Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski最新文献

Objective: Aim: To evaluate clinical applicability of immune mediator's interleukin-16, immunoglobulin E along with eosinophil count in diagnosing COVID-19 and determining its severity.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at Al-Najaf General Hospital, Najaf, Iraq between March and August 2024. 120 participants: 60 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 60 healthy controls which matched cases in terms of age and sex. Data collected through direct interviews and hospital records; laboratory investigations were performed following standard protocols. Serum analysis: Serum levels of IgE and IL-16 were determined using an automated system and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Results: A significant difference in levels of immune markers between COVID-19 group and healthy controls. Eosinophil count significantly higher in patients than in controls (105±64 cells/ml vs. 78±22 cells/ml, P<0.001). IgE levels in patients were markedly elevated compared to controls (788±98 UI/ml vs. 204±122 UI/ml, P<0.001). IL-16 levels in patients were double of controls (12.8±3.9 pg/ml vs. 6.2±2.9 pg/ml, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that elevated levels of IL-16, IgE, and eosinophils were significantly associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19, with IL-16 showing a particularly strong association (odds ratio=1.7, P<0.001). Sensitivity values were 0.74, 0.48, and 0.85 for eosinophils, IgE, and IL-16, while specificity values were 0.66, 0.58, and 0.72.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Findings underscore probable implication of immune mediators in respect, more especially IL-6, as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity and diagnosis.

Objective: Aim: The aim is to investigate the impact of an experimental judo training program on the morphofunctional state and physical fitness of healthy adolescents.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study involved 54 male adolescents aged 16-17, who were divided into an experimental group (EG, n=27) and a control group (CG, n=27). The morphofunctional state of the students was evaluated based on the indicators of muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory system activities, while physical fitness was assessed using physical education tests.

Results: Results: It was found that during the experiment, adolescents' morphofunctional state and physical fitness indicators improved in both groups. However, in the EG, the difference between the initial and final data was significant (p 0.05). Moreover, at the end of the experiment, all the studied indicators in the EG were significantly better than in the CG. The most pronounced impact of judo training was observed on the strength index, Ruffier index, Stange index, Genchi index, Robinson index, and the results in the long jump, pull-ups, push-ups, and trunk lifts.

Conclusion: Conclusions: It was proven that extracurricular judo training sessions, provided that adolescents consciously choose the sport and are motivated to participate, as well as the rational planning of training sessions, are more effective compared to traditional physical education lessons in high school for improving the morphofunctional state and physical fitness of healthy adolescents. The high level of the studied indicators in adolescents will enhance their health and improve their future educational and professional activities.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive approach aimed at preventing heart disease, supporting treatment and improving the quality of life of patients and their functional abilities. Its goals include slowing the progression of cardiovascular diseases and reducing mortality associated with these diseases. Physiotherapy is a key element of cardiac rehabilitation, complemented by appropriate pharmacological treatment, psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, patient education about the cardiovascular system and lifestyle modifications tailored to individual needs. Cardiac rehabilitation in the prevention of the occurrence, in addition to other forms of treatment, has an additional impact on reducing mortality and morbidity of patients with sequelae, especially patients after myocardial infarction. The importance of cardiac rehabilitation has increased in recent years due to the increasing number of patients successfully treated for acute coronary syndromes. Rehabilitation in this group of patients helps to alleviate the immediate negative effects of myocardial infarction and reduces the risk of re-hospitalization. Combining pharmacotherapy with well-structured physical training and lifestyle changes improves the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, improves the quality of life and reduces the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. The importance and benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in patients after a heart attack have been known for many years. Physiotherapists play a significant role in these activities, their work is related to helping patients in taking preventive measures - both from risk groups and after cardiac incidents.The role of the physiotherapist is also to persuade the patient to change their lifestyle.

Objective: Aim: to assess the functionality of mHealth apps with a Ukrainian interface and their compliance with personal data processing requirements.

Patients and methods: Matherials and Methods: we employed methods such as Overview, Data Retrieval and Analysis. The study is also based on overviewing and analyzing data of 40 mHealth apps.

Results: Results: a study of 40 Ukrainian-language mHealth apps was conducted: 27.5% work only on Android, 72.5% on Android and iOS. There were identified 24 functions, among which the most common are arranging an appointment with a doctor (in 17 apps), online doctor consultation (in 12 apps), searching and reserving medicines (in 12 apps). Only 20 apps have a privacy policy, but most do not provide sufficient details on data processing. Only 9 apps have requirements for user data deletion, and 12 have mechanisms for withdrawing consent to data processing.

Conclusion: Conclusions: as a result of the study, there were detected risks for users of mHealth apps due to insufficient transparency of privacy policies, the lack of precise mechanisms for transferring personal data to third parties, withdrawal of personal data processing consent, and data deletion requirements.

Objective: Aim: To investigate the morphology of the rat diaphragmatic pedicles in the normal state and to evaluate the changes that occur under modelled carboxyperitoneum of different durations.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on sexually mature rats of the reproductive period, housed in an accredited vivarium. The animals were divided into six groups: intact, control, and four main groups. In the main groups, carboxyperitoneum at standard pressure was modelled for one, three, and five hours.

Results: Results: The study of microdissections revealed the destruction of the basal membranes of muscle fibres, which, upon histological examination, appeared as a continuous, heterogeneous, structureless mass. The mass also contained single or grouped preserved pyknotic nuclei and macrophages. The muscle fibres were deformed and fragmented in large areas, and transverse striations were absent. The myofibrils were uncoiled and partially lysed or coagulated, acquiring an intense homogeneous eosinophilic colour. The nuclei in the areas of fibre lysis were absent. The capillaries present in the endomysium were full-blooded, while the arterioles in the perimysium contained plasma or a small number of erythrocytes.

Conclusion: Conclusions: The assessment of the intensity of the noted changes in the experimental groups with varying durations of carboxyperitoneum revealed a direct correlation between the observed histological changes and the duration of pneumoperitoneum, with notable implications for the morphology of the right and left crus of diaphragm.

Objective: Aim: To monitor peripheral hemodynamics in the upper and lower extremities of wrestlers practicing different wrestling styles to control adaptive changes in the body after a cycle of interval hypoxic training with intense physical activity.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The athletes trained intensively in a hypoxic chamber for 21 days, 2 hours a day. We monitored their ECG, heart rate, and central and peripheral hemodynamic parameters. The results obtained were processed using traditional methods of variation statistics in the Microsoft program Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, DC, USA). The arithmetic means, and the deviations (M + SE) were calculated as %. The significance of the difference in means was assessed using the Fisher and Student t-test.

Results: Results: Hypoxic training with varied loads using simulators and sparring resulted in the positive physiological adaptation of athletes. Interval hypoxic training for 120 minutes with an intense load and normoxic breaks at an O2 concentration of 14.2% to 12% effectively improved the hemodynamics of wrestlers. The changes affected all studied parameters of the cardiovascular system. Vascular reactions during muscular work were aimed at hydrodynamic optimization of the circulatory system. Complex changes in blood flow and elastic-viscous properties of blood vessels worked to optimize heart function during physical exercise. Higher elastic resistance of large arteries provided the necessary increase in blood flow rate in large, medium, and small arteries and veins.

Conclusion: Conclusions: These results justify using interval hypoxic training with physical activity to increase the functionality of the cardiovascular system, peripheral hemodynamics, and microvasculature in the body of athletes. Based on the above, we could recommend an intense hypoxic training cycle with physical activity in 24 120-minute workouts with a protein and vitamin food supplement to increase the wrestlers' cardiovascular system functional capacity.

Objective: Aim: To determine the dynamics of the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in blood serum under conditions of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), and skeletal trauma (ST), complicated by acute blood loss, after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: Under thiopental sodium anesthesia, male Wistar line rats were subjected to modeled TBI, BAT, and ST. In separate groups, acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight was additionally modeled. The content of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood serum was determined after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period.

Results: Results: Experimental traumas of various localizations were accompanied by a pronounced systemic pro-inflammatory reaction, manifested by a significant increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. The maximum of disturbances was observed in the early post-traumatic period, followed by a decrease, which only reached the control level in the case of TBI and ST. In conditions of BAT, the indicators were significantly higher compared to other localized traumas. When the modeled mechanical traumas of various localizations were complicated by acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight, the disturbances in the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the blood serum became greater. The TNF-α content in all experimental groups increased up to the 7-th day, remained at the same level up to day 14, and then decreased. The IL-1β content in blood serum reached its maximum as early as 1 day of the posttraumatic period and then decreased, but both indicators did not reach the control level by the 28-th day. In conditions of BAT, the indicator was significantly higher after 3-21 days of the post-traumatic period compared to other experimental groups.

Conclusion: Conclusions: Mechanical traumas of various localizations significantly differ in the nature of the manifestations of the systemic inflammatory reaction and react differently when complicated by acute blood loss. The greatest increase in the serum content of TNF-α and IL-1β is noted in conditions of blunt abdominal trauma.

Objective: Aim: To study the effects of short duration vitamin E supplementation (100 mg/day) on reproductive hormones disturbance estrogen, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The study included 40 women with ages ranged between 18-35 years; they were treated from infertility at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf City in Iraq between June 2023 and May 2024. Women participated in the study were divided into two groups: Group (A): was given vitamin E supplementation (100 mg/day) starting at the 4th day of menstruation; Group (B): was given vitamin E supplementation (100 mg/day) starting at the mid of menstruation (expected ovulation time). The hormonal measurements for (Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, estradiol and prolactin) were conducted by immunoassay (Cobas E 411).

Results: Results: The results revealed that there was a significant increase in blood level of E after treatment compared to their levels before treatment. The results also indicated that the levels of estradiol and Luteinizing Hormone have been elevated after intervention as compared to that before intervention.

Conclusion: Conclusions: It was concluded the complementation of vitamin E supplementation (100 mg/day) has a positive impact in the enhancement of female hormonal indicators (especially estradiol and Luteinizing Hormone) which may increase the efficiency of the therapeutic approaches of infertility. Early-cycle supplementation also resulted in higher estradiol (P=0.04) and luteinizing hormone levels (P=0.02) compared with mid-cycle supplementation, indicating increased hormonal activity.

Objective: Aim: The aim is to conduct medical and sociological research on public awareness of the impact of rational nutrition on promoting human health and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases.

Patients and methods: Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in 2022-2024 and involved 214 respondents of different ages and genders who were patients of outpatient clinics in Zhytomyr (Ukraine). Research methods included theoretical analysis of literary sources, medical and sociological (questionnaire), mathematical and statistical, system analysis, and logical generalization.

Results: Results: It has been found that less than a third of the surveyed population (31.0 %) is in good health; 26.0 % report chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, excretory, hepatobiliary, and endocrine systems; 12.1 % of the respondents each suffer from diabetes and obesity. Despite this, only 18.0 % of the respondents adhere to healthy eating habits, and more than half abuse junk food and violate their diet. It has also been found that 79.0 % of the respondents do not have sufficient information about healthy eating; 93.0 % expressed a desire to improve their knowledge of the basics of healthy eating.

Conclusion: Conclusions: It has been found that rational nutrition is the most important factor in the body's vital activity, which ensures human health and working capacity, the ability to withstand adverse environmental influences, and determines the quality and duration of life. The article substantiates a set of measures for organizing public health professionals' outreach and awareness-raising activities to promote public health and prevent chronic non-communicable diseases through dietary nutrition.

The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a significant research focus, providing deeper insights into trauma-related psychological disorders. PTSD often arises from chronic stress, a state in which the body struggles to adapt to overwhelming stimuli. Patients frequently experience persistent flashbacks (intrusive memories or sensory recollections of the traumatic event) and nightmares, which evoke intense emotional responses and disrupt daily life. These recurring episodes of stress and anxiety severely impact behavior and functioning. Understanding the brain changes associated with PTSD has become possible through advancements in MRI studies. This article aims to review the scientific literature on the use of magnetic resonance imaging techniques in diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder. The review is based on scientific literature from medical databases, including Web of Science and Scopus, covering publications up to October 30, 2024. The findings from this analysis may contribute to a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying PTSD.