuttings on rooting behaviour and root morphology in Bambusa vulgaris Schard. ex.J.C Wendl. using different concentrations of Indole butyric acid (IBA) harmone Maximum rooting was observed in primary (base end) cuttings treated with 1000 ppm. The propagules from single-node basal end cuttings exhibited significantly higher values for all the root and shoot parameters studied. The advantage of utilizing branch cuttings for propagation is its abundant availability and ease of handling.
{"title":"Effect of type and position of branch cuttings on rooting and root morphology in Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex. J.C. Wendl","authors":"N. Yadav, Sridhar Kb, S. Parveen, Chavan Sb, Dhiraj Kumar, Inder Dev","doi":"10.55899/09734449.22/21.1e/329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55899/09734449.22/21.1e/329","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of type and position of branch cuttings on rooting behaviour and root morphology in Bambusa vulgaris Schard. ex.J.C Wendl. using different concentrations of Indole butyric acid (IBA) harmone Maximum rooting was observed in primary (base end) cuttings treated with 1000 ppm. The propagules from single-node basal end cuttings exhibited significantly higher values for all the root and shoot parameters studied. The advantage of utilizing branch cuttings for propagation is its abundant availability and ease of handling.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73692550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008345
G. González, J. Gutiérrez
In many Latin American countries, people have traditionally built and still build their houses with 'bamboo bahareque' walls (these walls have a timber frame with split bamboo in the middle, covered with cement plaster on both sides). However, this constructive technique has not been technically studied, which is necessary to validate or, if necessary, improve it as a previous step to a much needed dissemination effort. The objective of the research reported in this paper is (a) to experimentally evaluate the strength and deformation capacities of prefabricated 'bamboo bahareque' shear walls developed in Costa Rica by the Bamboo Foundation (FUNBAMBU), under horizontal cyclic loads simulating earthquake effects, and (b) to propose testing procedures and provide reliable design recommendations for 'bamboo bahareque' house design and construction. For this purpose, 7 full-scale 'bamboo bahareque' walls were built and tested at the Materials and Structural Models National Laboratory (LANAMME), School of Civil Engineering, University of Costa Rica. The dimensions of the walls are 2.4 m in height and 2.7 m in length with a thickness varying from 40 to 60 mm. The results showed that the tested 'bamboo bahareque' walls have enough capacity to withstand earthquake induced loads of considerable magnitude. They also presented some ductile behaviour under cyclic loading.
{"title":"Structural performance of bamboo 'bahareque' walls under cyclic load","authors":"G. González, J. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008345","url":null,"abstract":"In many Latin American countries, people have traditionally built and still build their houses with 'bamboo bahareque' walls (these walls have a timber frame with split bamboo in the middle, covered with cement plaster on both sides). However, this constructive technique has not been technically studied, which is necessary to validate or, if necessary, improve it as a previous step to a much needed dissemination effort. The objective of the research reported in this paper is (a) to experimentally evaluate the strength and deformation capacities of prefabricated 'bamboo bahareque' shear walls developed in Costa Rica by the Bamboo Foundation (FUNBAMBU), under horizontal cyclic loads simulating earthquake effects, and (b) to propose testing procedures and provide reliable design recommendations for 'bamboo bahareque' house design and construction. For this purpose, 7 full-scale 'bamboo bahareque' walls were built and tested at the Materials and Structural Models National Laboratory (LANAMME), School of Civil Engineering, University of Costa Rica. The dimensions of the walls are 2.4 m in height and 2.7 m in length with a thickness varying from 40 to 60 mm. The results showed that the tested 'bamboo bahareque' walls have enough capacity to withstand earthquake induced loads of considerable magnitude. They also presented some ductile behaviour under cyclic loading.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89146330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008390
F. Lalnunmawia, L. K. Jha, F. Lalengliana
Gregarious flowering of bamboo Melocanna baccifera, followed by famine, is locally known as 'Mautam' and appears to occur in an established cycle in Mizoram, North East India. This cycle has been reported to have occurred in 1815, 1863, 1911 and 1959, a regular interval of 48 years. Thus, it is predicted that the next cycle will occur in 2007. The gregarious bamboo flowering in the hilly areas of the state, expected for 2007, has caused panic among the tribal people who fear a possible food crisis and epidemic due to rodent outbreak during bamboo flowering. It has been suggested that famine following bamboo flowering is a result of a combination of two factors. First, it has been reported that the seeds of M. baccifera are eaten by the rodents which enhances the rodents' reproductive ability. Second, the outbreak of rodent populations causes severe losses to paddy crops. Famine is an extreme outcome and there is a need to conduct systematic investigation to determine if these factors are indeed contributing to the famine. The natural ecological phenomenon of flowering has significant ecological and economical impacts on the affected areas.
{"title":"Preliminary observations on ecological and economical impacts of bamboo flowering in Mizoram (North East India)","authors":"F. Lalnunmawia, L. K. Jha, F. Lalengliana","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008390","url":null,"abstract":"Gregarious flowering of bamboo Melocanna baccifera, followed by famine, is locally known as 'Mautam' and appears to occur in an established cycle in Mizoram, North East India. This cycle has been reported to have occurred in 1815, 1863, 1911 and 1959, a regular interval of 48 years. Thus, it is predicted that the next cycle will occur in 2007. The gregarious bamboo flowering in the hilly areas of the state, expected for 2007, has caused panic among the tribal people who fear a possible food crisis and epidemic due to rodent outbreak during bamboo flowering. It has been suggested that famine following bamboo flowering is a result of a combination of two factors. First, it has been reported that the seeds of M. baccifera are eaten by the rodents which enhances the rodents' reproductive ability. Second, the outbreak of rodent populations causes severe losses to paddy crops. Famine is an extreme outcome and there is a need to conduct systematic investigation to determine if these factors are indeed contributing to the famine. The natural ecological phenomenon of flowering has significant ecological and economical impacts on the affected areas.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90191646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008408
P. Lugt
To get a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the bamboo sectors in Ecuador and Colombia with an emphasis on the countries' export potential, an elaborate SWOT analysis was conducted based on interviews with various key stakeholders in the countries' bamboo sectors. The analysis shows that the sector is improving but nevertheless is still hampered by various constraints, mostly based on a lack of commercialisation and marketing skills, which prevent both countries from fully taking advantage of (export) opportunities available.
{"title":"The bamboo sector in Colombia and Ecuador: a state of the art analysis of opportunities and constraints","authors":"P. Lugt","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008408","url":null,"abstract":"To get a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the bamboo sectors in Ecuador and Colombia with an emphasis on the countries' export potential, an elaborate SWOT analysis was conducted based on interviews with various key stakeholders in the countries' bamboo sectors. The analysis shows that the sector is improving but nevertheless is still hampered by various constraints, mostly based on a lack of commercialisation and marketing skills, which prevent both countries from fully taking advantage of (export) opportunities available.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88169100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008435
P. K. Talla, A. Foudjet, M. Fogué
This paper deals with the statistical model of the resistance of Raphia vinifera L. (Arecacea) under flexion normal to the grain. After the establishment of the probability expression governing the failure of said material, we experimentally determined the parameters of the statistical law that best fits the failure. A series of tests is also carried out to determine the size effect on these parameters.
{"title":"Statistical model of strength in flexion and size effect on the failure of Raphia vinifera L. (Arecacea)","authors":"P. K. Talla, A. Foudjet, M. Fogué","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008435","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the statistical model of the resistance of Raphia vinifera L. (Arecacea) under flexion normal to the grain. After the establishment of the probability expression governing the failure of said material, we experimentally determined the parameters of the statistical law that best fits the failure. A series of tests is also carried out to determine the size effect on these parameters.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73219031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008417
B. Meitram, G. Sharma
Rattans, the climbing palms, are one of the most important non-wood forest produce after timber, supporting the livelihood of many forest-dwelling communities in South and South-East Asia. They are known for their strength, durability, elasticity and lightness and are used in making a variety of products. Excessive harvest, loss of habitat and poor regeneration in nature have resulted in the dwindling of the rattan population, much before the existing rattan resources can be identified, thereby resulting in an urgent need to evaluate and conserve the existing rattan resources. This paper studies the species diversity, characteristic features and utilization pattern of the various rattans in the nine districts of Manipur and reproductive biology of elite species.
{"title":"Rattan resources of Manipur: species diversity and reproductive biology of elite species","authors":"B. Meitram, G. Sharma","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008417","url":null,"abstract":"Rattans, the climbing palms, are one of the most important non-wood forest produce after timber, supporting the livelihood of many forest-dwelling communities in South and South-East Asia. They are known for their strength, durability, elasticity and lightness and are used in making a variety of products. Excessive harvest, loss of habitat and poor regeneration in nature have resulted in the dwindling of the rattan population, much before the existing rattan resources can be identified, thereby resulting in an urgent need to evaluate and conserve the existing rattan resources. This paper studies the species diversity, characteristic features and utilization pattern of the various rattans in the nine districts of Manipur and reproductive biology of elite species.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82257137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008354
K. Singh, S. Kochhar
A trial was conducted on Bambusa pallida Munro. with three densities (278, 204 and 156 clumps/ha) of planting in square geometry over a period of 12.5 years. Planting density significantly influenced the circumference of clumps and the characteristics of culms i. e., number of internodes, mean height, girth, tapering rate, hollowness and dry weight of a culm. Total biomass productivity decreased from 341 t/ha at 278 clumps/ha to 234 t/ha at 156 clumps/ha. Accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the above ground biomass followed the same trend. Total nutrient accumulation was 5 t/ha at 278 clumps/ha at the highest biomass producing density of 278 clumps/ha. Harvested culms drained nutrients from the plantation site to the tune of 469 kg/ha per year over the last six years, while floor litters enriched the plantation site by adding 79 kg nutrient/ha per year during last 10 years of study. Floor litters returned 15, 21 and 31% of the total nutrient uptake to the surface soil at the planting densities of 278, 204 and 156 clumps/ha, respectively. Mn and Fe accumulated by the bamboo biomass in the acid soil condition were largely (61–73%) returned through floor litters to the soil. In general, there was positive nutrient balance under three densities of planting. Under the bamboo plantation, surface soil (0–20 cm) electrical conductivity and soil pH improved and the soil was enriched with organic matter, Ca, Mg and Zn, but it was depleted in available P, exchangeable K and Fe in proportion to the density of clumps.
{"title":"Effect of clump density/spacing on the productivity and nutrient uptake in Bambusa pallida and the changes in soil properties","authors":"K. Singh, S. Kochhar","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008354","url":null,"abstract":"A trial was conducted on Bambusa pallida Munro. with three densities (278, 204 and 156 clumps/ha) of planting in square geometry over a period of 12.5 years. Planting density significantly influenced the circumference of clumps and the characteristics of culms i. e., number of internodes, mean height, girth, tapering rate, hollowness and dry weight of a culm. Total biomass productivity decreased from 341 t/ha at 278 clumps/ha to 234 t/ha at 156 clumps/ha. Accumulation of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the above ground biomass followed the same trend. Total nutrient accumulation was 5 t/ha at 278 clumps/ha at the highest biomass producing density of 278 clumps/ha. Harvested culms drained nutrients from the plantation site to the tune of 469 kg/ha per year over the last six years, while floor litters enriched the plantation site by adding 79 kg nutrient/ha per year during last 10 years of study. Floor litters returned 15, 21 and 31% of the total nutrient uptake to the surface soil at the planting densities of 278, 204 and 156 clumps/ha, respectively. Mn and Fe accumulated by the bamboo biomass in the acid soil condition were largely (61–73%) returned through floor litters to the soil. In general, there was positive nutrient balance under three densities of planting. Under the bamboo plantation, surface soil (0–20 cm) electrical conductivity and soil pH improved and the soil was enriched with organic matter, Ca, Mg and Zn, but it was depleted in available P, exchangeable K and Fe in proportion to the density of clumps.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77664558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008426
A. Olorunnisola, A. Pitman, H. Mansfield-William
Wood–cement particleboard (WCP) was produced from rattan (Laccosperma secundiflorum) particles. Contrary to conventional practice, the boards were fabricated in the laboratory without pressure application. The effects of rattan particle size and content on the density and bending and compressive strength properties of the boards were investigated. The boards were produced using two rattan particle sizes, i.e., those passing through a 0.85 mm sieve but retained on 0.6 mm sieve, and a 50 : 50 mixture (by weight) of particles retained on 1.2 mm and 0.85 mm sieves, three cement–rattan mixing ratios (by weight of cement) of 1 : 0.11, 1 : 0.19 and 1 : 0.25 respectively, i.e., rattan contents of 10, 15 and 20%. Board density ranged between 764 and 1340 kg/m3, indicating that the composite is a lightweight concrete. The mean modulus of elasticity (MOE = 130.2−2830.7 N/mm2) and modulus of rupture (MOR = 0.8 and 5.2 N/mm2) of the boards decreased with increasing rattan particle size and content. The mean compressive strength of boards (1.3−22.0 N/mm2) also decreased with decreasing board density. Cement–rattan mixing ratio, rattan particle size and the interaction of both variables had significant effects on the density, modulus of rupture and the compressive strength of the composites. The density and the compressive strength properties of the composites suggest that they could find suitable application in the production of insulation boards and bricks (with the addition of sand), for erection of bearing walls in low-rise buildings.
{"title":"Strength properties and potential uses of rattan–cement composites","authors":"A. Olorunnisola, A. Pitman, H. Mansfield-William","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008426","url":null,"abstract":"Wood–cement particleboard (WCP) was produced from rattan (Laccosperma secundiflorum) particles. Contrary to conventional practice, the boards were fabricated in the laboratory without pressure application. The effects of rattan particle size and content on the density and bending and compressive strength properties of the boards were investigated. The boards were produced using two rattan particle sizes, i.e., those passing through a 0.85 mm sieve but retained on 0.6 mm sieve, and a 50 : 50 mixture (by weight) of particles retained on 1.2 mm and 0.85 mm sieves, three cement–rattan mixing ratios (by weight of cement) of 1 : 0.11, 1 : 0.19 and 1 : 0.25 respectively, i.e., rattan contents of 10, 15 and 20%. Board density ranged between 764 and 1340 kg/m3, indicating that the composite is a lightweight concrete. The mean modulus of elasticity (MOE = 130.2−2830.7 N/mm2) and modulus of rupture (MOR = 0.8 and 5.2 N/mm2) of the boards decreased with increasing rattan particle size and content. The mean compressive strength of boards (1.3−22.0 N/mm2) also decreased with decreasing board density. Cement–rattan mixing ratio, rattan particle size and the interaction of both variables had significant effects on the density, modulus of rupture and the compressive strength of the composites. The density and the compressive strength properties of the composites suggest that they could find suitable application in the production of insulation boards and bricks (with the addition of sand), for erection of bearing walls in low-rise buildings.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87617687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008372
Y. M. Lin, X. Zou, J. Liu, Z. J. Guo, P. Lin, S. Sonali
Nutrient, chlorophyll and caloric dynamics of the mature and senescent leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens were studied in Yongchun County, Fujian, China, from April 2002 to March 2003. There were notable seasonal variations in nutrient concentrations in the mature and senescent leaves. Mature leaves had significantly higher N, P and K concentrations than senescent leaves, while senescent leaves had higher Ca concentration and Mg concentration changed little during senescence. Resorption efficiencies on leaf area basis of N, P and K were positive, and those of Ca and Mg were negative, suggesting that with leaf senescence, N, P and K were translocated out of senescing leaves to other parts of plant, while Ca and Mg accumulated in senescing leaves. Seasonal changes in Chl a, Chl b and total chlorophyll were curvilinear in style, with Chl a making up the major portion of total chlorophyll. Chl a increased substantially in winter in mature leaves only, reflecting that the photosynthetic apparatus of mature leaves adapted to changes in the environment (i.e., temperature), whilst senescent leaves were less sensitive to environmental changes. Chlorophyll content decreased but the Chl a/Chl b ratio increased during leaf senescence. Ph. pubescens leaves had relatively high ash contents, with 10.29 ± 2.59% for mature leaves and 10.82 ± 2.63% for senescent leaves respectively. There was an increasing trend (P = 0.0199) in the ash content during leaf senescence, showing that Ph. pubescens leaves possibly possessed the mechanism to maintain the nutrition balance. Gross caloric value and ash free caloric value remained almost constant during leaf senescence (P > 0.05), demonstrating that energy was not lost with leaf senescence.
{"title":"Nutrient, chlorophyll and caloric dynamics of Phyllostachys pubescens leaves in Yongchun County, Fujian, China","authors":"Y. M. Lin, X. Zou, J. Liu, Z. J. Guo, P. Lin, S. Sonali","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008372","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient, chlorophyll and caloric dynamics of the mature and senescent leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens were studied in Yongchun County, Fujian, China, from April 2002 to March 2003. There were notable seasonal variations in nutrient concentrations in the mature and senescent leaves. Mature leaves had significantly higher N, P and K concentrations than senescent leaves, while senescent leaves had higher Ca concentration and Mg concentration changed little during senescence. Resorption efficiencies on leaf area basis of N, P and K were positive, and those of Ca and Mg were negative, suggesting that with leaf senescence, N, P and K were translocated out of senescing leaves to other parts of plant, while Ca and Mg accumulated in senescing leaves. Seasonal changes in Chl a, Chl b and total chlorophyll were curvilinear in style, with Chl a making up the major portion of total chlorophyll. Chl a increased substantially in winter in mature leaves only, reflecting that the photosynthetic apparatus of mature leaves adapted to changes in the environment (i.e., temperature), whilst senescent leaves were less sensitive to environmental changes. Chlorophyll content decreased but the Chl a/Chl b ratio increased during leaf senescence. Ph. pubescens leaves had relatively high ash contents, with 10.29 ± 2.59% for mature leaves and 10.82 ± 2.63% for senescent leaves respectively. There was an increasing trend (P = 0.0199) in the ash content during leaf senescence, showing that Ph. pubescens leaves possibly possessed the mechanism to maintain the nutrition balance. Gross caloric value and ash free caloric value remained almost constant during leaf senescence (P > 0.05), demonstrating that energy was not lost with leaf senescence.","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87615265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1163/156915905775008363
N. Harsh, Y. Singh, H. Gupta, B. M. Mushra, D. McLaughlin, B. Dentinger
A new culm rot disease in bamboo caused by Pterulicium xylogenum is reported for the first time. The disease was recorded on three species of bamboo, i.e., Bambusa vulgaris var. waminii, Dendrocalamus giganteus and Gigantochloa sp. Nearly 45% of culms of B. vulgaris var. waminii and 36% of culms of Gigantochloa were found to be dead or dying due to the disease. The pathogenicity of the fungus was tested and proved. Bioassays were conducted with five fungicides: except Captan all were found effective in inhibiting the growth of P. xylogenum, even at 0.025%. The disease can be controlled to an appreciable level by spraying and drenching with a mixture of 0.05% copper oxychloride and carbendazim (a.i. by weight).
{"title":"A new culm rot disease of bamboo in India and its management","authors":"N. Harsh, Y. Singh, H. Gupta, B. M. Mushra, D. McLaughlin, B. Dentinger","doi":"10.1163/156915905775008363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156915905775008363","url":null,"abstract":"A new culm rot disease in bamboo caused by Pterulicium xylogenum is reported for the first time. The disease was recorded on three species of bamboo, i.e., Bambusa vulgaris var. waminii, Dendrocalamus giganteus and Gigantochloa sp. Nearly 45% of culms of B. vulgaris var. waminii and 36% of culms of Gigantochloa were found to be dead or dying due to the disease. The pathogenicity of the fungus was tested and proved. Bioassays were conducted with five fungicides: except Captan all were found effective in inhibiting the growth of P. xylogenum, even at 0.025%. The disease can be controlled to an appreciable level by spraying and drenching with a mixture of 0.05% copper oxychloride and carbendazim (a.i. by weight).","PeriodicalId":39305,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bamboo and Rattan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85680131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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