Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.06
Raphael Venson Makokha Otakwa, H. Othieno, A. Oduor
: This paper reports on the effect of reverse bias (RB) on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that were investigated outdoor in Wajir (1 o 44’50’’ North, 40 o 4’ 8’’ East), Vihiga (35 o 0’ East, 0 o 15’ North), Kitui (3 o 0’ South, 37 o 50’ East) and Kajiado (360 o 5’ East, 30 o 0’ South) in Kenya. The DSSCs’ J-V characteristics, namely, V oc , J sc , FF and η , were studied under varied RB potentials. This was achieved through partial, as well as complete shading of the DSSCs during their operation in the study sites, using a thick piece of black cloth, and measuring the obtaining J-V characteristics. Findings of the study reveal that subjecting the DSSC module that was investigated in Wajir to RB of between 1V and 4V triggered between 25.53% and 23.53% drop in the module’s efficiency ( η ), followed by its total breakdown thereafter. The modules studied in Vihiga, Kitui and Kajiado exhibited a similar trend, but with variations in η under the different RB regimes. The DSSCs’ breakdown under RB regimes of over half their voltage ratings could be attributed to the damaging of their dye constituents. These findings are important for context-informed DSSC dye choices, as well as DSSC-integrated designs that appeal to local cultural textile fabrics, like shawls, kanzu (long robes) and light coats that women and men dress in, respectively, in Wajir, and blankets that both men and women wrap around their shoulders in Kajiado, as well as in local architectures. The findings underscore the existence of vast prospects for localized industries that innovate in DSSC-integrated designs for local espousal. They could form foundations for programs that mentor people, especially children and youths at local levels to engage in climate change-mitigating enterprises.
{"title":"Effect of Reverse Bias on Dye-Sensitized Technology: Lessons for Application in PV-Integrated Textile Fabric Designs Useable in Wajir, Vihiga, Kitui and Kajiado Counties in Kenya","authors":"Raphael Venson Makokha Otakwa, H. Othieno, A. Oduor","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.06","url":null,"abstract":": This paper reports on the effect of reverse bias (RB) on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that were investigated outdoor in Wajir (1 o 44’50’’ North, 40 o 4’ 8’’ East), Vihiga (35 o 0’ East, 0 o 15’ North), Kitui (3 o 0’ South, 37 o 50’ East) and Kajiado (360 o 5’ East, 30 o 0’ South) in Kenya. The DSSCs’ J-V characteristics, namely, V oc , J sc , FF and η , were studied under varied RB potentials. This was achieved through partial, as well as complete shading of the DSSCs during their operation in the study sites, using a thick piece of black cloth, and measuring the obtaining J-V characteristics. Findings of the study reveal that subjecting the DSSC module that was investigated in Wajir to RB of between 1V and 4V triggered between 25.53% and 23.53% drop in the module’s efficiency ( η ), followed by its total breakdown thereafter. The modules studied in Vihiga, Kitui and Kajiado exhibited a similar trend, but with variations in η under the different RB regimes. The DSSCs’ breakdown under RB regimes of over half their voltage ratings could be attributed to the damaging of their dye constituents. These findings are important for context-informed DSSC dye choices, as well as DSSC-integrated designs that appeal to local cultural textile fabrics, like shawls, kanzu (long robes) and light coats that women and men dress in, respectively, in Wajir, and blankets that both men and women wrap around their shoulders in Kajiado, as well as in local architectures. The findings underscore the existence of vast prospects for localized industries that innovate in DSSC-integrated designs for local espousal. They could form foundations for programs that mentor people, especially children and youths at local levels to engage in climate change-mitigating enterprises.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"379 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133126422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.01
Van Men Truong, Chih-Wei Yang, Hsiharng Yang
Carbon black (CB) and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) supported cobalt, namely, CoPc/CB and CoPc/MWCNTs, respectively, with different metal loads was synthesized and used as the cathode catalyst for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. The prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphology analysis revealed heterogeneous cobalt distribution on the carbon support. Cyclic Voltammetry was also studied to investigate the best combination ratio. The results indicated that the electrochemically largest active surface area was observed when 30 and 40 wt% cobalt was combined with 70 wt% CB and 60 wt% MWCNTs, respectively. The anion exchange membrane fuel cell performance showed that both cathode catalysts exhibited the highest peak power density at 40 wt%t. Co load. The peak power density of 55 mW/cm 2 at 0.4 volts was obtained using CoPc/CB. Meanwhile, the promising catalyst CoPc/MWCNTs only produced 35mW/cm 2 , which did not meet the expectation. According to some references, the alkaline fuel cell performance might be bothered by the acid residues, sulfates and nitrates produced by the MWCNT purification process.
{"title":"Carbon Black and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Supported Cobalt for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell","authors":"Van Men Truong, Chih-Wei Yang, Hsiharng Yang","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon black (CB) and multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) supported cobalt, namely, CoPc/CB and CoPc/MWCNTs, respectively, with different metal loads was synthesized and used as the cathode catalyst for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. The prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphology analysis revealed heterogeneous cobalt distribution on the carbon support. Cyclic Voltammetry was also studied to investigate the best combination ratio. The results indicated that the electrochemically largest active surface area was observed when 30 and 40 wt% cobalt was combined with 70 wt% CB and 60 wt% MWCNTs, respectively. The anion exchange membrane fuel cell performance showed that both cathode catalysts exhibited the highest peak power density at 40 wt%t. Co load. The peak power density of 55 mW/cm 2 at 0.4 volts was obtained using CoPc/CB. Meanwhile, the promising catalyst CoPc/MWCNTs only produced 35mW/cm 2 , which did not meet the expectation. According to some references, the alkaline fuel cell performance might be bothered by the acid residues, sulfates and nitrates produced by the MWCNT purification process.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134283201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.03
C. Strobel, Curitiba Brazil n, L. M. Moura, V. Mariani
Solar Chimney Power Plants (SCPP) – also known as Solar Updraft Power Plants – consists in a structure composed by a glass collector, placed in a few meters from the ground, with a chimney in its center, in order to promote a pressure differential and consequently a heated air flow. On the bottom of the chimney, a turbine convert the kinetic energy from the heated airflow in electric power. Many mathematical and numerical methods for predict the performance of this kind of renewable energy plant have been conducted, but always with a divergence among them. The main objective of this work is to compare the mathematical methods of evaluation the overall performance, as well to propose a more accurate mathematical method, comparing all results with Manzanares Plant and other methods in the literature. Two approaches were studied and then modified: one based on continuity and momentum equation and the other based on the sum of all pressure drops along the system. The main reasons of the difference between the models analyzed are highlighted. The results shows that one of the proposed methods leads to a divergence of only 1.3% when compared to Manzanares pilot plant, i.e., with an excellent agreement with experimental data.
{"title":"Mathematical Methods for Solar Chimney Analysis","authors":"C. Strobel, Curitiba Brazil n, L. M. Moura, V. Mariani","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.03","url":null,"abstract":"Solar Chimney Power Plants (SCPP) – also known as Solar Updraft Power Plants – consists in a structure composed by a glass collector, placed in a few meters from the ground, with a chimney in its center, in order to promote a pressure differential and consequently a heated air flow. On the bottom of the chimney, a turbine convert the kinetic energy from the heated airflow in electric power. Many mathematical and numerical methods for predict the performance of this kind of renewable energy plant have been conducted, but always with a divergence among them. The main objective of this work is to compare the mathematical methods of evaluation the overall performance, as well to propose a more accurate mathematical method, comparing all results with Manzanares Plant and other methods in the literature. Two approaches were studied and then modified: one based on continuity and momentum equation and the other based on the sum of all pressure drops along the system. The main reasons of the difference between the models analyzed are highlighted. The results shows that one of the proposed methods leads to a divergence of only 1.3% when compared to Manzanares pilot plant, i.e., with an excellent agreement with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"446 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125773525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.02
P. Badiya, Sai Praneeth Thota, Sandeep Yerram, P. Vadlani, P. Vedantam, Sai Sathish Ramamurthy, Nageswara Rao Golakoti, Robin Sharma, B.S. Vijaya Kumar
Fungi have a prominent status in fermentation for the production of different bio-products. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants are particularly formidable in their adaptability to solid state fermentation as an extension of its natural habitat and are also a potent source of broad-spectrum cellulolytic enzymes. We report for the first time the use of endophytic fungus isolated from Aegle marmelos for enhanced cellulolytic enzymes production from groundnut shell (GNS) as substrate. ImageJ software identified Trichoderma harzianum as an endophytic fungus having maximum radial growth rate. A systematic comparison of the endophytic fungus with Aspergillus oryzae , under solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) conditions was performed and enhanced cellulase production was observed by the endophytic fungus (4.27 FPU/ml) under SSF environment compared to SmF (2.35 FPU/ml). A comprehensive understanding of the systemic breakdown in the structural integrity of the biomass has been achieved using a synergy of enzyme assay protocols, spectral and thermal based techniques. The use of endophytic fungi in SSF systems in our study lays the basis for the production of other industrially important enzymes. The present study opens the door for the synergistic use of endophytic and epiphytic fungi for the production of cellulolytic enzyme.
{"title":"Endophytic Fungi from Aegle marmelos Plant: A Potent and Innovative Platform for Enhanced Cellulolytic Enzyme Production","authors":"P. Badiya, Sai Praneeth Thota, Sandeep Yerram, P. Vadlani, P. Vedantam, Sai Sathish Ramamurthy, Nageswara Rao Golakoti, Robin Sharma, B.S. Vijaya Kumar","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.02","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi have a prominent status in fermentation for the production of different bio-products. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants are particularly formidable in their adaptability to solid state fermentation as an extension of its natural habitat and are also a potent source of broad-spectrum cellulolytic enzymes. We report for the first time the use of endophytic fungus isolated from Aegle marmelos for enhanced cellulolytic enzymes production from groundnut shell (GNS) as substrate. ImageJ software identified Trichoderma harzianum as an endophytic fungus having maximum radial growth rate. A systematic comparison of the endophytic fungus with Aspergillus oryzae , under solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) conditions was performed and enhanced cellulase production was observed by the endophytic fungus (4.27 FPU/ml) under SSF environment compared to SmF (2.35 FPU/ml). A comprehensive understanding of the systemic breakdown in the structural integrity of the biomass has been achieved using a synergy of enzyme assay protocols, spectral and thermal based techniques. The use of endophytic fungi in SSF systems in our study lays the basis for the production of other industrially important enzymes. The present study opens the door for the synergistic use of endophytic and epiphytic fungi for the production of cellulolytic enzyme.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124735019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.05
R. Pedicini, I. Gatto, E. Passalacqua, C. Biffi, M. Coduri, A. Tuissi
: A new reversible hydrogen storage material, based on TiCr metal alloy, is proposed. Cr and Ti were mixed and melted in a final atomic ratio of 1,78. Chemical-physical characterisations, in terms of XRD and SEM-EDX, were performed. The quantification of Laves phases was performed through Rietveld refinements. The atomic Cr/Ti ratio was determined by EDX analysis and 1,71 was obtained. The H 2 sorption/desorption measurements by Sievert apparatus were carried out. After different tests varying temperature and pressure, a protocol measurement was established; and a H 2 sorption value of 0,4 wt% at 200 °C/10 bar with a fast kinetic at 5 bar ( Δ wt% of about 0,3 wt%) were obtained. Hydrogen desorption measurements performed in the same conditions of T confirmed a totally reversible trend. A confirm of metal hydride formation was recorded by XRD, in fact, comparing X-Ray patterns before and after volumetric tests a notable difference was recorded.
{"title":"Investigation of TiCr Hydrogen Storage Alloy","authors":"R. Pedicini, I. Gatto, E. Passalacqua, C. Biffi, M. Coduri, A. Tuissi","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2018.07.05","url":null,"abstract":": A new reversible hydrogen storage material, based on TiCr metal alloy, is proposed. Cr and Ti were mixed and melted in a final atomic ratio of 1,78. Chemical-physical characterisations, in terms of XRD and SEM-EDX, were performed. The quantification of Laves phases was performed through Rietveld refinements. The atomic Cr/Ti ratio was determined by EDX analysis and 1,71 was obtained. The H 2 sorption/desorption measurements by Sievert apparatus were carried out. After different tests varying temperature and pressure, a protocol measurement was established; and a H 2 sorption value of 0,4 wt% at 200 °C/10 bar with a fast kinetic at 5 bar ( Δ wt% of about 0,3 wt%) were obtained. Hydrogen desorption measurements performed in the same conditions of T confirmed a totally reversible trend. A confirm of metal hydride formation was recorded by XRD, in fact, comparing X-Ray patterns before and after volumetric tests a notable difference was recorded.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121735326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-03DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.03.2
Filippo Angelucci
The problematic nature of the centrality of the focal core formed of the Technological Design/ Energy / Environment relationship has never been so evident as at the present time, together with the need to tackle it urgently. Humanity has been directly interfacing with the energy issue and the "non-renewability" of resources on the one hand, and the question of harmful and climate-changing emissions on the other part for other for at least thirty years. This is the reason why it is our principal scientific and ethical duty to focus a major part of our attention and efforts on research – as proved in Italy by a significant part of the activities of PhD Program in "Planning Design Technology" of Sapienza University of Rome, by "NZEB" cluster of SITdA Italian Society of Technology of Architecture and by National Work Group "Green Economy for Architecture and Cities" of CNGE National Council on the Green Economy – in order to take significant steps forward. And to provide incisive answers for the emergency situations represented by, to use the two iconic terms of the much larger set of questions, the Climate and Energy problems. On the other hand, if it is true that the Nearly Zero Energy Building slogan specifically alludes to the scale of action, what is certain is that, at an international level, this is not the sole correct level on which we can and we must operate in order to have a chance of success, effectiveness and obtainment of that efficiency referred to in the first European directive 2002/91/EC through to the most recent 2010/31/EU “Energy Performance of Buildings†and 2012/27/EU "Energy Efficiency" which, inter alia, establish the concept of NZE architecture. So the working dimension becomes primarily "a-scaleable", in its need to oscillate constantly, with ongoing feedback, between actions at various leveles. Research related to the broad areas of Nearly Zero Energy Architecture developed in recent years fits into Technological Design in this sense and in this light, mainly in relation to regeneration of the existing architectural heritage, technologies for new building projects, process governance, the systemic approach on an urban scale, environmental and energy sustainability protocols, smart communities and cultural heritage.
{"title":"The Future of Research and Experimentation in Technological Design of the Relationships between Architecture, Energy and Environment","authors":"Filippo Angelucci","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"The problematic nature of the centrality of the focal core formed of the Technological Design/ Energy / Environment relationship has never been so evident as at the present time, together with the need to tackle it urgently. Humanity has been directly interfacing with the energy issue and the \"non-renewability\" of resources on the one hand, and the question of harmful and climate-changing emissions on the other part for other for at least thirty years. This is the reason why it is our principal scientific and ethical duty to focus a major part of our attention and efforts on research – as proved in Italy by a significant part of the activities of PhD Program in \"Planning Design Technology\" of Sapienza University of Rome, by \"NZEB\" cluster of SITdA Italian Society of Technology of Architecture and by National Work Group \"Green Economy for Architecture and Cities\" of CNGE National Council on the Green Economy – in order to take significant steps forward. And to provide incisive answers for the emergency situations represented by, to use the two iconic terms of the much larger set of questions, the Climate and Energy problems. On the other hand, if it is true that the Nearly Zero Energy Building slogan specifically alludes to the scale of action, what is certain is that, at an international level, this is not the sole correct level on which we can and we must operate in order to have a chance of success, effectiveness and obtainment of that efficiency referred to in the first European directive 2002/91/EC through to the most recent 2010/31/EU “Energy Performance of Buildings†and 2012/27/EU \"Energy Efficiency\" which, inter alia, establish the concept of NZE architecture. So the working dimension becomes primarily \"a-scaleable\", in its need to oscillate constantly, with ongoing feedback, between actions at various leveles. Research related to the broad areas of Nearly Zero Energy Architecture developed in recent years fits into Technological Design in this sense and in this light, mainly in relation to regeneration of the existing architectural heritage, technologies for new building projects, process governance, the systemic approach on an urban scale, environmental and energy sustainability protocols, smart communities and cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122739875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.04.3
Elisa Ieie
About the building heritage and, in particular, about the widespread heritage without historical or architectural quality, it currently opens a challenge in perpetual evolution. This is the integration of innovative technological solutions for building regeneration, which can help a qualitative improvement of the living spaces and the reduction of energy consumptions. Context factors, the intensity of precipitation, the different types of soil, and the amount of solar irradiation or wind speed are doubtless the main causes of the degradation of the existing buildings. On another way, through the control of climatic and biophysical parameters, the focus on the properties of materials and a careful design process, these variables can increase the use of renewable energy sources, becoming environmental resources to reduce energy consumption, to provide comfortable living spaces and aiming the realization of a Near Zero Energy Building. The paper proposes a reflection on the main methodological issues emerged in the hypothesis of intervention experimented on a case study in the city of L’Aquila. The building, located near the historical center of the city, is in direct relation with important pre-existences such as the Forte Spagnolo and the San Salvatore hospital. It is an example of possible regeneration of low quality building in which the additional use of new functional spaces can increase not only energy performances, but also an increase of architectural value of the building.
{"title":"Energy Efficiency of Low Quality Built Heritage: Methodological Reflections on Achieving the NZEB through a Case Study in the City of L'Aquila","authors":"Elisa Ieie","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"About the building heritage and, in particular, about the widespread heritage without historical or architectural quality, it currently opens a challenge in perpetual evolution. This is the integration of innovative technological solutions for building regeneration, which can help a qualitative improvement of the living spaces and the reduction of energy consumptions. Context factors, the intensity of precipitation, the different types of soil, and the amount of solar irradiation or wind speed are doubtless the main causes of the degradation of the existing buildings. On another way, through the control of climatic and biophysical parameters, the focus on the properties of materials and a careful design process, these variables can increase the use of renewable energy sources, becoming environmental resources to reduce energy consumption, to provide comfortable living spaces and aiming the realization of a Near Zero Energy Building. The paper proposes a reflection on the main methodological issues emerged in the hypothesis of intervention experimented on a case study in the city of L’Aquila. The building, located near the historical center of the city, is in direct relation with important pre-existences such as the Forte Spagnolo and the San Salvatore hospital. It is an example of possible regeneration of low quality building in which the additional use of new functional spaces can increase not only energy performances, but also an increase of architectural value of the building.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125110559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.04.1
M. Milardi
The debate on energy efficiency in buildings has already established the strategic role of the envelope to achieve the control objectives of consumption and housing quality. The study shows, it ranks in the innovative experimentation scenario, following the directions of the regulations 2010/31/EU (EPBD 2) and its objective is the realization of a building envelope "adaptive", characterized by the ability to dynamically respond to stress from the environmental context with which it relates. The experiment aimed at perfecting a model of intervention that can guide the design choices towards elements that make up the building envelope, characterized by a strong interactive-adaptive component. This is based on the combination of: layers of innovative envelope, systems using RES and SMART management requirements of the system, with a focus on intelligent control energy flows between external/internal and adaptive performance of the layers. The mode of "deferred layering" in relation to the orientation of the building and to climate periods, while for the control of wrap responses subjected to environmental stress, the research adopts BEMS & BIM systems and other related criteria will be defined. The experiment aims to satisfy the requirements to improve the energy performance of buildings by reducing the impacts (emissions), through the development of a technical system. The results obtained from inspections in progress, show that the constituent layers that envelope react in a synergistic way and adapted to different climatic conditions, ensuring high-quality performance, in line with the energy efficiency targets established by regulatory standards.
{"title":"Adaptive Models for the Energy Efficiency of Building Envelopes","authors":"M. Milardi","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"The debate on energy efficiency in buildings has already established the strategic role of the envelope to achieve the control objectives of consumption and housing quality. The study shows, it ranks in the innovative experimentation scenario, following the directions of the regulations 2010/31/EU (EPBD 2) and its objective is the realization of a building envelope \"adaptive\", characterized by the ability to dynamically respond to stress from the environmental context with which it relates. The experiment aimed at perfecting a model of intervention that can guide the design choices towards elements that make up the building envelope, characterized by a strong interactive-adaptive component. This is based on the combination of: layers of innovative envelope, systems using RES and SMART management requirements of the system, with a focus on intelligent control energy flows between external/internal and adaptive performance of the layers. The mode of \"deferred layering\" in relation to the orientation of the building and to climate periods, while for the control of wrap responses subjected to environmental stress, the research adopts BEMS & BIM systems and other related criteria will be defined. The experiment aims to satisfy the requirements to improve the energy performance of buildings by reducing the impacts (emissions), through the development of a technical system. The results obtained from inspections in progress, show that the constituent layers that envelope react in a synergistic way and adapted to different climatic conditions, ensuring high-quality performance, in line with the energy efficiency targets established by regulatory standards.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115716810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.03.3
C. Tonelli, I. Montella
Comparison between simulation results and measured performances is usually an open scientific problem, crucial to achieving the goal of NZEB performance. This paper addresses this issue in relation to residential buildings, using as a case study “ RhOME for denCity â€, the housing prototype developed by Roma TRE University and winner of Solar Decathlon Europe 2014. In a Mediterranean climate, the use of the mass combined with natural cross ventilation to control the indoor microclimate can be very effective in reducing HVAC use. Therefore, a “massive layer†was introduced in the inner surface of the envelope to not only contribute to the envelope transmittance value and the shifting phase of the thermal waves, but also as a thermal shock absorber to adjust the internal temperature, in both summer and winter. This experimental envelope was tested over two weeks during the competition in Versailles. Although prototype thermal behaviour was monitored only during the competition, and not over an extended period, initial results provide information on how to size the thermal mass contribution for indoor comfort. In-depth simulation through TRNSYS was run prior to the construction phase. This paper presents the comparison between monitored performance and simulations in order to measure the amount of mass needed to obtain a numerical improvement in indoor comfort performance.
仿真结果与实测性能的比较通常是一个开放性的科学问题，对于实现NZEB性能目标至关重要。本文讨论了与住宅建筑相关的这一问题，并以罗马理工大学开发的住宅原型建筑“RhOME for density”为例进行了研究，该建筑是2014年欧洲太阳能十项竞赛的获胜者。在地中海气候中，利用体量结合自然交叉通风来控制室内小气候，可以非常有效地减少暖通空调的使用。因此，在围护结构的内表面引入了一个€œmassive层，不仅有助于围护结构的透射率值和热波的移相，而且在夏季和冬季都可以作为热减震器来调节内部温度。这个实验性的信封在凡尔赛的比赛中进行了为期两周的测试。虽然原型热性能仅在比赛期间进行监测，而不是在较长时间内进行监测，但初步结果提供了如何确定热质量对室内舒适性贡献的信息。在施工阶段之前，通过TRNSYS进行了深入的模拟。本文提出了监测性能和模拟性能之间的比较，以测量获得室内舒适性能的数值改进所需的质量。
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Pub Date : 2018-02-28DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.03.1
Filippo Angelucci
Today, the implementation framework of Zero Energy Building strategies is characterised by a complex transitional phase. In fact, it is still difficult to achieve completely autonomous buildings, disconnected from any power-supply network. Despite the negative impact of climate-change and the progressive loss of non-renewable resources on our lifestyles, the global economic-financial crisis, local cultural-technological barriers, and the cost/complexity of design processes keep investment in this area unattractive. However, there is an intermediate approach that can facilitate a gradual re-direction of building actions through the ZEB logic. It can be identified in the alternative of Near Zero Energy Building (Nearly ZEB or Near Net ZEB). The Nearly ZEB approach, with its multiplicity of design aspects (i.e. cognitive, analytical, technical, and managerial) may configure a widespread state of progressive transition towards the architectural/inhabitable constructions sought by the 20-20-20 logic, at the scale of the building, the city, and the landscape. These constructions have lower emissions, produce more energy from renewable sources, consume less non-renewable energy, and can “also†reach the objective of total energy autonomy (ZEB) or Plus Energy . A twofold operating scenario emerges from this point of view. It is centred on the technological dimensions of designing a Nearly Zero Energy living space by overcoming the traditional concept of a building as a single object. On the one hand, there is a need for a greater interaction between technological innovations and inhabitable spaces, in a trans-scalar key; design becomes an open process of technological-environmental modifications that addresses the transition towards the status of ZEB. On the another hand, it becomes fundamental that the relationship between interior and exterior space, both public and private, is increasingly focused on the design of interface-systems in order to harmonise three new levels of relations (city-building, city-land, and building-land) and to configure a Nearly Zero Energy Oriented Landscape. These aspects emerge from the contributions presented in this special issue on The Technological Dimensions of Nearly Zero Energy Building Design and will be addressed in this essay.
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