Pub Date : 2020-07-08DOI: 10.1177/0146645320936626
{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0146645320936626","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0146645320936626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38133826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1177/0146645320916587
{"title":"ERRATUM.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0146645320916587","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0146645320916587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37803617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01Epub Date: 2020-07-14DOI: 10.1177/0146645320937495
Chinese Society for Radiation Protection Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety, Germany National Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, France Health Canada Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission American Academy of Health Physics Society for Radiological Protection, UK Radiation Effects Association, Japan International Radiation Protection Association American Association of Physicists in Medicine Dutch Society for Radiation Protection National Inspectorate for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection, Italy Canadian Radiation Protection Association Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Centre d’étude sur l’Evaluation de la Protection dans le domaine Nucléaire, France Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, Belgium Société Française de Radioprotection, France Medical Physics Association, Italy Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology, Italy Danish Society for Medical Physics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA International Organisation for Medical Physics Society for Radiation Protection, Israel EURAMED Nordic Society for Radiation Protection Nordic Nuclear Safety Research South African Association of Physicists in Medicine and Biology National Centre for Radiation Protection, Delft University, Netherlands Spanish Radiation Protection Society East Tennessee Chapter of the Health Physics Society, USA Spanish Society of Medical Physics Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine, UK Icelandic Radiation Safety Authority ENUSA Industria Avanzandas, Spain Australasian Radiation Protection Association South Pacific Environmental Radioactivity Association RP Alba Limited
{"title":"Chinese Institute for Radiation Protection European Commission UAE Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation US Department of Energy US Environmental Protection Agency.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0146645320937495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645320937495","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese Society for Radiation Protection Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety, Germany National Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, France Health Canada Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission American Academy of Health Physics Society for Radiological Protection, UK Radiation Effects Association, Japan International Radiation Protection Association American Association of Physicists in Medicine Dutch Society for Radiation Protection National Inspectorate for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection, Italy Canadian Radiation Protection Association Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency Centre d’étude sur l’Evaluation de la Protection dans le domaine Nucléaire, France Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, Belgium Société Française de Radioprotection, France Medical Physics Association, Italy Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology, Italy Danish Society for Medical Physics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA International Organisation for Medical Physics Society for Radiation Protection, Israel EURAMED Nordic Society for Radiation Protection Nordic Nuclear Safety Research South African Association of Physicists in Medicine and Biology National Centre for Radiation Protection, Delft University, Netherlands Spanish Radiation Protection Society East Tennessee Chapter of the Health Physics Society, USA Spanish Society of Medical Physics Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine, UK Icelandic Radiation Safety Authority ENUSA Industria Avanzandas, Spain Australasian Radiation Protection Association South Pacific Environmental Radioactivity Association RP Alba Limited","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645320937495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38153020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0146645320945216
{"title":"The Reference Computational Phantom Family.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0146645320945216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645320945216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645320945216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38541927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0146645320915031
W E Bolch, K Eckerman, A Endo, J G S Hunt, D W Jokisch, C H Kim, K-P Kim, C Lee, J Li, N Petoussi-Henss, T Sato, H Schlattl, Y S Yeom, M Zankl
An important new feature in the 2007 Recommendations was a change in the way that doses from internal and external sources of ionising radiation were calculated. Previously, relatively simple mathematical models of the human body were used to calculate how energy from exposure to radiation is deposited in the various organs and tissues. With Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), more sophisticated reference computational phantoms based on medical tomographic images replaced the simpler models.
{"title":"ICRP Publication 143: Paediatric Reference Computational Phantoms.","authors":"W E Bolch, K Eckerman, A Endo, J G S Hunt, D W Jokisch, C H Kim, K-P Kim, C Lee, J Li, N Petoussi-Henss, T Sato, H Schlattl, Y S Yeom, M Zankl","doi":"10.1177/0146645320915031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645320915031","url":null,"abstract":"An important new feature in the 2007 Recommendations was a change in the way that doses from internal and external sources of ionising radiation were calculated. Previously, relatively simple mathematical models of the human body were used to calculate how energy from exposure to radiation is deposited in the various organs and tissues. With Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), more sophisticated reference computational phantoms based on medical tomographic images replaced the simpler models.","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645320915031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38541924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0146645319874589
J-F Lecomte, P Shaw, A Liland, M Markkanen, P Egidi, S Andresz, J Mrdakovic-Popic, F Liu, D da Costa Lauria, H B Okyar, P P Haridasan, S Mundigl
The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance on radiological protection in industries involving naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). These industries may give rise to multiple hazards and the radiological hazard is not necessarily dominant. The industries are diverse and may involve exposure of people and the environment where protective actions need to be considered. In some cases, there is a potential for significant routine exposure of workers and members of the public if suitable control measures are not considered. Releases of large volumes of NORM may also result in detrimental effects on the environment from radiological and non-radiological constituents. However, NORM industries present no real prospect of a radiological emergency leading to tissue reactions or immediate danger for life. Radiological protection in industries involving NORM can be appropriately addressed on the basis of the principles of justification of the actions taken and optimisation of protection using reference levels. An integrated and graded approach is recommended for the protection of workers, the public, and the environment, where consideration of non-radiological hazards is integrated with radiological hazards, and the approach to protection is optimised (graded) so that the use of various radiological protection programme elements is consistent with the hazards while not imposing unnecessary burdens. For workers, the approach starts with characterisation of the exposure situation, and integration, as necessary, of specific radiological protective actions to complement the protection strategy already in place or planned to manage other workplace hazards. According to the characteristics of the exposure situation and the magnitude of the hazards, a relevant reference level should be selected and appropriate collective or individual protective actions taken. Exposure to radon is also treated using a graded approach, based first on application of typical radon prevention and mitigation techniques, as described in Publication 126. A similar approach should be implemented for public exposure through the control of discharges, wastes, and residues after characterisation of the situation. If the protection of non-human species is warranted, it should be dealt with after an assessment of radiological exposure appropriate for the circumstances, taking into account all hazards and impacts. This should include identification of exposed organisms in the environment, and use relevant derived consideration reference levels to inform decisions on options for control of exposure.
{"title":"ICRP Publication 142: Radiological Protection from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Industrial Processes.","authors":"J-F Lecomte, P Shaw, A Liland, M Markkanen, P Egidi, S Andresz, J Mrdakovic-Popic, F Liu, D da Costa Lauria, H B Okyar, P P Haridasan, S Mundigl","doi":"10.1177/0146645319874589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645319874589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this publication is to provide guidance on\u0000 radiological protection in industries involving naturally occurring radioactive material\u0000 (NORM). These industries may give rise to multiple hazards and the radiological hazard is\u0000 not necessarily dominant. The industries are diverse and may involve exposure of people and\u0000 the environment where protective actions need to be considered. In some cases, there is a\u0000 potential for significant routine exposure of workers and members of the public if suitable\u0000 control measures are not considered. Releases of large volumes of NORM may also result in\u0000 detrimental effects on the environment from radiological and non-radiological constituents.\u0000 However, NORM industries present no real prospect of a radiological emergency leading to\u0000 tissue reactions or immediate danger for life. Radiological protection in industries\u0000 involving NORM can be appropriately addressed on the basis of the principles of\u0000 justification of the actions taken and optimisation of protection using reference levels. An\u0000 integrated and graded approach is recommended for the protection of workers, the public, and\u0000 the environment, where consideration of non-radiological hazards is integrated with\u0000 radiological hazards, and the approach to protection is optimised (graded) so that the use\u0000 of various radiological protection programme elements is consistent with the hazards while\u0000 not imposing unnecessary burdens. For workers, the approach starts with characterisation of\u0000 the exposure situation, and integration, as necessary, of specific radiological protective\u0000 actions to complement the protection strategy already in place or planned to manage other\u0000 workplace hazards. According to the characteristics of the exposure situation and the\u0000 magnitude of the hazards, a relevant reference level should be selected and appropriate\u0000 collective or individual protective actions taken. Exposure to radon is also treated using a\u0000 graded approach, based first on application of typical radon prevention and mitigation\u0000 techniques, as described in <italic>Publication 126</italic>. A similar approach should be\u0000 implemented for public exposure through the control of discharges, wastes, and residues\u0000 after characterisation of the situation. If the protection of non-human species is\u0000 warranted, it should be dealt with after an assessment of radiological exposure appropriate\u0000 for the circumstances, taking into account all hazards and impacts. This should include\u0000 identification of exposed organisms in the environment, and use relevant derived\u0000 consideration reference levels to inform decisions on options for control of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645319874589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37475938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01Epub Date: 2018-07-04DOI: 10.1177/0146645318787612
Corrigendum to ICRP Publication 137: Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 3. [Ann. ICRP 46(3/4), 2017]. DOI: 10.1177/0146645317734963 . The following errors have been identified. ICRP apologises for any inconvenience or confusion caused by these errors. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text].
{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0146645318787612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645318787612","url":null,"abstract":"Corrigendum to ICRP Publication 137: Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 3. [Ann. ICRP 46(3/4), 2017]. DOI: 10.1177/0146645317734963 . The following errors have been identified. ICRP apologises for any inconvenience or confusion caused by these errors. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text].","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645318787612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36283930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0146645319834139
F Paquet, M R Bailey, R W Leggett, G Etherington, E Blanchardon, T Smith, G Ratia, D Melo, T P Fell, V Berkovski, J D Harrison
The 2007 Recommendations (ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect the calculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of the dose coefficients for internal exposure, published previously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979a,b, 1980a, 1981, 1988) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994b). In addition, new data are now available that support an update of the radionuclide-specific information given in Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1989a, 1997) for the design of monitoring programmes and retrospective assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring methods, and bioassay data was performed by Committee 2 and its task groups. A new series, the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54, 68, and 78. OIR Part 1 (ICRP, 2015) describes the assessment of internal occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetric models, methods of individual and workplace monitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose assessment. OIR Part 2 (ICRP, 2016), OIR Part 3 (ICRP, 2017), this current publication, and the final publication in the OIR series (OIR Part 5) provide data on individual elements and their radioisotopes, including information on chemical forms encountered in the workplace; a list of principal radioisotopes and their physical half-lives and decay modes; the parameter values of the reference biokinetic models; and data on monitoring techniques for the radioisotopes most commonly encountered in workplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion, and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most of the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed publications of the OIR series include tables of committed effective dose per intake (Sv per Bq intake) for inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed effective dose per content (Sv per Bq measurement) for inhalation, and graphs of retention and excretion data per Bq intake for inhalation. These data are provided for all absorption types and for the most common isotope(s) of each element. The online electronic files that accompany the OIR series of publications contains a comprehensive set of committed effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed effective dose per content functions, and reference bioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation, ingestion, and direct input to blood. This fourth publication in the OIR series provides the above data for the following elements: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), actinium (Ac), protactinium (Pa), neptunium (Np), plutonium (Pu), americium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), and fermium (Fm).
{"title":"ICRP Publication 141: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 4.","authors":"F Paquet, M R Bailey, R W Leggett, G Etherington, E Blanchardon, T Smith, G Ratia, D Melo, T P Fell, V Berkovski, J D Harrison","doi":"10.1177/0146645319834139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645319834139","url":null,"abstract":"The 2007 Recommendations (ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect the calculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of the dose coefficients for internal exposure, published previously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979a,b, 1980a, 1981, 1988) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994b). In addition, new data are now available that support an update of the radionuclide-specific information given in Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1989a, 1997) for the design of monitoring programmes and retrospective assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring methods, and bioassay data was performed by Committee 2 and its task groups. A new series, the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54, 68, and 78. OIR Part 1 (ICRP, 2015) describes the assessment of internal occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetric models, methods of individual and workplace monitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose assessment. OIR Part 2 (ICRP, 2016), OIR Part 3 (ICRP, 2017), this current publication, and the final publication in the OIR series (OIR Part 5) provide data on individual elements and their radioisotopes, including information on chemical forms encountered in the workplace; a list of principal radioisotopes and their physical half-lives and decay modes; the parameter values of the reference biokinetic models; and data on monitoring techniques for the radioisotopes most commonly encountered in workplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion, and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most of the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed publications of the OIR series include tables of committed effective dose per intake (Sv per Bq intake) for inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed effective dose per content (Sv per Bq measurement) for inhalation, and graphs of retention and excretion data per Bq intake for inhalation. These data are provided for all absorption types and for the most common isotope(s) of each element. The online electronic files that accompany the OIR series of publications contains a comprehensive set of committed effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed effective dose per content functions, and reference bioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation, ingestion, and direct input to blood. This fourth publication in the OIR series provides the above data for the following elements: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), actinium (Ac), protactinium (Pa), neptunium (Np), plutonium (Pu), americium (Am), curium (Cm), berkelium (Bk), californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), and fermium (Fm).","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645319834139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37469373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0146645319860190
{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0146645319860190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146645319860190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39551,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the ICRP","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0146645319860190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37469374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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