Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.2
I. Itodo
Nigeria is one of the world’s leading producers of crude oil and yet it is a net importer of refined oil. Its average daily premium motor spirit (PMS) consumption is 30 million liters. At 100% capacity the nation’s refineries will produce 17.74 million liters of premium motor spirit daily. A shortfall of over 10 million liters per day exists. Recent estimates stipulate that Nigeria requires 20,000 MW of electricity per annum. The projected electricity supply from all sources (conventional and renewable) in Nigeria in the short (2007), medium (2015) and long term (2025) is estimated to be 7000 MW, 14000 MW and 29,000 MW respectively. Annual peak electricity demand in Nigeria will increase from 4,558 MW to 45,755 MW in 2050 at high growth rate and 4,558 to 19,599 MW for low growth. Nigeria’s electricity per capita of 27 W/person is not enough to light an electric incandescent bulb of 30 W. These provide enough justification for the use of renewable energy in Nigeria. The use of renewable energy in Nigeria is hindered by the lack of regulation, financial incentives, energy infrastructures, framework for sustainability and technical expertise. Overcoming these obstacles will require invigorating research and development in renewable energy technologies, training and education to build local technical capacity, diversification of energy mix and scaling up of renewable energy utilization, aggressive capacity building in all areas of energy development and creation of enabling environment that will attract investment in energy infrastructure. This paper discusses the obstacles and way forward in promoting renewable energy in Nigeria.
{"title":"Obstacles and Way Forward in Promoting Renewable Energy in Nigeria","authors":"I. Itodo","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.2","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is one of the world’s leading producers of crude oil and yet it is a net importer of refined oil. Its average daily premium motor spirit (PMS) consumption is 30 million liters. At 100% capacity the nation’s refineries will produce 17.74 million liters of premium motor spirit daily. A shortfall of over 10 million liters per day exists. Recent estimates stipulate that Nigeria requires 20,000 MW of electricity per annum. The projected electricity supply from all sources (conventional and renewable) in Nigeria in the short (2007), medium (2015) and long term (2025) is estimated to be 7000 MW, 14000 MW and 29,000 MW respectively. Annual peak electricity demand in Nigeria will increase from 4,558 MW to 45,755 MW in 2050 at high growth rate and 4,558 to 19,599 MW for low growth. Nigeria’s electricity per capita of 27 W/person is not enough to light an electric incandescent bulb of 30 W. These provide enough justification for the use of renewable energy in Nigeria. The use of renewable energy in Nigeria is hindered by the lack of regulation, financial incentives, energy infrastructures, framework for sustainability and technical expertise. Overcoming these obstacles will require invigorating research and development in renewable energy technologies, training and education to build local technical capacity, diversification of energy mix and scaling up of renewable energy utilization, aggressive capacity building in all areas of energy development and creation of enabling environment that will attract investment in energy infrastructure. This paper discusses the obstacles and way forward in promoting renewable energy in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132472088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.1
T. BelonioAlexis, C. RegaladoManuelJose, M. TadoNeilCaesar, Emmanuel V. Sicat
While the Philippine Biofuels Act of 2006 mandates the use of anhydrous bioethanol as blend for gasoline, the potential of hydrous ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines has not been fully realized. This study explored the possibility of using hydrous ethanol as fuel for spark-ignition engines with minimal modifications and without the need for gasoline blend. A fuel feeding device was developed to feed hydrous ethanol fuel into the intake manifold of the engine, bypassing the carburetor. By replacing the components that are not compatible with hydrous ethanol and installing a fuel feeding device developed at PhilRice, two spark-ignition engines were able to run solely on 80-95% hydrous ethanol fuel. The fuel economy was found to be a significant issue in the utilization of hydrous ethanol fuel as there is a 75% increase in fuel consumption when using hydrous ethanol. There is potential for hydrous ethanol to be used as fuel if it can be produced locally and sold at half the pump price of gasoline.
{"title":"Development of a Hydrous Ethanol Fuel Feeding Device for Spark-Ignition Engine","authors":"T. BelonioAlexis, C. RegaladoManuelJose, M. TadoNeilCaesar, Emmanuel V. Sicat","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.1","url":null,"abstract":"While the Philippine Biofuels Act of 2006 mandates the use of anhydrous bioethanol as blend for gasoline, the potential of hydrous ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines has not been fully realized. This study explored the possibility of using hydrous ethanol as fuel for spark-ignition engines with minimal modifications and without the need for gasoline blend. A fuel feeding device was developed to feed hydrous ethanol fuel into the intake manifold of the engine, bypassing the carburetor. By replacing the components that are not compatible with hydrous ethanol and installing a fuel feeding device developed at PhilRice, two spark-ignition engines were able to run solely on 80-95% hydrous ethanol fuel. The fuel economy was found to be a significant issue in the utilization of hydrous ethanol fuel as there is a 75% increase in fuel consumption when using hydrous ethanol. There is potential for hydrous ethanol to be used as fuel if it can be produced locally and sold at half the pump price of gasoline.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117194100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.9
O. Aly, M. M. Neto, M. M. A. M. Schvartzman
Dissimilar welds (DW) are normally used in many components junctions in structural project of PWR (Pressurized Water Reactors) in Nuclear Plants. One had been departed of a DW of a nozzle located at a Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) of a PWR reactor, that joins the structural vessel material with an A316 stainless steel safe end. This weld is basically done with Inconel/Alloy 182 with a weld buttering of Inconel/Alloy 82. It had been prepared some axial cylindrical specimens retired from the Alloy 182/A316 weld end to be tested in the slow strain rate test machine located at CDTN laboratory. Based in these stress corrosion susceptibility results, it was done a preliminary semi-empiric modeling application to study the failure initiation time evolution of these specimens. The used model is composed by a deterministic part, and a probabilistic part according to the Weibull distribution. It had been constructed a specific Microsoft Excel worksheet to do the model application of input data. The obtained results had been discussed according with literature and also the model application limits.
{"title":"Preliminary Stress Corrosion Cracking Modeling Study of a Dissimilar Material Weld of Alloy (Inconel) 182 with Stainless Steel 316 in Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactor","authors":"O. Aly, M. M. Neto, M. M. A. M. Schvartzman","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.9","url":null,"abstract":"Dissimilar welds (DW) are normally used in many components junctions in structural project of PWR (Pressurized Water Reactors) in Nuclear Plants. One had been departed of a DW of a nozzle located at a Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) of a PWR reactor, that joins the structural vessel material with an A316 stainless steel safe end. This weld is basically done with Inconel/Alloy 182 with a weld buttering of Inconel/Alloy 82. It had been prepared some axial cylindrical specimens retired from the Alloy 182/A316 weld end to be tested in the slow strain rate test machine located at CDTN laboratory. Based in these stress corrosion susceptibility results, it was done a preliminary semi-empiric modeling application to study the failure initiation time evolution of these specimens. The used model is composed by a deterministic part, and a probabilistic part according to the Weibull distribution. It had been constructed a specific Microsoft Excel worksheet to do the model application of input data. The obtained results had been discussed according with literature and also the model application limits.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131030021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.6
E. Ihalane, L. Atourki, L. Alahyane, H. Kirou, L. Boulkaddat, E. hamri, A. Ihlal, K. Bouabid
The paper presents a simulation study using the numerical simulator SCAPS-1D to model ZnO/Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S/CuIn (1-y) Ga y Se 2 /CuInSe 2 structures. Effects of thickness of graded and ungraded CIGS absorbers and buffer layers on cell performance have been investigated with the aim to reach a higher efficiency. Quantum efficiency (QE) as function of wavelength and thickness of these layers was studied . The high efficiency of CIGS cells, in order of 22.05%, has reached with the absorbers thickness between 2I¼m and 3.5I¼m and with acceptor concentration of about 2.10 16 cm 3 . Other hand, we investigate the effect of Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S ternary compound buffer on the top of the p-CIGS cell. These simulation results give some important indication to enable further development of multilayer thin-film solar cells based on CuInGaSe 2 with Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S as buffer layer instead of CdS
本文利用SCAPS-1D数值模拟器对ZnO/Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S/CuIn (1-y) Ga y Se 2 /CuInSe 2结构进行了模拟研究。为了达到更高的效率，研究了梯度和非梯度CIGS吸收层和缓冲层厚度对电池性能的影响。研究了量子效率随波长和厚度的变化规律。当吸收剂厚度在2 μ m ~ 3.5 μ m之间，受体浓度约为2.10 ~ 16 cm 3时，CIGS电池的效率达到22.05%左右。另一方面，我们研究了Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S三元化合物缓冲液对p-CIGS电池顶部的影响。这些模拟结果为进一步开发以Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S作为缓冲层的CuInGaSe - 2多层薄膜太阳能电池提供了重要的指导
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Quantum Efficiency of Cd0.8Zn0.2S /CIGS Solar Cells","authors":"E. Ihalane, L. Atourki, L. Alahyane, H. Kirou, L. Boulkaddat, E. hamri, A. Ihlal, K. Bouabid","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a simulation study using the numerical simulator SCAPS-1D to model ZnO/Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S/CuIn (1-y) Ga y Se 2 /CuInSe 2 structures. Effects of thickness of graded and ungraded CIGS absorbers and buffer layers on cell performance have been investigated with the aim to reach a higher efficiency. Quantum efficiency (QE) as function of wavelength and thickness of these layers was studied . The high efficiency of CIGS cells, in order of 22.05%, has reached with the absorbers thickness between 2I¼m and 3.5I¼m and with acceptor concentration of about 2.10 16 cm 3 . Other hand, we investigate the effect of Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S ternary compound buffer on the top of the p-CIGS cell. These simulation results give some important indication to enable further development of multilayer thin-film solar cells based on CuInGaSe 2 with Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S as buffer layer instead of CdS","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115832464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.5
A. Galkina, V. Kulagin, Irina Mironova
During the period up to 2040, renewable energy sources (RES) will have the highest growth rates of all forms of energy. Based on the calculations on the world energy model incorporated in the SCANER modelling and information complex (working on the basis of optimization, econometric analysis, and balance approach), key trends in the world consumption of renewable energy sources; the share of OECD and non-OECD countries in the use of the renewable energy sources; consumption of renewable energy sources by type; end use and the impact on the electricity sector during the period up to 2040 were observed. The main finding of the paper is that RES are becoming more competitive and therefore will be used on an increasingly wide scale not only in the OECD countries, but also in the whole world. At the same time, due to the fact that RES start their take-off from a modest basis, they will only have a limited influence on the shares of hydrocarbons in the energy mix.
{"title":"Renewable Energy Sources: Global and Russian Outlook Up to 2040","authors":"A. Galkina, V. Kulagin, Irina Mironova","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.5","url":null,"abstract":"During the period up to 2040, renewable energy sources (RES) will have the highest growth rates of all forms of energy. Based on the calculations on the world energy model incorporated in the SCANER modelling and information complex (working on the basis of optimization, econometric analysis, and balance approach), key trends in the world consumption of renewable energy sources; the share of OECD and non-OECD countries in the use of the renewable energy sources; consumption of renewable energy sources by type; end use and the impact on the electricity sector during the period up to 2040 were observed. The main finding of the paper is that RES are becoming more competitive and therefore will be used on an increasingly wide scale not only in the OECD countries, but also in the whole world. At the same time, due to the fact that RES start their take-off from a modest basis, they will only have a limited influence on the shares of hydrocarbons in the energy mix.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129968758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the main degradation mechanisms which cause risks to safety and reliability of pressurized water nuclear reactors is the primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in nickel alloys, such as Alloy 600 (75Ni-15Cr-9Fe), and its weld metal Alloy 182 (67 Ni-15Cr-8Fe). It can appear at several reactor nozzles dissimilarly welded with Alloys 182/82 between steel ASTM A-508 G3 and stainless steel AISI316L, among others. The hydrogen which is dissolved to primary water to prevent radiolysis, can also have influence on the stress corrosion cracking behavior. In this article one departs from a study of Lima based in experimental data obtained from CDTN-Brazilian Nuclear Technology Development Center, in slow strain rate test (SSRT). It was prepared and used for tests a weld in laboratory, similar to dissimilar weld in pressurizer relief nozzles, operating at Brazilian NPP Angra 1. It was simulated for tests, primary water at 325 o C and 12.5 MPa containing levels of dissolved hydrogen: 2, 10, 25, and 50 cm 3 STP H 2 /kgH 2 O. The objective of this article is to propose an adequate modeling based on these experimental results, for PWSCC crack growth rate according to the levels of dissolved hydrogen, based on EPRI-MRP-263 NP. Furthermore, it has been estimated the stress intensity factor applied for these tests: according with these, some another models described on EPRI-MRP-115, and an USNRC Technical Report, have been tested. According to this study, CDTN tests are adequate for modeling comparisons within EPRI and USNRC models.
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.4
S. Sami
This paper presents a description of the mathematical model developed to predict the natural frequency of a particular refrigerant or refrigerant mixture and magnetic field frequency using the one-dimensional fluid flow conservation equations. The results show the dependence of the Nusselt number on the Reynolds number in the presence and absence of magnetic field. However, the results also provide evidence of enhanced heat transfer and heat flux under magnetic field compared to without magnetic field. In addition, the results presented in the paper clearly provide evidence that the heat transmission has been consistently enhanced when magnetic field is applied. It also appears that heat transfer enhancement is greater at higher Nusselt numbers.
{"title":"Influence of Magnetic Frequency on the Thermal Behaviour of Heat Transfer Equipment","authors":"S. Sami","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a description of the mathematical model developed to predict the natural frequency of a particular refrigerant or refrigerant mixture and magnetic field frequency using the one-dimensional fluid flow conservation equations. The results show the dependence of the Nusselt number on the Reynolds number in the presence and absence of magnetic field. However, the results also provide evidence of enhanced heat transfer and heat flux under magnetic field compared to without magnetic field. In addition, the results presented in the paper clearly provide evidence that the heat transmission has been consistently enhanced when magnetic field is applied. It also appears that heat transfer enhancement is greater at higher Nusselt numbers.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.7
L. Damiani, Jacopo Dellachà, A. P. Prato, R. Revetria
The improvement of renewable energy sources exploitation is a central topic of the present studies in the energetic field. One of the main obstacles to the renewable energy increase in the global energetic mix is represented by the fluctuating nature of renewable power sources. The power fluctuations are cause of stress for the electric grid to which the individual nodes are connected. A wider exploitation of renewable power is possible through the implementation of a “smart grid”, constituted by an interconnection of several smart nodes consisting in a user and a renewable source. To reduce the stochastic effects of the renewable energy source it is possible to introduce in the nodes composing the smart grid an energy storage, finalized to smooth the power peaks, rending the node itself less disturbing for the electric grid. This paper presents a simulation model of a smart node, consisting in a user power profile, a photovoltaic panel, an electric vehicle and a battery. Through the simulation model it is possible to evaluate the node effect on the electric grid, with a quantitative approach. Tests were worked out in different node configurations: basic (the only user power profile), basic with photovoltaic panel, basic with storage, basic with panel and storage and finally the complete configuration including also the electric vehicle. The tests were repeated for a domestic and an industrial user to evaluate the size influence over the parameters of interest.
{"title":"Simulation Model of a Node for Smart Grid Applications, Equipped with Photovoltaic Panel, Energy Storage and Electric Vehicle","authors":"L. Damiani, Jacopo Dellachà, A. P. Prato, R. Revetria","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.7","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement of renewable energy sources exploitation is a central topic of the present studies in the energetic field. One of the main obstacles to the renewable energy increase in the global energetic mix is represented by the fluctuating nature of renewable power sources. The power fluctuations are cause of stress for the electric grid to which the individual nodes are connected. A wider exploitation of renewable power is possible through the implementation of a “smart grid”, constituted by an interconnection of several smart nodes consisting in a user and a renewable source. To reduce the stochastic effects of the renewable energy source it is possible to introduce in the nodes composing the smart grid an energy storage, finalized to smooth the power peaks, rending the node itself less disturbing for the electric grid. This paper presents a simulation model of a smart node, consisting in a user power profile, a photovoltaic panel, an electric vehicle and a battery. Through the simulation model it is possible to evaluate the node effect on the electric grid, with a quantitative approach. Tests were worked out in different node configurations: basic (the only user power profile), basic with photovoltaic panel, basic with storage, basic with panel and storage and finally the complete configuration including also the electric vehicle. The tests were repeated for a domestic and an industrial user to evaluate the size influence over the parameters of interest.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130046653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-29DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.2
A. Kuhe, H. Iortyer, A. Iortsor
The assessment of cooking energy cost and efficiency of improved woodfuel clay cookstoves in Nigeria have been considered in this study. Two improved wood burning clay cookstove models were compared to the 3-stone fire stove using the water boiling test and controlled cooking test. The following parameters: specific fuel consumption (SFC), thermal efficiency, ebulution time and cooking energy cost were considere as key indicators for comparison. The results show that the fire power for the cold starts phases were 7.72KW, 8.59KW and 9.78KW for the stove with grate, modified stove without grate and the 3-stone open fire (TFS) respectively. The thermal efficiencies ranges between 19-35%, 13.8-26.8% and 11.7-22.8% for the cold start, hot start and simmer phases for mud stove with grate (MSWG), mud stove no grate (MSNG) and three stone open fire (TFS) respectively. MSWG, showed the highest savings potential on wood fuel consumption with the lowest total wood cost of N127.80 and sfc of 1.632Kg of fuel/kg of food cooked. While MSNG and TFS, have a total wood fuel cost and SFC of N207.70 , N269.20, and 2.141, 1.632kg of fuel/kg of food cooked respectively.
{"title":"Performance of Clay Wood Cook Stove: An Analysis of Cost and Fuel Savings","authors":"A. Kuhe, H. Iortyer, A. Iortsor","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of cooking energy cost and efficiency of improved woodfuel clay cookstoves in Nigeria have been considered in this study. Two improved wood burning clay cookstove models were compared to the 3-stone fire stove using the water boiling test and controlled cooking test. The following parameters: specific fuel consumption (SFC), thermal efficiency, ebulution time and cooking energy cost were considere as key indicators for comparison. The results show that the fire power for the cold starts phases were 7.72KW, 8.59KW and 9.78KW for the stove with grate, modified stove without grate and the 3-stone open fire (TFS) respectively. The thermal efficiencies ranges between 19-35%, 13.8-26.8% and 11.7-22.8% for the cold start, hot start and simmer phases for mud stove with grate (MSWG), mud stove no grate (MSNG) and three stone open fire (TFS) respectively. MSWG, showed the highest savings potential on wood fuel consumption with the lowest total wood cost of N127.80 and sfc of 1.632Kg of fuel/kg of food cooked. While MSNG and TFS, have a total wood fuel cost and SFC of N207.70 , N269.20, and 2.141, 1.632kg of fuel/kg of food cooked respectively.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"5 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122544847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on a comprehensive review of the different biomass energy technologies in China, a hybrid evaluation model founding on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed to offer a comprehensive evaluation of a variety of biomass energy technologies in China. In this model, three evaluation criteria, including the applicability of technology, economic viability and environment-friendly, are defined and nine indicators, including resources supply, equipment and technology, energy efficiency, energy grade, production cost, economic benefit, ecological impact, environmental pollution and social benefit, are devised. Priorities are established in this study based on pairwise comparisons of the elements. In addition, the model has been validated by various utilization technologies reported in literatures. Results show that environmental pollution, social benefit, ecological impact and resources supply greatly impact on the application of biomass technologies, followed by economic benefit. Besides, it is demonstrated that integrated technologies of biomass energy, which is closely related with residential daily life and compatible with local ecological environment, possess evident superiority. Furthermore, the outcome can be supportive for guiding future development of biomass energy in China.
{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Biomass Energy Technologies in China","authors":"Q. Yang, F. Han, Xudong Wu, Deyuan Wang, Xianhua Wang, Haiping Yang, Shihong Zhang, Hanping Chen","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.03.1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a comprehensive review of the different biomass energy technologies in China, a hybrid evaluation model founding on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed to offer a comprehensive evaluation of a variety of biomass energy technologies in China. In this model, three evaluation criteria, including the applicability of technology, economic viability and environment-friendly, are defined and nine indicators, including resources supply, equipment and technology, energy efficiency, energy grade, production cost, economic benefit, ecological impact, environmental pollution and social benefit, are devised. Priorities are established in this study based on pairwise comparisons of the elements. In addition, the model has been validated by various utilization technologies reported in literatures. Results show that environmental pollution, social benefit, ecological impact and resources supply greatly impact on the application of biomass technologies, followed by economic benefit. Besides, it is demonstrated that integrated technologies of biomass energy, which is closely related with residential daily life and compatible with local ecological environment, possess evident superiority. Furthermore, the outcome can be supportive for guiding future development of biomass energy in China.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"61 29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132172466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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