Pub Date : 2015-09-23DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.03.2
U. Sahoo, S. Singh, R. Kumar, P. Kumar
Portable Solar Water Distillation (PSWD) system can provide drinking water and hot water simultaneously to households. It utilizes solar radiation to heat the water and produce fresh water out of the saline or brackish water & also produce hot water. The paper focuses mainly on field performance of a new design of PSWD for domestic applications in remote and hilly areas. Field Performance data of PSWD system has been recorded during summer and winter in northern region. It is observed that on Solar Global Radiation 2.3 kWh/ 0.25 m 2 , maximum output of distilled water generation of 1.2 liters/day per 0.25 m 2 was achieved and average temperature of hot brackish water has reached 42 0 C at ambient temperature of 23 0 C within 8 hours. This system is the most efficient and cost effective. It can produce pure, clean fresh water along with hot brackish water from any water source.
{"title":"Mathematical Modelling of Portable Solar Water Distillation System","authors":"U. Sahoo, S. Singh, R. Kumar, P. Kumar","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.03.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.03.2","url":null,"abstract":"Portable Solar Water Distillation (PSWD) system can provide drinking water and hot water simultaneously to households. It utilizes solar radiation to heat the water and produce fresh water out of the saline or brackish water & also produce hot water. The paper focuses mainly on field performance of a new design of PSWD for domestic applications in remote and hilly areas. Field Performance data of PSWD system has been recorded during summer and winter in northern region. It is observed that on Solar Global Radiation 2.3 kWh/ 0.25 m 2 , maximum output of distilled water generation of 1.2 liters/day per 0.25 m 2 was achieved and average temperature of hot brackish water has reached 42 0 C at ambient temperature of 23 0 C within 8 hours. This system is the most efficient and cost effective. It can produce pure, clean fresh water along with hot brackish water from any water source.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121057751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-15DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.3
Benjamin Lang, A. Halog
Multicrystalline (multi-Si) photovoltaic (PV) technology is increasingly common throughout Australia and the developed world, as renewable energy technologies become viable electrical generation alternatives to coal and nuclear power. We have examined the cradle-to-grave life cycle of a 3kWp multi-Si PV system within Australia. The highest contribution of environmental impacts results from the usage of fossil fuel energy resources and their emissions at the pre-production and manufacturing stages. We analyze the impacts of multi-Si technology on ecosystem goods and services (EGS) and compared it with impacts resulting from coal power electricity. For 3kWp multi-Si system, coal, crude oil and iron ore were the critical resources consumed from the lithosphere while the public supply of water was consumed from the hydrosphere. For coal power electricity, coal and water were the resources most consumed from both the lithosphere and hydrosphere. However the resource consumption from coal power electricity is significantly larger than that of multi-Si PV. Coal power electricity is also responsible for much greater energy and exergy consumption compared to multi-Si PV. The main ecosystem disturbances resulting from the lifecycle of a 3kWp multi-Si unit affect supporting and regulating services though these disturbances are considerably lower than the services impacted from coal power electricity. The study concludes that similar analysis performed on another PV technology would provide a greater understanding to the Eco-LCA results for multi-Si PV technology, particularly with relation to exergy analysis.
{"title":"Comparative Ecological Based Life Cycle Assessment of Multi- Crystalline PV Technology and Coal Electric Power","authors":"Benjamin Lang, A. Halog","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"Multicrystalline (multi-Si) photovoltaic (PV) technology is increasingly common throughout Australia and the developed world, as renewable energy technologies become viable electrical generation alternatives to coal and nuclear power. We have examined the cradle-to-grave life cycle of a 3kWp multi-Si PV system within Australia. The highest contribution of environmental impacts results from the usage of fossil fuel energy resources and their emissions at the pre-production and manufacturing stages. We analyze the impacts of multi-Si technology on ecosystem goods and services (EGS) and compared it with impacts resulting from coal power electricity. For 3kWp multi-Si system, coal, crude oil and iron ore were the critical resources consumed from the lithosphere while the public supply of water was consumed from the hydrosphere. For coal power electricity, coal and water were the resources most consumed from both the lithosphere and hydrosphere. However the resource consumption from coal power electricity is significantly larger than that of multi-Si PV. Coal power electricity is also responsible for much greater energy and exergy consumption compared to multi-Si PV. The main ecosystem disturbances resulting from the lifecycle of a 3kWp multi-Si unit affect supporting and regulating services though these disturbances are considerably lower than the services impacted from coal power electricity. The study concludes that similar analysis performed on another PV technology would provide a greater understanding to the Eco-LCA results for multi-Si PV technology, particularly with relation to exergy analysis.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129565949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-15DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.1
L. Damiani, Jacopo Dellachà, M. Repetto, A. P. Prato
Pure electric mobility is still struggling to emerge in the present road vehicles scenario. This is mostly due to costs, nowadays still very high, and to battery range, which is intrinsically very limited with respect to the fuel tank of a traditional vehicle. To be effectively competitive, e-mobility should not be thought as the mere substitution of the thermal powertrain with the electric one on the same vehicle; instead, a holistic approach comprehensive of the integration of a charging network within the territory should be adopted. The vehicles should be tailored on the missions to be accomplished promoting the lightness, simplicity and low cost, and should be integrated within a charging infrastructure and a car-sharing system implemented in the reference territory. In this paper the authors aim at exposing their idea of e-mobility, justifying it by simulations carried out on three different vehicles (a Diesel-fuelled Renault Kangoo, an electric driven Renault Kangoo and an electric micro-vehicle Renault Twizy) and experimental data. The simulations were carried out with the help of a validated road vehicle model in different real road missions, namely a urban, an extra-urban and a mountain mission.
{"title":"Simulative Comparison between Electric and Thermal Powertrains on Different Real Road Missions","authors":"L. Damiani, Jacopo Dellachà, M. Repetto, A. P. Prato","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.1","url":null,"abstract":"Pure electric mobility is still struggling to emerge in the present road vehicles scenario. This is mostly due to costs, nowadays still very high, and to battery range, which is intrinsically very limited with respect to the fuel tank of a traditional vehicle. To be effectively competitive, e-mobility should not be thought as the mere substitution of the thermal powertrain with the electric one on the same vehicle; instead, a holistic approach comprehensive of the integration of a charging network within the territory should be adopted. The vehicles should be tailored on the missions to be accomplished promoting the lightness, simplicity and low cost, and should be integrated within a charging infrastructure and a car-sharing system implemented in the reference territory. In this paper the authors aim at exposing their idea of e-mobility, justifying it by simulations carried out on three different vehicles (a Diesel-fuelled Renault Kangoo, an electric driven Renault Kangoo and an electric micro-vehicle Renault Twizy) and experimental data. The simulations were carried out with the help of a validated road vehicle model in different real road missions, namely a urban, an extra-urban and a mountain mission.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124197656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-15DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.4
Zhanming Chen, Yuan Chang, Yi-Ming Sun
The energy security issue has been paid close attention by many countries owing to the rising energy demand, the limited energy reserve, and the climate change problem. In spite of the broad concern, there is no globally accepted definition of energy security because, for any country, the impact of energy insecurity is highly correlated with its economic status, its resource endowment, its geopolitical partnership, as well as many other nation-specific features. Therefore, by using some of the world's largest energy consuming nations as examples, this article reviews the definitions of energy security and discusses the strategies to enhance it, in order to provide insight for policy makers from different countries. The results find that major energy consuming countries take measures to improve energy security status primarily by improving energy self-sufficiency and increasing energy diversification. Besides, this study also provides suggestion for different countries to take part in international energy cooperation in order to achieve a Pareto improvement of their energy security statuses.
{"title":"How Does Energy Security Definition Vary Across Nations? A Review of Major Energy Consumers","authors":"Zhanming Chen, Yuan Chang, Yi-Ming Sun","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"The energy security issue has been paid close attention by many countries owing to the rising energy demand, the limited energy reserve, and the climate change problem. In spite of the broad concern, there is no globally accepted definition of energy security because, for any country, the impact of energy insecurity is highly correlated with its economic status, its resource endowment, its geopolitical partnership, as well as many other nation-specific features. Therefore, by using some of the world's largest energy consuming nations as examples, this article reviews the definitions of energy security and discusses the strategies to enhance it, in order to provide insight for policy makers from different countries. The results find that major energy consuming countries take measures to improve energy security status primarily by improving energy self-sufficiency and increasing energy diversification. Besides, this study also provides suggestion for different countries to take part in international energy cooperation in order to achieve a Pareto improvement of their energy security statuses.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133234834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-15DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.2
Wilfried B. Krätzig
Solar updraft power technology (SUPT) forms a highly innovative, modern and efficient concept for solar-based electricity generation. Solar updraft power plants (SUPPs) are fueled purely by solar irradiation. They require no water for power generation, so their ideal locations are deserts. A SUPP consists of the glass-covered collector area (CA), in its centre the solar chimney (SC), and around the SC’s perimeter the power conversion units (PCU). This arrangement causes a permanent flow of warm air through the SUPP, producing electricity. The paper describes computer simulation concepts to evaluate the power/energy harvest in such plants, based on fluid-thermodynamics and radiation-physics. The nonlinear numerical processes for the SUPPs’ power harvests are solved by fast computer algorithms. Finally, the high economy of SUPT for world-wide arid zones in terms of leveled electricity costs (LECs) is exemplified by several optimized SUPPs.
{"title":"Solar Updraft Power Technology: Fighting Global Warming and Rising Energy Costs","authors":"Wilfried B. Krätzig","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"Solar updraft power technology (SUPT) forms a highly innovative, modern and efficient concept for solar-based electricity generation. Solar updraft power plants (SUPPs) are fueled purely by solar irradiation. They require no water for power generation, so their ideal locations are deserts. A SUPP consists of the glass-covered collector area (CA), in its centre the solar chimney (SC), and around the SC’s perimeter the power conversion units (PCU). This arrangement causes a permanent flow of warm air through the SUPP, producing electricity. The paper describes computer simulation concepts to evaluate the power/energy harvest in such plants, based on fluid-thermodynamics and radiation-physics. The nonlinear numerical processes for the SUPPs’ power harvests are solved by fast computer algorithms. Finally, the high economy of SUPT for world-wide arid zones in terms of leveled electricity costs (LECs) is exemplified by several optimized SUPPs.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine the solvent isotope effect on hydrogen-transfer reduction of CO 2 into formate with glycerine by alkaline hydrothermal reaction, intermediates were identified by 13 C-NMR, 1 H-NMR, 2 H-NMR, LC-MS analyses. The results showed that (1) CO 2 was indeed converted into abiogenic formate; (2) a ketone carbonyl group as intermediate product was formed on hydrogen-transfer reduction of CO 2 into formate with glycerine by alkaline hydrothermal reaction; (3) acetol was the most probable intermediate in the first reaction by undergoing a dehydration rather than a dehydrogenation.
{"title":"Solvent Isotope Effect on Hydrogen-Transfer Reduction of CO2 into Formate with Glycerine by Alkaline Hydrothermal Reaction","authors":"Zheng Shen, Minyan Gu, Long Yang, Shiyang Liu, Wei Zhang, Wen-jie Dong","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"To examine the solvent isotope effect on hydrogen-transfer reduction of CO 2 into formate with glycerine by alkaline hydrothermal reaction, intermediates were identified by 13 C-NMR, 1 H-NMR, 2 H-NMR, LC-MS analyses. The results showed that (1) CO 2 was indeed converted into abiogenic formate; (2) a ketone carbonyl group as intermediate product was formed on hydrogen-transfer reduction of CO 2 into formate with glycerine by alkaline hydrothermal reaction; (3) acetol was the most probable intermediate in the first reaction by undergoing a dehydration rather than a dehydrogenation.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115856207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-11DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.1
Jordana H. Castillo, Francisco J. Rodríguez, A. López‐Malo, E. Sánchez-Mora, M. A. Quiroz, E. Bandala
Iron-doped TiO 2 nanopowders with different doping amounts have been prepared by co-precipitation method followed by heat treatment. The obtained materials were structurally, morphologically and analytically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) coupled to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed the major presence of the anatasa crystalline phase for iron-doped and undoped TiO 2 . SEM confirmed particles sizes among the nanometer scale along with XRD data. The presence of iron ions was validated by EDX-SEM. Diffuse reflectance techniques were carried out to validate the shift of the band edge absorption spectrum of doped TiO 2 nanoparticles towards the visible region and to confirm the presence of iron atoms in the TiO 2 crystal lattice by the resulting variation of the band gap value of the doped materials. Photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles under UV and visible radiation was evaluated by means of hydroxyl radicals production through indirect estimation using N,N-dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline (PNDA)photo-discoloration experiments in aqueous dispersion. Samples containing 1.2 and 5.6 weight % Fe exhibited the highest activities in this study for both conditions.
{"title":"Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Iron-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanopowders","authors":"Jordana H. Castillo, Francisco J. Rodríguez, A. López‐Malo, E. Sánchez-Mora, M. A. Quiroz, E. Bandala","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.1","url":null,"abstract":"Iron-doped TiO 2 nanopowders with different doping amounts have been prepared by co-precipitation method followed by heat treatment. The obtained materials were structurally, morphologically and analytically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) coupled to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed the major presence of the anatasa crystalline phase for iron-doped and undoped TiO 2 . SEM confirmed particles sizes among the nanometer scale along with XRD data. The presence of iron ions was validated by EDX-SEM. Diffuse reflectance techniques were carried out to validate the shift of the band edge absorption spectrum of doped TiO 2 nanoparticles towards the visible region and to confirm the presence of iron atoms in the TiO 2 crystal lattice by the resulting variation of the band gap value of the doped materials. Photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles under UV and visible radiation was evaluated by means of hydroxyl radicals production through indirect estimation using N,N-dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline (PNDA)photo-discoloration experiments in aqueous dispersion. Samples containing 1.2 and 5.6 weight % Fe exhibited the highest activities in this study for both conditions.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130092798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-11DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.2
H. T. Rakotondramiarana, M. H. Radanielina, Andriamaholisoa Yvan Ramananjatovo
Energy saving is a significant feature to take in account in the choice of renewable energy technologies to use. This paper techno-economically investigates an excess heat recovery system that is proposed to be installed in a thermal cure center geothermal source for producing domestic hot water to be conveyed through piping to a nearby three star hotel located in Antsirabe Madagascar. For that purpose, the hotel hot water needs were determined by using an available online free code, called Solo, and the effectiveness-NTU method was used to size the plate heat exchanger to be used to recover the geothermal heat. The proposed hybrid geothermal solution performance was compared with that of hybrid solar energy water-heaters in terms of electricity consumption related to water temperature adjustment. It follows from comparison results that the proposed hybrid geothermal solution is more profitable and allows about 73.2 (%) of electric energy saving while it is 54.9 (%) for hybrid solar option. Besides, economic evaluation confirmed that the geothermal installation allows a shorter return on investment more favorably.
{"title":"Techno-Economic Investigation of a Thermal Cure Center Excess Heat Recovery System for Producing Hot Water for a Hotel in Antsirabe Madagascar","authors":"H. T. Rakotondramiarana, M. H. Radanielina, Andriamaholisoa Yvan Ramananjatovo","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.2","url":null,"abstract":"Energy saving is a significant feature to take in account in the choice of renewable energy technologies to use. This paper techno-economically investigates an excess heat recovery system that is proposed to be installed in a thermal cure center geothermal source for producing domestic hot water to be conveyed through piping to a nearby three star hotel located in Antsirabe Madagascar. For that purpose, the hotel hot water needs were determined by using an available online free code, called Solo, and the effectiveness-NTU method was used to size the plate heat exchanger to be used to recover the geothermal heat. The proposed hybrid geothermal solution performance was compared with that of hybrid solar energy water-heaters in terms of electricity consumption related to water temperature adjustment. It follows from comparison results that the proposed hybrid geothermal solution is more profitable and allows about 73.2 (%) of electric energy saving while it is 54.9 (%) for hybrid solar option. Besides, economic evaluation confirmed that the geothermal installation allows a shorter return on investment more favorably.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114686106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-11DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.4
Huijia Yang, Zhen-Yu Zhao
The key to achieve sustainable development of wind power is integration absorptive, involving the generation, transmission, distribution, operation, scheduling plurality of electric production processes. The paper based on the analyses of the situation of wind power development and grid integration requirements for wind power, summarized wind power integration technologies’ development, characteristics, applicability and trends from five aspects, grid mode, control technology, transmission technology, scheduling, and forecasting techniques. And friendly integration, intelligent control, reliable transmission, and accurate prediction would be the major trends of wind power integration, these five aspects interactive and mutually reinforcing would realize common development both grid and wind power, both economic and ecological.
{"title":"Wind Power Integration Control Technology for Sustainable, Stable and Smart Trend: A Review","authors":"Huijia Yang, Zhen-Yu Zhao","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2015.04.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"The key to achieve sustainable development of wind power is integration absorptive, involving the generation, transmission, distribution, operation, scheduling plurality of electric production processes. The paper based on the analyses of the situation of wind power development and grid integration requirements for wind power, summarized wind power integration technologies’ development, characteristics, applicability and trends from five aspects, grid mode, control technology, transmission technology, scheduling, and forecasting techniques. And friendly integration, intelligent control, reliable transmission, and accurate prediction would be the major trends of wind power integration, these five aspects interactive and mutually reinforcing would realize common development both grid and wind power, both economic and ecological.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124981834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.3
Y. Musa, Y. Ahmed, Y. A. Yamusa, M. Tukur
In order to ascertain the level of flux variation in one of the inner irradiation channels of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1), the irradiation container used for routine activation analysis was employed with copper wires as flux monitors. Measurements were carried out with these wires arranged in axial direction to determine the thermal neutron flux at selected positions using absolute foil activation method. Our results show that there exists a slight flux variation from one position to another ranging from (4.57 ± 0.24) x 10 11 to (5.20 ± 0.20) x 10 11 cm -2 s -1 . Individual foil shows slight flux variation from one position to another in the same irradiation container but they all pointed toward a level of stability in spite of the recent installation of the cadmium lined irradiation channel. The values obtained in this work are in good agreement with the previously measured value of (5.14 ± 0.24) x 10 11 cm -2 s -1 after commissioning of NIRR-1. This shows that the cadmium lined installation does not affect the flux stability. In order to improve the accuracy of neutron activation analysis (NAA) using NIRR-1 facility, there is need for flux corrections to be made by miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR) users during NAA particularly long irradiation, where more than six samples are irradiated simultaneously in the same container.
为了确定尼日利亚1号研究堆(NIRR-1)一个内部辐照通道的通量变化水平，使用了用于常规活化分析的辐照容器，并使用铜线作为通量监测仪。采用绝对箔活化法，将这些金属丝沿轴向排列，测定选定位置的热中子通量。结果表明，从一个位置到另一个位置存在轻微的通量变化，范围为(4.57 ±0.24)x 10 11到(5.20 ±0.20)x 10 11 cm -2 s -1。单个箔在同一辐照容器中从一个位置到另一个位置显示出轻微的通量变化，但它们都指向一定程度的稳定，尽管最近安装了镉衬里的辐照通道。本工作所测得的数值与先前测得的(5.14 ±0.24)× 10 11 cm -2 s -1在NIRR-1调试后的数值吻合良好。这表明，镉衬里安装不影响通量稳定性。为了提高使用核磁共振-1装置进行中子活化分析(NAA)的准确性，在6个以上样品同时在同一容器中辐照的情况下，需要微型中子源反应堆(MNSR)用户在NAA特别长时间辐照期间进行通量校正。
{"title":"Neutron Flux Variation at the Inner Irradiation Channel of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1)","authors":"Y. Musa, Y. Ahmed, Y. A. Yamusa, M. Tukur","doi":"10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2014.03.04.3","url":null,"abstract":"In order to ascertain the level of flux variation in one of the inner irradiation channels of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1), the irradiation container used for routine activation analysis was employed with copper wires as flux monitors. Measurements were carried out with these wires arranged in axial direction to determine the thermal neutron flux at selected positions using absolute foil activation method. Our results show that there exists a slight flux variation from one position to another ranging from (4.57 ± 0.24) x 10 11 to (5.20 ± 0.20) x 10 11 cm -2 s -1 . Individual foil shows slight flux variation from one position to another in the same irradiation container but they all pointed toward a level of stability in spite of the recent installation of the cadmium lined irradiation channel. The values obtained in this work are in good agreement with the previously measured value of (5.14 ± 0.24) x 10 11 cm -2 s -1 after commissioning of NIRR-1. This shows that the cadmium lined installation does not affect the flux stability. In order to improve the accuracy of neutron activation analysis (NAA) using NIRR-1 facility, there is need for flux corrections to be made by miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR) users during NAA particularly long irradiation, where more than six samples are irradiated simultaneously in the same container.","PeriodicalId":394478,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131589668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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