Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44195
Praveen Harkawat
As per Nature1 , AI may act as an enabler on 134 targets (79%) across all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), generally through technological improvement and by putting the right processes in place to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, certifications, and standards. As the sustainability and green tech market2 is expected to grow at 21% CAGR and will reach $73 billion by 2023, it's the best time for IT and Engineering R&D (ERD) companies to strengthen their internal processes to ensure that mining customers are served in a better way. The mining solutions are driven by tightening regulations, shifting customer preferences, and higher compliance requirements. Mining companies must act on many fronts, changing supply networks, manufacturing processes, and business models. Companies are also rethinking how their products are designed, engineered, and used, looking for ways to meet performance and quality requirements while using fewer resources across the full life cycle of everything they make/implement/use. India is a leading software exporter, and many companies are supporting global mining customers across the world. It’s now the right time for IT and ERD companies to ensure that mining customers are supported in this fast-changing business and regulatory environment. For sustainable product development/services, companies need to put a strong internal Quality Management System (QMS), ensuring better compliance and usage of AI/ML and tools and related standards/certifications. So, the researcher is proposing a conceptual integrated QMS to support sustainable product development/services which can be used by IT and ERD companies developing mining solutions. The proposed system will provide a high-level view of the required standards, procedures, guidelines, templates etc., which will be compliant with the global sustainability standards/certifications requirements.
根据《自然》杂志1 的报道，人工智能可在所有可持续发展目标（SDGs）中的 134 个目标（79%）中发挥促进作用，一般是通过技术改进和建立正确的流程来确保符合适用的法规、认证和标准。由于可持续发展和绿色技术市场2 预计将以 21% 的复合年增长率增长，到 2023 年将达到 730 亿美元，因此现在是 IT 和工程研发 (ERD) 公司加强内部流程，确保以更好的方式为采矿客户提供服务的最佳时机。矿业解决方案的驱动力来自于不断收紧的法规、客户偏好的转变以及更高的合规性要求。矿业公司必须在多方面采取行动，改变供应网络、生产流程和业务模式。公司也在重新思考产品的设计、工程和使用方式，寻找各种方法来满足性能和质量要求，同时在其制造/实施/使用的所有产品的整个生命周期中使用更少的资源。印度是领先的软件出口国，许多公司都在为全球矿业客户提供支持。现在正是 IT 和企业资源开发公司确保在瞬息万变的商业和监管环境中为矿业客户提供支持的大好时机。为了实现可持续的产品开发/服务，公司需要建立强大的内部质量管理体系（QMS），确保更好地遵守和使用人工智能/ML 和工具以及相关标准/认证。因此，研究人员提出了一个支持可持续产品开发/服务的概念性综合质量管理系统，可供开发采矿解决方案的 IT 和 ERD 公司使用。建议的系统将提供所需的标准、程序、指南、模板等的高级视图，这些都将符合全球可持续发展标准/认证要求。
{"title":"An Integrated Quality Management System (QMS) Combined with AI/ML Guidelines for the Design and Development of Sustainable Products and Services for IT and Engineering R&D Companies Providing Solutions to Global Mining Organizations","authors":"Praveen Harkawat","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44195","url":null,"abstract":"As per Nature1 , AI may act as an enabler on 134 targets (79%) across all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), generally through technological improvement and by putting the right processes in place to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, certifications, and standards. As the sustainability and green tech market2 is expected to grow at 21% CAGR and will reach $73 billion by 2023, it's the best time for IT and Engineering R&D (ERD) companies to strengthen their internal processes to ensure that mining customers are served in a better way. The mining solutions are driven by tightening regulations, shifting customer preferences, and higher compliance requirements. Mining companies must act on many fronts, changing supply networks, manufacturing processes, and business models. Companies are also rethinking how their products are designed, engineered, and used, looking for ways to meet performance and quality requirements while using fewer resources across the full life cycle of everything they make/implement/use. India is a leading software exporter, and many companies are supporting global mining customers across the world. It’s now the right time for IT and ERD companies to ensure that mining customers are supported in this fast-changing business and regulatory environment. For sustainable product development/services, companies need to put a strong internal Quality Management System (QMS), ensuring better compliance and usage of AI/ML and tools and related standards/certifications. So, the researcher is proposing a conceptual integrated QMS to support sustainable product development/services which can be used by IT and ERD companies developing mining solutions. The proposed system will provide a high-level view of the required standards, procedures, guidelines, templates etc., which will be compliant with the global sustainability standards/certifications requirements.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"18 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44015
Samuel Dayanand, B. Satish Babu, Aravinda Telagu, Basawaraj, S. Mukunda, Ankit Kumar Singh, Madeva Nagaral
The manufacturing sector perpetually seeks high-quality materials capable of meeting the requirements for enhanced mechanical properties, thereby enabling their widespread application across various industries. Integrating Carbon Fibers (CFs) into metal matrices has demonstrated significant efficacy in augmenting the comprehensive attributes of the resultant composites. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements and techniques involving the utilization of carbon fibers in conjunction with metal matrix material, aimed at augmenting a spectrum of mechanical attributes. Various methods used to synthesize carbon fiber reinforced metal composites have been discussed and summarized. Liquid metallurgy technique is playing important role in the fabrication of the carbon fiber reinforced metal composites.
{"title":"A Review on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites","authors":"Samuel Dayanand, B. Satish Babu, Aravinda Telagu, Basawaraj, S. Mukunda, Ankit Kumar Singh, Madeva Nagaral","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44015","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacturing sector perpetually seeks high-quality materials capable of meeting the requirements for enhanced mechanical properties, thereby enabling their widespread application across various industries. Integrating Carbon Fibers (CFs) into metal matrices has demonstrated significant efficacy in augmenting the comprehensive attributes of the resultant composites. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements and techniques involving the utilization of carbon fibers in conjunction with metal matrix material, aimed at augmenting a spectrum of mechanical attributes. Various methods used to synthesize carbon fiber reinforced metal composites have been discussed and summarized. Liquid metallurgy technique is playing important role in the fabrication of the carbon fiber reinforced metal composites.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"66 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44685
J. John Gladious, S. Abishek, T. Prashanth, B. Praveen, Earnest R. Kirubagaran
The main objective of this study was to investigate the underlying factors contributing to unsafe behavior among machinery operators through questionnaires distributed among a sample of 48 operators. Data analysis conducted via SPSS software and Spearman analysis revealed several key contributors to unsafe behavior. These factors encompassed demographical aspects (such as age and educational background), job-related stress, dissatisfaction at work, social support, and the impact of addictive behaviors. Spearman correlation analysis further elucidated the interconnectedness among these variables offering insights valuable in mitigating unsafe behaviors.
{"title":"A Case Study on the Mining Accidents Due to Unsafe Behaviour of Machinery Operators","authors":"J. John Gladious, S. Abishek, T. Prashanth, B. Praveen, Earnest R. Kirubagaran","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44685","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to investigate the underlying factors contributing to unsafe behavior among machinery operators through questionnaires distributed among a sample of 48 operators. Data analysis conducted via SPSS software and Spearman analysis revealed several key contributors to unsafe behavior. These factors encompassed demographical aspects (such as age and educational background), job-related stress, dissatisfaction at work, social support, and the impact of addictive behaviors. Spearman correlation analysis further elucidated the interconnectedness among these variables offering insights valuable in mitigating unsafe behaviors.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44511
Rohit Singh, R. Porwal, Vijay Verma
In this work, the effects of adding Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) along with leftover cooking oil on a diesel engine's efficiency, emissions, and combustion properties were studied. After TEM examination, using an ultrasonicator, the MWCNT was combined with biodiesel fuel made from leftover cooking oil at concentrations of 0 and 25, parts per million. A constant speed of 1500 rpm was used to test these blends while varying engine loads. The experimental results indicated that the cylinder peak pressure, peak pressure rise rate, and heat release rate were slightly lower when MWCNTs were added to WCO fuel compared to pure WCO fuel. The innovative fuel mix significantly decreased CO and BSFC. Not only that, but the specific fuel consumption was lower than with pure WCO fuel, and the brake thermal efficiency was significantly altered.25 ppm was found to be the proper dose level of MWCNTs with WCO fuel based on engine capability and pollutant comparisons. All engine performance metrics significantly increased as a result.
{"title":"Effects of CNT Nanoparticles' on the Performance and Emission Study of CI Engines Utilizing a Combination of Diesel and Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel","authors":"Rohit Singh, R. Porwal, Vijay Verma","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44511","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effects of adding Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) along with leftover cooking oil on a diesel engine's efficiency, emissions, and combustion properties were studied. After TEM examination, using an ultrasonicator, the MWCNT was combined with biodiesel fuel made from leftover cooking oil at concentrations of 0 and 25, parts per million. A constant speed of 1500 rpm was used to test these blends while varying engine loads. The experimental results indicated that the cylinder peak pressure, peak pressure rise rate, and heat release rate were slightly lower when MWCNTs were added to WCO fuel compared to pure WCO fuel. The innovative fuel mix significantly decreased CO and BSFC. Not only that, but the specific fuel consumption was lower than with pure WCO fuel, and the brake thermal efficiency was significantly altered.25 ppm was found to be the proper dose level of MWCNTs with WCO fuel based on engine capability and pollutant comparisons. All engine performance metrics significantly increased as a result.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/43879
Santosh Walke, M. Naniwadekar, Chetan M. Thakar, M. Mandake, Ravi W. Tapre, Sandhya D. Jadhav
Process optimization is an important area of research in the mining and metal industries. The application of mathematical models and optimization techniques has led to significant improvements in process efficiency, reduced operating costs, and improved product quality. The use of simulation tools has also allowed for the development of virtual plants that can be used to test different process scenarios and optimize plant performance. To completely reap the rewards of process optimisation, there are still several issues that need to be resolved. The integration of sustainability and environmental impact assessments into the optimisation process is one of the major issues. This necessitates the creation of models that can take the environmental impact of various process factors into consideration and enable process optimisation using environmental standards. The creation of more complicated mathematical models that can capture the intricate interconnections between various process factors presents another difficulty. Advanced machine learning and data analytics methods like neural networks and genetic algorithms must be used for this. Despite these challenges, the future of process optimization looks promising. Emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things and big data analytics, are opening up new opportunities for process optimization. The use of sensors and real-time data analytics can provide plant operators with the information they need to make real-time decisions and optimize plant performance. Process optimization is a critical area of research for the mining and metal industries. The use of mathematical models, optimization techniques, and simulation tools has led to significant improvements in process efficiency and product quality.
{"title":"Optimization of Chemical Engineering Processes in the Mining and Metal Industry","authors":"Santosh Walke, M. Naniwadekar, Chetan M. Thakar, M. Mandake, Ravi W. Tapre, Sandhya D. Jadhav","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/43879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/43879","url":null,"abstract":"Process optimization is an important area of research in the mining and metal industries. The application of mathematical models and optimization techniques has led to significant improvements in process efficiency, reduced operating costs, and improved product quality. The use of simulation tools has also allowed for the development of virtual plants that can be used to test different process scenarios and optimize plant performance. To completely reap the rewards of process optimisation, there are still several issues that need to be resolved. The integration of sustainability and environmental impact assessments into the optimisation process is one of the major issues. This necessitates the creation of models that can take the environmental impact of various process factors into consideration and enable process optimisation using environmental standards. The creation of more complicated mathematical models that can capture the intricate interconnections between various process factors presents another difficulty. Advanced machine learning and data analytics methods like neural networks and genetic algorithms must be used for this. Despite these challenges, the future of process optimization looks promising. Emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things and big data analytics, are opening up new opportunities for process optimization. The use of sensors and real-time data analytics can provide plant operators with the information they need to make real-time decisions and optimize plant performance. Process optimization is a critical area of research for the mining and metal industries. The use of mathematical models, optimization techniques, and simulation tools has led to significant improvements in process efficiency and product quality.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44224
J. John Gladious, S. Ajithraj, R. Arunkumar, N. Sridharan, K. Rajeshraj
The mining industry faces significant challenges when it comes to ensuring the safety and security of heavy-duty trucks operating outside the boundaries of the mine through remote routes and mineral load monitoring. To address these concerns, this study proposes an approach to enhance safety and surveillance by utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS) and load cell technology to track trucks beyond the mine boundary and mineral load monitoring. The developed system will provide real-time information about truck location, speed, mass theft, and idle routes. To achieve this, a GPS tracker is installed on the truck, providing accurate and reliable location data, and a load cell is installed to monitor the mineral load. This will help ensure compliance with safety regulations and prevent unauthorized stopping and mineral theft. To monitor the location, speed, mass theft, load monitoring, and unauthorized stoppings BLYNK application is used. This system will facilitate improved decision-making, enable timely response to emergencies, enhance operational efficiency, and reduce the risks associated with truck operations outside the mine.
{"title":"Enhancement of Truck Transportation Efficiency Through Remote Monitoring of Route and Mineral Load","authors":"J. John Gladious, S. Ajithraj, R. Arunkumar, N. Sridharan, K. Rajeshraj","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44224","url":null,"abstract":"The mining industry faces significant challenges when it comes to ensuring the safety and security of heavy-duty trucks operating outside the boundaries of the mine through remote routes and mineral load monitoring. To address these concerns, this study proposes an approach to enhance safety and surveillance by utilizing the Global Positioning System (GPS) and load cell technology to track trucks beyond the mine boundary and mineral load monitoring. The developed system will provide real-time information about truck location, speed, mass theft, and idle routes. To achieve this, a GPS tracker is installed on the truck, providing accurate and reliable location data, and a load cell is installed to monitor the mineral load. This will help ensure compliance with safety regulations and prevent unauthorized stopping and mineral theft. To monitor the location, speed, mass theft, load monitoring, and unauthorized stoppings BLYNK application is used. This system will facilitate improved decision-making, enable timely response to emergencies, enhance operational efficiency, and reduce the risks associated with truck operations outside the mine.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"34 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44523
G. S. Girishkumar, M. R. Kamesh, S. Rohith, D. Yogaraj, M. Abhilash, H. Sathish, R. Vinayakumar, C. Somashekar
Nowadays, brackish water/seawater desalination is a subject of concern to many researchers all over the world. Solar desalination is a renewable energy-driven method that produces freshwater from saline/brackish water. Many coastal countries suffer from a scarcity of freshwater. Solar-driven desalination is an optimistic and sustainable method to reduce the shortage of potable water in remote regions. Solar desalination is a viable way to produce potable water from any type of non-drinkable water. The recourse to use of solar energy in desalination by distillation, represents as appreciable part of water resources and is realizable, simple, cost-effective, operational solution technically. In this work, Modelling and simulation analysis of single-slope solar still for desalination of water is investigated in CFD-Ansys by considering solar radiation data at 12.8852°N, 77.572625°E in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The simulation results found that, the solar still yields the distillate at the rate is 2 litres/m2 for 10 litres of saline water that runs for 12 hours a day (from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm). A comparison between various inclination angles were performed. Solar still yields thermal efficiency of 24% at the inclination angle of 38° when compared with the inclination angles of 22°, 28°, 32° and 44°.
{"title":"Modelling and Analysis of a Single Slope Solar Still for Desalination of Water","authors":"G. S. Girishkumar, M. R. Kamesh, S. Rohith, D. Yogaraj, M. Abhilash, H. Sathish, R. Vinayakumar, C. Somashekar","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44523","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, brackish water/seawater desalination is a subject of concern to many researchers all over the world. Solar desalination is a renewable energy-driven method that produces freshwater from saline/brackish water. Many coastal countries suffer from a scarcity of freshwater. Solar-driven desalination is an optimistic and sustainable method to reduce the shortage of potable water in remote regions. Solar desalination is a viable way to produce potable water from any type of non-drinkable water. The recourse to use of solar energy in desalination by distillation, represents as appreciable part of water resources and is realizable, simple, cost-effective, operational solution technically. In this work, Modelling and simulation analysis of single-slope solar still for desalination of water is investigated in CFD-Ansys by considering solar radiation data at 12.8852°N, 77.572625°E in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The simulation results found that, the solar still yields the distillate at the rate is 2 litres/m2 for 10 litres of saline water that runs for 12 hours a day (from 7:00 am to 6:00 pm). A comparison between various inclination angles were performed. Solar still yields thermal efficiency of 24% at the inclination angle of 38° when compared with the inclination angles of 22°, 28°, 32° and 44°.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/43659
Manoj Modi, Pankaj Dewangan
Bauxite is the basic raw material of aluminium used to extract alumina in Bayer’s process. With the huge demand and the rapid development of the global alumina industry, bauxite consumption is rising and has reached more than 160 million tonnes per year. With such a high demand for aluminium, it is becoming more difficult to meet the consumption due to the gradual global decline of high-grade bauxite resources. In the current market scenario, treating bauxites containing more than 5% reactive silica (SiO2) is generally considered uneconomic due to excessive soda consumption in Bayer’s process. The present study is conducted to examine the influence of the wet beneficiation process in the pre-treatment of low-grade and high-grade bauxite ores and a comparative analysis of the results obtained regarding alumina recovery and silica reduction. For this study, High-Grade (HG) and Low-Grade (LG) bauxite ore samples were collected from different bauxite mines of the East Coast region and subjected to wet beneficiation. Comparative chemical analysis of the before and after beneficiation samples revealed the wet beneficiation process to be significantly effective in the pre-treatment of LG bauxite samples with an average increment of 10.84% in the alumina content and 18.38% average reduction in silica after wet beneficiation.
铝土矿是拜耳工艺中用于提取氧化铝的基本铝原料。随着全球氧化铝工业的巨大需求和快速发展，铝土矿的消耗量不断上升，目前已达到每年 1.6 亿吨以上。在铝需求量如此之大的情况下，由于全球高品位铝土矿资源逐渐减少，满足铝消耗量变得越来越困难。在目前的市场情况下，由于拜耳法工艺消耗过多的苏打，处理活性二氧化硅（SiO2）含量超过 5%的铝土矿通常被认为是不经济的。本研究旨在考察湿法选矿工艺对低品位和高品位铝土矿预处理的影响，并对氧化铝回收率和二氧化硅减少量的结果进行比较分析。在这项研究中，从东海岸地区的不同铝土矿采集了高品位（HG）和低品位（LG）铝土矿样品，并对其进行了湿法选矿。对选矿前后样品的化学分析比较显示，湿法选矿工艺对 LG 铝土矿样品的预处理效果显著，湿法选矿后氧化铝含量平均增加 10.84%，二氧化硅平均减少 18.38%。
{"title":"A Comparative Study to Assess the Efficiency of Wet Beneficiation Techniques for Treatment of Low-Grade and High-Grade Bauxite Ore","authors":"Manoj Modi, Pankaj Dewangan","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/43659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/43659","url":null,"abstract":"Bauxite is the basic raw material of aluminium used to extract alumina in Bayer’s process. With the huge demand and the rapid development of the global alumina industry, bauxite consumption is rising and has reached more than 160 million tonnes per year. With such a high demand for aluminium, it is becoming more difficult to meet the consumption due to the gradual global decline of high-grade bauxite resources. In the current market scenario, treating bauxites containing more than 5% reactive silica (SiO2) is generally considered uneconomic due to excessive soda consumption in Bayer’s process. The present study is conducted to examine the influence of the wet beneficiation process in the pre-treatment of low-grade and high-grade bauxite ores and a comparative analysis of the results obtained regarding alumina recovery and silica reduction. For this study, High-Grade (HG) and Low-Grade (LG) bauxite ore samples were collected from different bauxite mines of the East Coast region and subjected to wet beneficiation. Comparative chemical analysis of the before and after beneficiation samples revealed the wet beneficiation process to be significantly effective in the pre-treatment of LG bauxite samples with an average increment of 10.84% in the alumina content and 18.38% average reduction in silica after wet beneficiation.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44426
S. Prashantha, B. R. Omkaresh
Friction stir welding is a type of welding that creates friction using a stirring tool while the work-pieces are held together in the welding joint configuration. Friction stir welding is a solid-state welding process. It is one of the efficient ways of joining technology of materials. The friction forces at a microscopic level to change the inner structure of metal properties and it is done by using the kinetic energy of friction in welding methods. This work is majorly carried out to optimize the process parameters like tool rotational speed, Feed, ultimate tensile strength of friction stir welded joint on AA6061 and AA6082 alloy. Welding speed and temperature variation in the workpiece during the welding is recorded for different trials. Failure analysis was carried out for different fractured surfaces by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revels ductile fracture due to micro void coalescence. The maximum ultimate tensile strength was at a speed of 900 rpm, feed 31.5 mm/min indicates high joint efficiency. Welding speed is more at the feed 90mm/min. Maximum rise in the temperature is at speed 2000 rpm and feed 90 mm/min.
{"title":"Influence of Welding Parameters on Weld Timings, Temperature Variation and Mechanical Strength of Friction Stir Welded AA6061 and AA6082 Alloy","authors":"S. Prashantha, B. R. Omkaresh","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44426","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir welding is a type of welding that creates friction using a stirring tool while the work-pieces are held together in the welding joint configuration. Friction stir welding is a solid-state welding process. It is one of the efficient ways of joining technology of materials. The friction forces at a microscopic level to change the inner structure of metal properties and it is done by using the kinetic energy of friction in welding methods. This work is majorly carried out to optimize the process parameters like tool rotational speed, Feed, ultimate tensile strength of friction stir welded joint on AA6061 and AA6082 alloy. Welding speed and temperature variation in the workpiece during the welding is recorded for different trials. Failure analysis was carried out for different fractured surfaces by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) revels ductile fracture due to micro void coalescence. The maximum ultimate tensile strength was at a speed of 900 rpm, feed 31.5 mm/min indicates high joint efficiency. Welding speed is more at the feed 90mm/min. Maximum rise in the temperature is at speed 2000 rpm and feed 90 mm/min.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"31 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.18311/jmmf/2024/44052
Santosh.V. Janamatti, Raju Jadar, S. B. Angadi, Nagaraj Namdev, Subbaraya M. Kumar, Madeva Nagaral, A. N. Prashanth
In the current investigation, high pin-on-disc wear testing equipment was used to examine the impact of modest additions of nano B4C on the wear behaviour of a Zn alloy (85Zn-15Sn). Zn-Sn alloy behaviour at a constant SD of 2000m under pressures (10N, 20N, 30N, and 40N) and sliding speeds (1.4, 1.8, 2.3 and 2.8 m/s) was investigated. Microanalysis with SEM/EDX was used to characterise the matrix and worn surfaces. According to the results, the wear rate of Zn alloy rises with rising pressures, sliding speeds and distances in all situations examined and lowers with an additional level of 8 weight per cent B4C to the Zn alloy when tested. This is brought on by the partial refinement of Zn dendrites, as well as the precipitation hardening of solid solutions. The worn surface investigation suggests that the creation of a thick oxide layer during sliding enhances tribological features.
{"title":"Sliding Wear Characteristics of Zn-15Sn Alloy with Nano B4C Reinforced Composites","authors":"Santosh.V. Janamatti, Raju Jadar, S. B. Angadi, Nagaraj Namdev, Subbaraya M. Kumar, Madeva Nagaral, A. N. Prashanth","doi":"10.18311/jmmf/2024/44052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44052","url":null,"abstract":"In the current investigation, high pin-on-disc wear testing equipment was used to examine the impact of modest additions of nano B4C on the wear behaviour of a Zn alloy (85Zn-15Sn). Zn-Sn alloy behaviour at a constant SD of 2000m under pressures (10N, 20N, 30N, and 40N) and sliding speeds (1.4, 1.8, 2.3 and 2.8 m/s) was investigated. Microanalysis with SEM/EDX was used to characterise the matrix and worn surfaces. According to the results, the wear rate of Zn alloy rises with rising pressures, sliding speeds and distances in all situations examined and lowers with an additional level of 8 weight per cent B4C to the Zn alloy when tested. This is brought on by the partial refinement of Zn dendrites, as well as the precipitation hardening of solid solutions. The worn surface investigation suggests that the creation of a thick oxide layer during sliding enhances tribological features.","PeriodicalId":39575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels","volume":"35 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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