Pub Date : 2016-04-28DOI: 10.1504/IJRM.2016.076185
Chung-Chu Liu, KAI-YIN Woo, Tai-Yuen Hon
Personality traits and risk preference behaviours have been the main subjects of behavioural finance. Our present study is to explore the relationship between the personality traits and investment risk preference. Questionnaire survey method is adopted to collect data and 600 valid samples are selected for the study. Also, the respondents come from Taiwan and Hong Kong, which allows us to test whether the differences in location of residence between these two regions can moderate the relationship. Our results show that investors personality traits have a significant relationship with their risk preferences. The evidence may help academics to integrate the role of personality traits into behavioural finance models, assist investors to recognise their risk preferences for making investment decisions, and facilitate finance professionals to design and recommend investment products for customers that match their risk preference characteristics with corresponding personality traits.
{"title":"The relationship between personality traits and investment risk preference","authors":"Chung-Chu Liu, KAI-YIN Woo, Tai-Yuen Hon","doi":"10.1504/IJRM.2016.076185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRM.2016.076185","url":null,"abstract":"Personality traits and risk preference behaviours have been the main subjects of behavioural finance. Our present study is to explore the relationship between the personality traits and investment risk preference. Questionnaire survey method is adopted to collect data and 600 valid samples are selected for the study. Also, the respondents come from Taiwan and Hong Kong, which allows us to test whether the differences in location of residence between these two regions can moderate the relationship. Our results show that investors personality traits have a significant relationship with their risk preferences. The evidence may help academics to integrate the role of personality traits into behavioural finance models, assist investors to recognise their risk preferences for making investment decisions, and facilitate finance professionals to design and recommend investment products for customers that match their risk preference characteristics with corresponding personality traits.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"9 1","pages":"57-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJRM.2016.076185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.073834
Patty Bick, Wen-Chyuan Chiang, S. Huang, Li Sun
In 2006, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB, 2006) issued Accounting Standards Codification No. 820 (ASC 820) requiring firms to prioritise the inputs used in fair value assessment by levels: from the most reliable (Level 1) to the least reliable (Level 3) inputs. This paper studies the relationship between responsible corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820. Consistent with the stakeholder theory, we find a positive (negative) relationship between responsible CSR activities and Levels 1 and 2 (Level 3) fair values, suggesting that firms with high levels of responsible CSR activities use more Levels 1 and 2 fair values and less Level 3 fair values. Additionally, we find that more able managers use more Level 3 fair values. However, more able managers in firms with higher levels of CSR activities reduce the use of Level 3 fair values. Overall, our results support the stakeholder theory of CSR.
{"title":"Corporate social responsibility and ASC 820 hierarchy: evidence from responsible CSR activities","authors":"Patty Bick, Wen-Chyuan Chiang, S. Huang, Li Sun","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.073834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073834","url":null,"abstract":"In 2006, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB, 2006) issued Accounting Standards Codification No. 820 (ASC 820) requiring firms to prioritise the inputs used in fair value assessment by levels: from the most reliable (Level 1) to the least reliable (Level 3) inputs. This paper studies the relationship between responsible corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820. Consistent with the stakeholder theory, we find a positive (negative) relationship between responsible CSR activities and Levels 1 and 2 (Level 3) fair values, suggesting that firms with high levels of responsible CSR activities use more Levels 1 and 2 fair values and less Level 3 fair values. Additionally, we find that more able managers use more Level 3 fair values. However, more able managers in firms with higher levels of CSR activities reduce the use of Level 3 fair values. Overall, our results support the stakeholder theory of CSR.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.073828
S. Mukhopadhyay, Huafan Ma
In this paper, we consider a supply chain with one original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and one retailer. The OEM can process both used and new parts for the production of new products. The yield of the used parts procured for remanufacturing is random. The OEM makes procurement and production decisions and the retailer makes ordering decisions based on their own cost/incentive structures. The two parties in the supply chain use either a push or a pull contract to trade with each other. We consider both short- and long-manufacturing lead times. We develop models to obtain their optimal policies for different scenarios depending on the contract type and the information the OEM has about the random yield rate. We compare the results of different scenarios and develop managerial insights. We also carry out numerical analysis and evaluate the supply chain performance.
{"title":"Remanufacturing decisions with uncertain demand and product return yield","authors":"S. Mukhopadhyay, Huafan Ma","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.073828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073828","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider a supply chain with one original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and one retailer. The OEM can process both used and new parts for the production of new products. The yield of the used parts procured for remanufacturing is random. The OEM makes procurement and production decisions and the retailer makes ordering decisions based on their own cost/incentive structures. The two parties in the supply chain use either a push or a pull contract to trade with each other. We consider both short- and long-manufacturing lead times. We develop models to obtain their optimal policies for different scenarios depending on the contract type and the information the OEM has about the random yield rate. We compare the results of different scenarios and develop managerial insights. We also carry out numerical analysis and evaluate the supply chain performance.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.073821
Xinhua Qiu, Zhen Wang
Government take of oil producing country can be enhanced by optimising the incentive mechanism of petroleum fiscal system. This paper establishes a principal-agent model to improve the production sharing contract (PSC), which is the most popular fiscal regime in hydrocarbon exploitation. It also conducts a numerical analysis to achieve the optimum fiscal design and applies the new model into a deep-water petroleum contract of China. The application results show that the expected income of host government increases by 18% compared with the old fiscal system.
{"title":"Study of optimum incentive mechanism based on principal-agent theory for petroleum licence","authors":"Xinhua Qiu, Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.073821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073821","url":null,"abstract":"Government take of oil producing country can be enhanced by optimising the incentive mechanism of petroleum fiscal system. This paper establishes a principal-agent model to improve the production sharing contract (PSC), which is the most popular fiscal regime in hydrocarbon exploitation. It also conducts a numerical analysis to achieve the optimum fiscal design and applies the new model into a deep-water petroleum contract of China. The application results show that the expected income of host government increases by 18% compared with the old fiscal system.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"12 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.073835
R. Cloutier, D. Xu
Dividends comprise a large portion of a stock's total return. Given the ageing of our population, the current low income environment, the lack of differential tax treatment of qualified dividends and capital gains, the demand for an efficient high income equity strategy has increased. We present a trading strategy combining high dividend paying stocks with low beta stocks that has provided better returns than the overall market with substantially lower systematic risk. In addition, this strategy provides better raw returns and higher Treynor and Sharpe ratios than the market during a period of rising interest rates, generally a period that does not support income sensitive assets.
{"title":"Creating a high dividend stock strategy while exploiting the low beta anomaly","authors":"R. Cloutier, D. Xu","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.073835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073835","url":null,"abstract":"Dividends comprise a large portion of a stock's total return. Given the ageing of our population, the current low income environment, the lack of differential tax treatment of qualified dividends and capital gains, the demand for an efficient high income equity strategy has increased. We present a trading strategy combining high dividend paying stocks with low beta stocks that has provided better returns than the overall market with substantially lower systematic risk. In addition, this strategy provides better raw returns and higher Treynor and Sharpe ratios than the market during a period of rising interest rates, generally a period that does not support income sensitive assets.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.073817
Gaganpreet Singh, N. Pandey
The buyers in the markets owing to the asymmetric information provide extra incentive to sellers for consistent supply of high quality products or services. Undoubtedly, improved quality is at an expense of higher economic cost. The incentive in the form of price differential that truly substantiates the worth or value of improved quality is referred to as price premium. Lately, the application of price premium had been on the rise. Sellers had been charging price premium because of both tangible and intangible benefits offered by them. With the increase in purchasing power of the people, buyers do not mind paying price differential for the products perceived to have differentiating value. The paper is an effort to synthesise various research studies published on price premium from a marketing perspective. The review is selective rather than exhaustive in terms of the topics covered. The review concludes 11 independent factors that influence price premium.
{"title":"Revisiting three decades of price premium research in marketing: a literature review","authors":"Gaganpreet Singh, N. Pandey","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.073817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073817","url":null,"abstract":"The buyers in the markets owing to the asymmetric information provide extra incentive to sellers for consistent supply of high quality products or services. Undoubtedly, improved quality is at an expense of higher economic cost. The incentive in the form of price differential that truly substantiates the worth or value of improved quality is referred to as price premium. Lately, the application of price premium had been on the rise. Sellers had been charging price premium because of both tangible and intangible benefits offered by them. With the increase in purchasing power of the people, buyers do not mind paying price differential for the products perceived to have differentiating value. The paper is an effort to synthesise various research studies published on price premium from a marketing perspective. The review is selective rather than exhaustive in terms of the topics covered. The review concludes 11 independent factors that influence price premium.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.073818
Dae-Wook Kim, M. Davison, Fredrik Ødegaard
How should gasoline retailers respond to other competing retailers and to changes in commodity gasoline prices to set their own prices over time? This question opens the door to an important discussion on price-setting strategies in the retail gasoline market. Retail gasoline price data, both panel and time series, is of great interest in the economic arena since it allows the testing of many theories about price formation, oligopolistic pricing, and consumer search. In this study, we present results from a unique new dataset, including daily sales, cost, and price data from 100 retail gasoline stations in a western European country. With this data, we empirically test various economic models to confirm, in full or in part, some earlier results based on North American data. We discuss a special case in which we empirically fit a model where retailers set prices partly in response to local competitors' prices.
{"title":"Do retailers set optimal prices in the case of the retail gasoline market","authors":"Dae-Wook Kim, M. Davison, Fredrik Ødegaard","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.073818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073818","url":null,"abstract":"How should gasoline retailers respond to other competing retailers and to changes in commodity gasoline prices to set their own prices over time? This question opens the door to an important discussion on price-setting strategies in the retail gasoline market. Retail gasoline price data, both panel and time series, is of great interest in the economic arena since it allows the testing of many theories about price formation, oligopolistic pricing, and consumer search. In this study, we present results from a unique new dataset, including daily sales, cost, and price data from 100 retail gasoline stations in a western European country. With this data, we empirically test various economic models to confirm, in full or in part, some earlier results based on North American data. We discuss a special case in which we empirically fit a model where retailers set prices partly in response to local competitors' prices.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.073818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.070000
Goutam Dutta, Divya Pachisia Marodia
In this paper, we make an attempt to compare various forecasting techniques to predict railway bookings for the final day of departure in the national railways of emerging Asian economy (NREAE). We use NREAE data of 2005-2008 for a particular railway route, apply time series [moving average, exponential smoothing and auto regressive integrative moving average, linear regression and revenue management techniques (additive, incremental and multiplicative pickup] to it and compare various methods. To make an efficient forecast over a booking horizon, we employ a weighted forecasting method (a blend of time series and revenue management forecasts) and find that it is successful in producing average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) less than 10% for all fare classes across all days of the week except one class. The advantage of the model is that it produces efficient forecasts by attaching different weights across the booking period.
{"title":"Comparison of forecasting techniques in revenue management for a national railway in an emerging Asian economy","authors":"Goutam Dutta, Divya Pachisia Marodia","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.070000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.070000","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we make an attempt to compare various forecasting techniques to predict railway bookings for the final day of departure in the national railways of emerging Asian economy (NREAE). We use NREAE data of 2005-2008 for a particular railway route, apply time series [moving average, exponential smoothing and auto regressive integrative moving average, linear regression and revenue management techniques (additive, incremental and multiplicative pickup] to it and compare various methods. To make an efficient forecast over a booking horizon, we employ a weighted forecasting method (a blend of time series and revenue management forecasts) and find that it is successful in producing average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) less than 10% for all fare classes across all days of the week except one class. The advantage of the model is that it produces efficient forecasts by attaching different weights across the booking period.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"8 1","pages":"130-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.070000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.070006
G. Demydyuk, H. Shawky, J. V. D. Rest, J. Adriaanse
This paper develops a market perspective on revenue management by directly linking risk-adjusted market performance of publicly traded restaurants to their revenue and activity-based operating indicators. The results show that higher customer traffic generated by a lower average customer check is a potential business model that leads to superior long-term risk-adjusted stock market performance. Operating profit per guest is also identified as a strong predictor of superior financial and stock market performance. The study contributes to a growing literature in restaurant revenue management that investigates the price-traffic relationship and its influence on financial performance in a multiunit restaurant context. Customer traffic is thereby identified as a key positive revenue and profit driver that is negatively impacted by a higher average guest check. The findings were consistent over all restaurant types (franchised/owned, full-service/quick-service, cuisine) as well as during the years of better and worse state of the economy.
{"title":"Key operating indicators to lever financial performance of publicly traded restaurant companies: a market's perspective from 2007-2011","authors":"G. Demydyuk, H. Shawky, J. V. D. Rest, J. Adriaanse","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.070006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.070006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a market perspective on revenue management by directly linking risk-adjusted market performance of publicly traded restaurants to their revenue and activity-based operating indicators. The results show that higher customer traffic generated by a lower average customer check is a potential business model that leads to superior long-term risk-adjusted stock market performance. Operating profit per guest is also identified as a strong predictor of superior financial and stock market performance. The study contributes to a growing literature in restaurant revenue management that investigates the price-traffic relationship and its influence on financial performance in a multiunit restaurant context. Customer traffic is thereby identified as a key positive revenue and profit driver that is negatively impacted by a higher average guest check. The findings were consistent over all restaurant types (franchised/owned, full-service/quick-service, cuisine) as well as during the years of better and worse state of the economy.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"8 1","pages":"165-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.070006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-24DOI: 10.1504/ijrm.2015.069999
S. A. Raza
Airlines have been utilising differentiated fare pricing for more than four decades as one of the widely used revenue management (RM) tool which mainly segments the cabin capacity into multiple fare classes often distinguished using fare prices. Studies have shown that there can be significant augmentation in revenues from differentiated pricing, however, most studies have assumed that the market segmentation is perfect and demands observed in the perfectly segmented markets using differentiated prices are deterministic. In perfect market segmentation, there is no demand leakage between the market segments, and therefore, customers do not cannibalise (move) between market segments. It is not uncommon to notice that the market segmentation is seldom prefect with no exceptions to airline industry. In the airline industry, passengers are expected to cannibalise between fare classes. This research addresses the issue of establishing an integrated framework to optimise differentiated fare prices, and seat inventory control for an airline which experiences demand leakage. Mathematical models are proposed for an airline which experiences the price dependent stochastic demand whose distribution is known, and for the situation when the distribution of the price dependent stochastic demand is unknown. We analyse the models to outline an integrated optimal control framework for differentiated fare pricing, and seat inventory control decisions for an airline that experiences the demand leakage between its fare classes. Numerical example shows that the proposed integrated framework significantly improves the revenue gains of an airline.
{"title":"Optimal fare price differentiation with demand leakage in airline industry","authors":"S. A. Raza","doi":"10.1504/ijrm.2015.069999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2015.069999","url":null,"abstract":"Airlines have been utilising differentiated fare pricing for more than four decades as one of the widely used revenue management (RM) tool which mainly segments the cabin capacity into multiple fare classes often distinguished using fare prices. Studies have shown that there can be significant augmentation in revenues from differentiated pricing, however, most studies have assumed that the market segmentation is perfect and demands observed in the perfectly segmented markets using differentiated prices are deterministic. In perfect market segmentation, there is no demand leakage between the market segments, and therefore, customers do not cannibalise (move) between market segments. It is not uncommon to notice that the market segmentation is seldom prefect with no exceptions to airline industry. In the airline industry, passengers are expected to cannibalise between fare classes. This research addresses the issue of establishing an integrated framework to optimise differentiated fare prices, and seat inventory control for an airline which experiences demand leakage. Mathematical models are proposed for an airline which experiences the price dependent stochastic demand whose distribution is known, and for the situation when the distribution of the price dependent stochastic demand is unknown. We analyse the models to outline an integrated optimal control framework for differentiated fare pricing, and seat inventory control decisions for an airline that experiences the demand leakage between its fare classes. Numerical example shows that the proposed integrated framework significantly improves the revenue gains of an airline.","PeriodicalId":39519,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Revenue Management","volume":"8 1","pages":"99-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijrm.2015.069999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66705840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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