Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/32780
Vignesh R B, Vinay R, Venaktesh H, Y. Shariff, Vijee Kumar
This paper presents the development of the concept of automating the process of feeding the rocker arm bearing shafts into the hardness testing equipment. The present system used in industry for feeding is a manual feeding of the rocker arm bearing shafts (RABS) into the hardness testing equipment. A labourer feeds each and every component by hand, picking up 10-15 components at a time and then feeds it into the hardness testing equipment one by one. The eddy current principle is used here to check the hardness of the component. Hardness testing of components is done to ensure the rocker arm bearing shafts meet the hardness standard to ensure that it works for the designed purpose without any failure. The proposed system is an automated process. Suitable mechanical and electronic components are used to achieve automation and a finalized concept was generated. The proposed system consists of an automatic vibratory feeder bowl, a pneumatic double acting cylinder and proximity sensors. When the components are placed in the vibratory bowl due to the action of the feeder the components get stacked up then moves through a chute and then it will be pushed into the hardness testing equipment with the help of a double acting cylinder. The sensors are used to monitor and control the feeding process.
{"title":"Automatic Feeder for Hardness Testing Equipment","authors":"Vignesh R B, Vinay R, Venaktesh H, Y. Shariff, Vijee Kumar","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/32780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/32780","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of the concept of automating the process of feeding the rocker arm bearing shafts into the hardness testing equipment. The present system used in industry for feeding is a manual feeding of the rocker arm bearing shafts (RABS) into the hardness testing equipment. A labourer feeds each and every component by hand, picking up 10-15 components at a time and then feeds it into the hardness testing equipment one by one. The eddy current principle is used here to check the hardness of the component. Hardness testing of components is done to ensure the rocker arm bearing shafts meet the hardness standard to ensure that it works for the designed purpose without any failure. The proposed system is an automated process. Suitable mechanical and electronic components are used to achieve automation and a finalized concept was generated. The proposed system consists of an automatic vibratory feeder bowl, a pneumatic double acting cylinder and proximity sensors. When the components are placed in the vibratory bowl due to the action of the feeder the components get stacked up then moves through a chute and then it will be pushed into the hardness testing equipment with the help of a double acting cylinder. The sensors are used to monitor and control the feeding process.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43714645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/32783
Tejas R, Niranjan Hiremath, K. Narayanaswamy
The filter is developed by placing the filter media in between the inner surface and the outer surface of the stainless steel fabrication. Then the study on the compressed coming out of the filter is tested and analysis is made by two methods. In experimental method, the analysis done for the output compressed air which is passed through the 5HP compressor and the pressure gauge which is placed on either side of the filter. The survey is also conducted to check the life span of the filter. In analytical method the results are obtained for the ANYSYS ICEPAK and ANSYS space claim software. Then the results of both methods are compared and the results are concluded
{"title":"Numerical Studies of Air Flow Analysis in Compressed Air Filters","authors":"Tejas R, Niranjan Hiremath, K. Narayanaswamy","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/32783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/32783","url":null,"abstract":"The filter is developed by placing the filter media in between the inner surface and the outer surface of the stainless steel fabrication. Then the study on the compressed coming out of the filter is tested and analysis is made by two methods. In experimental method, the analysis done for the output compressed air which is passed through the 5HP compressor and the pressure gauge which is placed on either side of the filter. The survey is also conducted to check the life span of the filter. In analytical method the results are obtained for the ANYSYS ICEPAK and ANSYS space claim software. Then the results of both methods are compared and the results are concluded","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48729429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/32776
Yogesh Shankar R.P, P. D
In the current work, computational study has been carrying out on the both baseline serpentine duct to know the flow behaviour and baseline with vortex generator to know the effect of vortex generators on the flow properties of the duct. A set of vortex generators are chosen for the study, by keeping all other parameters constant. Here in current work, for modelling the duct and vortex generator CATIA V5 is used; to discretizing the geometry ICEM CFD is used. For the analysis, the computational fluid dynamics tool FLUENT is used, SST k-ù model available in the FLUENT is used for the computations, and the results of current work will be validated with experimental results and shows that they are converged. Use of vortex generator in the current work proved extremely effective in enforcing the active flow control. Results obtained in this work are to study the pressure recovery at the engine face. The results ensure that the current work on the baseline model of serpentine inlet duct and model with vortex generator comparison is well established in case of pressure recovery and decrease in engine face distortion. After comparing the result of both baseline duct and duct with vortex generator we are expecting at least 25-35% of pressure recovery at the engine face. In the present study significant improvements characterized by an improved pressure recovery and decrease in distortion are observed over the baseline model of serpentine duct for vortex generator model. This reduction in pressure loss and distortion enhances the engine performance of thrust and also improves the overall performance of the engine.
{"title":"Design and Numerical Study of Serpentine Duct using Flow Controllers for Flow Characteristics Enhancement","authors":"Yogesh Shankar R.P, P. D","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/32776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/32776","url":null,"abstract":"In the current work, computational study has been carrying out on the both baseline serpentine duct to know the flow behaviour and baseline with vortex generator to know the effect of vortex generators on the flow properties of the duct. A set of vortex generators are chosen for the study, by keeping all other parameters constant. Here in current work, for modelling the duct and vortex generator CATIA V5 is used; to discretizing the geometry ICEM CFD is used. For the analysis, the computational fluid dynamics tool FLUENT is used, SST k-ù model available in the FLUENT is used for the computations, and the results of current work will be validated with experimental results and shows that they are converged. Use of vortex generator in the current work proved extremely effective in enforcing the active flow control. Results obtained in this work are to study the pressure recovery at the engine face. The results ensure that the current work on the baseline model of serpentine inlet duct and model with vortex generator comparison is well established in case of pressure recovery and decrease in engine face distortion. After comparing the result of both baseline duct and duct with vortex generator we are expecting at least 25-35% of pressure recovery at the engine face. In the present study significant improvements characterized by an improved pressure recovery and decrease in distortion are observed over the baseline model of serpentine duct for vortex generator model. This reduction in pressure loss and distortion enhances the engine performance of thrust and also improves the overall performance of the engine.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46233901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/31238
Sachin Prabha, Dattatray G.B.
The present study deals with the preparation of polymer matrix composites with polyester resin as matrix and hemp as reinforced material and calcium silicate as filler particles’. The calcium silicate is available in powder form and it is known that, filler particle increases the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites. In this project work the different percentage of calcium silicate is added in polyester resin to improve its hardness, strength and also mechanical properties of polyester resin. The objective of this project is to prepare PMCs using calcium silicate, hemp fibre and polyester resin using hand lay-up technique as per ASTM standards. In this project work, PMCs are prepared by varying three composition i.e. 2% CaSiO 3 + 5% hemp, and 93% polyester resin, 4% CaSiO3, 10% hemp and 86% polyester resin and 6% CaSiO 3, 15% hemp and 79% polyester resin. The experimental test will be carried on prepared PMCs and find out the different mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength, compression strength, flexural strength and also to study the dynamic behaviour of PMCs by using damping test with experimental set up.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Polymer Matrix Composites using Polyester, HEMP and Calcium Silicate.","authors":"Sachin Prabha, Dattatray G.B.","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/31238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/31238","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with the preparation of polymer matrix composites with polyester resin as matrix and hemp as reinforced material and calcium silicate as filler particles’. The calcium silicate is available in powder form and it is known that, filler particle increases the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites. In this project work the different percentage of calcium silicate is added in polyester resin to improve its hardness, strength and also mechanical properties of polyester resin. The objective of this project is to prepare PMCs using calcium silicate, hemp fibre and polyester resin using hand lay-up technique as per ASTM standards. In this project work, PMCs are prepared by varying three composition i.e. 2% CaSiO 3 + 5% hemp, and 93% polyester resin, 4% CaSiO3, 10% hemp and 86% polyester resin and 6% CaSiO 3, 15% hemp and 79% polyester resin. The experimental test will be carried on prepared PMCs and find out the different mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength, compression strength, flexural strength and also to study the dynamic behaviour of PMCs by using damping test with experimental set up.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135748167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/31053
Nikhil Rangaswamy, S. S, S. Avadhani, M. G A
The study of the behaviour of a broken structure or component under service conditions is known as fracture mechanics. Impurities, uneven curing, holes and notches are all sources of fractures. Cracks are common local discontinuities in materials caused by a variety of factors. Such discontinuities cause the structure's rigidity and consequently load bearing capability to deteriorate. It is known that for the crack to propagate, the stress in the locale of the crack tip should reach the critical value. Once stress level is critical, the crack propagates and leads to failure of the structure. A segment of the crack is divided into three modes namely Mode I (Opening mode), Mode II (sliding mode), Mode III (tearing mode). The current study presents a computational and experimental study on fractography and notch sensitivity evaluation in glass-fiber-reinforced-laminate under quasi-static load. For both numerical and experimental damage assessments, three volume fractions of glass and resin plies (50/50, 60/40, and 70/30) have been used. The fracture toughness investigation was carried out in accordance with ASTM standards, utilising a universal testing equipment. The numerical study is conducted out using the J-integral approach. The fracture toughness increases with resin content and is determined by the ductility of the plastic zone surrounding the crack tip. Within an acceptable range, the numerical findings are equivalent to the experimental values. When compared to the other modes, Mode 1 is the fatal. The mode I fracture toughness of several materials is evaluated experimentally and compared in this study.
{"title":"Evaluation and Comparison of Fracture Toughness of Glass Fibre Reinforce Composites","authors":"Nikhil Rangaswamy, S. S, S. Avadhani, M. G A","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/31053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/31053","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the behaviour of a broken structure or component under service conditions is known as fracture mechanics. Impurities, uneven curing, holes and notches are all sources of fractures. Cracks are common local discontinuities in materials caused by a variety of factors. Such discontinuities cause the structure's rigidity and consequently load bearing capability to deteriorate. It is known that for the crack to propagate, the stress in the locale of the crack tip should reach the critical value. Once stress level is critical, the crack propagates and leads to failure of the structure. A segment of the crack is divided into three modes namely Mode I (Opening mode), Mode II (sliding mode), Mode III (tearing mode). The current study presents a computational and experimental study on fractography and notch sensitivity evaluation in glass-fiber-reinforced-laminate under quasi-static load. For both numerical and experimental damage assessments, three volume fractions of glass and resin plies (50/50, 60/40, and 70/30) have been used. The fracture toughness investigation was carried out in accordance with ASTM standards, utilising a universal testing equipment. The numerical study is conducted out using the J-integral approach. The fracture toughness increases with resin content and is determined by the ductility of the plastic zone surrounding the crack tip. Within an acceptable range, the numerical findings are equivalent to the experimental values. When compared to the other modes, Mode 1 is the fatal. The mode I fracture toughness of several materials is evaluated experimentally and compared in this study.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45348032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/32937
Manjunatha G, H. C. Chittappa, Dilip Kumar K
In large- or small-scale industries, machines have rotary element supported by bearings for accurate drive and fixed support. Fault diagnosis has gained much importance in recent times due to increased bearing failures. This demands an efficient diagnosis methodology to detect faults in bearings. In this work, fault diagnosis for the acquired vibration signals of healthy and fault seeded in rolling element bearings were investigated using signal processing technique and online machine learning approach. The research work is carried out in two phases. The first phase of research work investigates fault detection of bearing using conventional signal processing techniques such as time domain analysis and spectrum analysis. The results show that signal processing techniques may be useful for revealing post fault detection information. It was also concluded that the use of different signal processing techniques is often necessary to achieve meaningful diagnostic information from the signals. The second phase of research work describes fault diagnosis of bearing using machine learning approach. Using MATLAB, Discrete Wavelet Features (DWT), were extracted from acquired signals for different rolling element bearing conditions. J48 algorithm was implemented to extract most significant features. Extracted features were used as input to different classifiers to obtain maximum classification accuracy of rolling element bearings. The results showed that machine learning technique could be used to detect and classify the different fault sizes effectively with vibration signals.
{"title":"Fault Detection of Bearing using Signal Processing Technique and Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Manjunatha G, H. C. Chittappa, Dilip Kumar K","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/32937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/32937","url":null,"abstract":"In large- or small-scale industries, machines have rotary element supported by bearings for accurate drive and fixed support. Fault diagnosis has gained much importance in recent times due to increased bearing failures. This demands an efficient diagnosis methodology to detect faults in bearings. In this work, fault diagnosis for the acquired vibration signals of healthy and fault seeded in rolling element bearings were investigated using signal processing technique and online machine learning approach. The research work is carried out in two phases. The first phase of research work investigates fault detection of bearing using conventional signal processing techniques such as time domain analysis and spectrum analysis. The results show that signal processing techniques may be useful for revealing post fault detection information. It was also concluded that the use of different signal processing techniques is often necessary to achieve meaningful diagnostic information from the signals. The second phase of research work describes fault diagnosis of bearing using machine learning approach. Using MATLAB, Discrete Wavelet Features (DWT), were extracted from acquired signals for different rolling element bearing conditions. J48 algorithm was implemented to extract most significant features. Extracted features were used as input to different classifiers to obtain maximum classification accuracy of rolling element bearings. The results showed that machine learning technique could be used to detect and classify the different fault sizes effectively with vibration signals.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45375280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/31041
Rachepalli Nochitha, P. Kataraki, Dharshan K, A. F. Zubair, Ayub Ahmed Janvekar
In the present work, an attempt has been made to synthesize metal matrix composite using Al2024 as matrix material with Si3N4 particulates and K2TiF6 reinforcement using liquid metallurgy route in particular stir casting technique. The addition level of reinforcement is being varied from 4-8% in steps of 4 wt%. For each composite, reinforcement particles were preheated to a temperature of 500ºC and then dispersed in steps of three into the vortex of molten Al2024 alloy rather than introducing all at once, there by trying to improve wettability and distribution. Microstructural characterization was carried out for the above prepared composites by taking specimens from central portion of the casting by microstructural studies and SEM analysis. Tensile, Impact, and Fatigue properties of the prepared composite were studied before and after addition of Al2024 particulates to note the extent of improvement. Microstructural characterization of the composites has revealed fairly uniform distribution of Si3N4 particulates and some amount of grain refinement in the specimens. SEM analysis revealed the presence of Si3N4 and other phases. Further, the Tensile and Impact strength of the composite found increased with increased filler content.
{"title":"Analysis of Connecting Rod Made by Using Micro Si3N4 Particulates Reinforced with Al2024 Alloy","authors":"Rachepalli Nochitha, P. Kataraki, Dharshan K, A. F. Zubair, Ayub Ahmed Janvekar","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/31041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/31041","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, an attempt has been made to synthesize metal matrix composite using Al2024 as matrix material with Si3N4 particulates and K2TiF6 reinforcement using liquid metallurgy route in particular stir casting technique. The addition level of reinforcement is being varied from 4-8% in steps of 4 wt%. For each composite, reinforcement particles were preheated to a temperature of 500ºC and then dispersed in steps of three into the vortex of molten Al2024 alloy rather than introducing all at once, there by trying to improve wettability and distribution. Microstructural characterization was carried out for the above prepared composites by taking specimens from central portion of the casting by microstructural studies and SEM analysis. Tensile, Impact, and Fatigue properties of the prepared composite were studied before and after addition of Al2024 particulates to note the extent of improvement. Microstructural characterization of the composites has revealed fairly uniform distribution of Si3N4 particulates and some amount of grain refinement in the specimens. SEM analysis revealed the presence of Si3N4 and other phases. Further, the Tensile and Impact strength of the composite found increased with increased filler content.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49005115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/31214
T. Prabaharan, M.B.S. Sreekara Reddy, A. Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin, Ramanan, Pothamsetty Kasi V, Jenaris
Friction stir welding is a brand-new welding technique that was discovered in 1991 by Wayne Thomas in United Kingdom. It is a form of solid state welding in which a non-consumable electrode is used to unite two work components without melting either of them. The mechanical characteristics and numerous microscopic studies of materials used for friction stir welding, such as duplex stainless steel UNS S31803, SA 213 tube to SA387, Al7075 alloy, and AA6061 metal, are reviewed. Here, welded areas were the primary focus of the microscopic study, and the diverse outcomes are also discussed.
{"title":"Strain-Cum-Deformation Analysis of Friction Stir Welded AA5052 and AA6061 Samples with Microstructural Analysis","authors":"T. Prabaharan, M.B.S. Sreekara Reddy, A. Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin, Ramanan, Pothamsetty Kasi V, Jenaris","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/31214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/31214","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir welding is a brand-new welding technique that was discovered in 1991 by Wayne Thomas in United Kingdom. It is a form of solid state welding in which a non-consumable electrode is used to unite two work components without melting either of them. The mechanical characteristics and numerous microscopic studies of materials used for friction stir welding, such as duplex stainless steel UNS S31803, SA 213 tube to SA387, Al7075 alloy, and AA6061 metal, are reviewed. Here, welded areas were the primary focus of the microscopic study, and the diverse outcomes are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42601581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/31243
C. Ramesha, Chandan B R, M. K. N., A. T., Sharan Raj
In the present study, medium carbon low alloy (MCLA) steels like AISI 5140 (EN18) and AISI 4140 (EN19) are treated in different quenching media under solutionizing temperature of 855°C. Quenched in SAE 250 oil, polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10% and 30%), and water. The quenched samples are step-tempered at 575°C and at 220°C sequentially with 60 minute soaking time. BHN, YS, UTS and tensile toughness are determined for the untreated and heat-treated samples. It is found that there is an excellent correlation, with correlation coefficients of 0.97. The standard generalized equation for these two steels are established. Tensile toughness = 19000 + 12 BHN- 215 El. The study revealed that the PEG is better in terms of cost, fire-resistant and biodegradable. 30% polymer quenched samples result in better tensile toughness properties as compared to 10% polymer quenched samples.
{"title":"Effect of Polymer Quenchants on the Toughness and Hardness of Different Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steels.","authors":"C. Ramesha, Chandan B R, M. K. N., A. T., Sharan Raj","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/31243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/31243","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, medium carbon low alloy (MCLA) steels like AISI 5140 (EN18) and AISI 4140 (EN19) are treated in different quenching media under solutionizing temperature of 855°C. Quenched in SAE 250 oil, polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10% and 30%), and water. The quenched samples are step-tempered at 575°C and at 220°C sequentially with 60 minute soaking time. BHN, YS, UTS and tensile toughness are determined for the untreated and heat-treated samples. It is found that there is an excellent correlation, with correlation coefficients of 0.97. The standard generalized equation for these two steels are established. Tensile toughness = 19000 + 12 BHN- 215 El. The study revealed that the PEG is better in terms of cost, fire-resistant and biodegradable. 30% polymer quenched samples result in better tensile toughness properties as compared to 10% polymer quenched samples.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2022/31237
V. N, S. Sangashetty, NR Banapurmath Math, A. H, V. R
With the rise in fossil fuel consumption rate, depletion in reserves and stringent pollution norms resulted in search of renewable and carbon neutral fuel. Ethanol is one such fuel that can be obtained from various feedstock’s including grains and green matter with high starch and sugar content such as corn, sugar cane and sugar beets. Even castor oil methyl esters which is non-edible in nature also fulfils the requirement of fuel for internal combustion engine. The traditional experimental scheme requires more time for optimization and extensive experiments need to perform as it is possible to vary only one parameter at a time. This also result in increase in cost and it doesn’t provide interactive effect among the chosen variables. Mathematical models of Taguchi method using design of experiments (DOE) provide good results. By using DOE, Taguchi L27 orthogonal array is considered. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Regression Equation and signal-to-noise (S/ N) ratio are obtained to predict the optimal parameters and to evaluate the influence of significant conditions on performance, emission and combustion characteristics. It is observed from the experiments that ethanol blend percentage and EGR influences on the output parameters.
{"title":"To Study the Influence of Ethanol and EGR on Engine Performance and Emissions by the Integration of Taguchi and RSM for an Engine Fuelled with CAOME.","authors":"V. N, S. Sangashetty, NR Banapurmath Math, A. H, V. R","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2022/31237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/31237","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise in fossil fuel consumption rate, depletion in reserves and stringent pollution norms resulted in search of renewable and carbon neutral fuel. Ethanol is one such fuel that can be obtained from various feedstock’s including grains and green matter with high starch and sugar content such as corn, sugar cane and sugar beets. Even castor oil methyl esters which is non-edible in nature also fulfils the requirement of fuel for internal combustion engine. The traditional experimental scheme requires more time for optimization and extensive experiments need to perform as it is possible to vary only one parameter at a time. This also result in increase in cost and it doesn’t provide interactive effect among the chosen variables. Mathematical models of Taguchi method using design of experiments (DOE) provide good results. By using DOE, Taguchi L27 orthogonal array is considered. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Regression Equation and signal-to-noise (S/ N) ratio are obtained to predict the optimal parameters and to evaluate the influence of significant conditions on performance, emission and combustion characteristics. It is observed from the experiments that ethanol blend percentage and EGR influences on the output parameters.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46245655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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