Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9560716
Julie Singer
Sociological research on chronic illness, and especially on the autobiographical writings of modern patients, has yielded insights into how chronic conditions alter fundamental relationships between notions of self, body, and time. The chronic part of “chronic illness” can disrupt perceptions of the linearity of time, yielding alternate temporalities grounded in bodily experience. In contemporary self-fiction, to chronicle a chronic condition is to juggle different kinds of time. But what about genres, like premodern historiography, that impose a linear, chronological framework? What is at stake when the narrative temporality of a medieval chronicle is filtered through the disrupted temporalities of a chronically impaired subject? This article interrogates these questions through the works of Gilles li Muisis (1272–1353). A Tournaisian abbot, Gilles authored both a Latin chronicle and of a set of vernacular poems situating his writerly activity within a very specific corporeal context: he writes both poetry and chronicle after cataracts have so impaired his vision that he can no longer carry out his administrative duties at the abbey of Saint-Martin—and, remarkably, he abandons his writing after a successful surgery restores his eyesight. The ways in which Gilles talks about his own bodily condition, in both the chronicle and the poems, constitute an elaborate metadiscursive frame whose ultimate effect is to construct the project of the chronicler as a kind of self-writing avant la lettre. With readings of both the Latin and the vernacular works, this essay shows that the chronicle is achieved through a series of subtle chronological and sensory displacements: Gilles’s chronic condition has enabled him to create an anachronic subject-position, outside of both linear historiographical time and the “body-time” of his impairment.
对慢性疾病的社会学研究,特别是对现代患者自传的研究,已经对慢性疾病如何改变自我、身体和时间概念之间的基本关系产生了深刻的见解。“慢性疾病”的慢性部分可以破坏对时间线性的感知,产生基于身体经验的交替时间。在当代的自编小说中,编年史记录一种慢性疾病就是在不同类型的时间中穿梭。但是,像前现代史学这样的体裁又如何呢?当中世纪编年史的叙事时间性被一个长期受损的主体的中断的时间性所过滤时,什么是危险的?本文通过Gilles li Muisis(1272-1353)的作品来探究这些问题。吉尔斯是一名图尔奈修道院院长,他既写了一部拉丁文编年史,也写了一套白话诗,把他的写作活动置于一个非常具体的物质环境中:他在白内障严重损害了他的视力,无法再在圣马丁修道院履行行政职责后,既写诗又写编年史,而且值得注意的是,他在一次成功的手术恢复视力后,放弃了写作。吉尔斯在编年史和诗歌中谈论自己身体状况的方式,构成了一个精心设计的元话语框架,其最终效果是将编年史作者的项目构建为一种自我写作的先锋书信。通过对拉丁文和白话作品的阅读,本文表明编年史是通过一系列微妙的时间和感官位移来实现的:吉尔斯的慢性疾病使他能够在线性历史编纂时间和他的“身体时间”之外创造一个错误的主体位置。
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Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9560700
Matteo Pace
Although in the last few decades scholars have dedicated much attention to the juridical world and the academic environment of Bologna and its flourishing university in the second half of the thirteenth century, totally uncharted territory are the connections between Guido Guinizzelli di Magnano (1230s–1276), judge, prosecutor, and one of the main literary references of the upcoming Dolce Stilnovo, and the professional activity of Taddeo Alderotti (1206/1215–1295), the catalyst of the new scientific trends of the Bolognese medical school. Guido Guinizzelli’s canzone “Al cor gentil” offers a groundbreaking theory of nobility that philosophically conflates love with nobility. This article argues that the philosophical progress of the canzone presents an understanding of medical and scientific terminology that must be put in contact with Taddeo and his interest in Avicenna’s medical philosophy. Guinizzelli’s correspondence between love and nobility is nurtured by Avicenna’s increasingly popular doctrine of forma specifica, which structures the reasoning and the examples of the vernacular poem. Guinizzelli therefore frames the idea of nobility in the heart of the lover as the forma specifica of the noble man, and conceives the lady as the divine intelligence that reduces to act his potentiality.
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Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9560684
C. Winn
La Querelle de l’abstinente, suite à la parution, en 1566, puis en 1597, du Huitiesme Paradoxe de Laurent Joubert, opposa dans un premier temps le médecin orléanais, Israël Harvet, au médecin poitevin, François Citoys, autour de la question de savoir combien de temps un être humain peut rester en vie sans boire ni manger. Le médecin tourangeau, Béroalde de Verville, s’était d’abord rangé du côté d’Harvet qui réfutait les arguments de Citoys en faveur de la thèse avancée par Joubert. En 1612, alors que la Querelle de l’Abstinente a pratiquement sombré dans l’oubli, le conteur Béroalde de Verville lui redonne une seconde vie. Dans Le Palais des Curieux (Object XVIII), il consacre à la question des abstinences extraordinaires trois brefs récits intitulés « D’une fille qui vivait sans manger », « De l’Epimenidium » et « D’un homme fort sobre ». Nous nous proposons de relire ces textes en nous interrogeant sur 1) les motivations qui ont pu conduire Béroalde de Verville à relancer un débat depuis longtemps classé ; 2) les choix auctoriaux – celui de traiter d’une question médicale sous la forme d’historiettes et celui d’insérer celles-ci dans un recueil de curiosités assemblé « pour le plaisir des Doctes et le bien de ceux qui desirent toujours savoir » ; et 3) la nouvelle dimension que prend alors l’ancienne querelle d’école.
l’abstinente争斗,1566年出版之后,然后在1597年,劳伦Joubert Huitiesme悖论》,坚决在第一时间、orléanais Harvet以色列医生,向医生(francois Citoys poitevin周围,这样一个问题,即一个人可以保持多久,活着没有喝水和吃饭。图兰戈医生beroalde de Verville起初站在哈维一边,哈维反驳了公民支持朱伯特提出的论点。1612年,当禁欲的争论几乎被遗忘时,故事讲述者beroalde de Verville给了它第二次生命。在《好奇的宫殿》(对象十八)中,他写了三篇短篇小说,题目是《一个不吃东西的女孩》、《关于epimenidium》和《一个清醒的强壮男人》。我们建议通过以下问题来重新阅读这些文本:1)导致beroalde de Verville重新启动一场早已被搁置的辩论的动机;2)图书馆选择——以漫画的形式处理医学问题,并将其插入“为学者的乐趣和那些一直想知道的人的利益”而收集的奇珍异宝集;3)旧学校争吵的新维度。
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9377350
Lewis C. Seifert
Starting from the premise that the study of quarrels—and especially those involving women—has much to gain by considering conflicts that do not involve an appeal to a public, this essay focuses on the case of Madeleine de Souvré, marquise de Sablé (1599–1678), who articulated a theory of conflict in her “Maximes” and was involved with several high-profile controversies through her friendships with François de La Rochefoucauld and the nuns of Port-Royal de Paris. In her theory and practice of conflict, Sablé develops an art of ambiguity that strives for both individual agency and interpersonal harmony. Throughout her maxims, she lays out explicit strategies for managing conflicts but is caught between an emphasis on gaining an advantage over one’s adversaries and, at the other extreme, finding a middle ground with them. But conflicts from her life suggest a different art of ambiguity: through her involvement with the first readers of La Rochefoucauld’s Maximes and her relations with the nuns of Port-Royal, Sablé aims to preserve her own viewpoint and her friendships at the same time. These ambiguities lead to the hypothesis that she faced gendered limits that pushed her to search for ways of making her opinions more palatable and, ultimately, of allowing them to coexist with diverging opinions.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9377342
Derval Conroy
This article examines one of Marie de Gournay’s forays into religious controversy in her short text “Advis à quelques gens d’Église.” First published in L’Ombre de la damoiselle de Gournay (1626), the text is an indictment of the abuse of the sacrament of confession by both penitents and confessors, and points to a rigorist stance on the part of the author nearly twenty years before it became the dominant position of the church once again. Tackling a range of thorny questions such as the aim of confession, deferred absolution, and the nature of sin, Gournay examines confession as a societal institution, outlining how it fails utterly to reduce the daily experience of petty injustices and wrongdoing. Placing that failure squarely at the feet of the clergy, Gournay includes advice for the confessors, making of the text a secular “manuel des confesseurs”—an extraordinary undertaking for a laywoman at the time.
这篇文章考察了玛丽·德·古尔内在她的短文“adis quelques gens d ' Église”中对宗教争议的一次尝试。最早发表在L 'Ombre de la damoiselle de Gournay(1626)上,文本是忏悔者和忏悔者滥用忏悔圣礼的起诉书,并指出了作者在其再次成为教会主导地位之前近20年的严厉立场。古尔内处理了一系列棘手的问题,如忏悔的目的、延迟赦免和罪恶的本质,他将忏悔作为一种社会制度进行了研究,概述了它如何完全无法减少日常生活中微不足道的不公正和不法行为的经历。古尔内将这一失败直接归咎于神职人员,并为忏悔者提供了建议,使文本成为世俗的“忏悔者手册”——这对当时的俗家妇女来说是一项非凡的事业。
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9377334
Clément Scotto di Clemente
Au sein des polémiques théâtrales du XVIIe siècle, le traité de Mademoiselle de Beaulieu tient lieu de modèle et d’exception. En fondant son argumentation sur un détournement des topiques théâtrophobes, qui promeut une réforme esthétique et économique de la scène, son texte est emblématique des stratégies apologétiques au sein des querelles sur le théâtre. Il se singularise cependant par l’éloge fait à Isabella Andreini, qui relève autant de la provocation sur le comédien idolâtre que de la promotion d’une actrice politique. La querelle du théâtre ainsi engagée croise les enjeux esthétiques, politiques et religieux, dans un contexte de guerre des religions et de changement de pouvoir. Mlle de Beaulieu en use pour servir trois femmes et trois causes : elle-même et la place des femmes dans le champ des lettres ; Andreini et l’art théâtral italien ; Marie de Médicis, son mécénat et sa politique.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9377382
C. Seth
Right at the end of the eighteenth century, a famous poet, Ponce-Denis Écouchard Le Brun, denounced women writers and a literary dispute ensued. While it mobilized a number of authors, one poem stands out in accounts of the quarrel: Constance Pipelet’s “Épître aux femmes.” A study of the timeline shows that this was not in fact part of the original exchanges and that its central role is due on the one hand to a retrospective delineation of the events by a woman poet with a vested interest and, on the other, to its ambition and quality. The case poses several questions around authorial identity, gender-based judgments, the role of periodicals, and the literary construction of quarrels both as they occur and after they are over.
就在十八世纪末,一位著名的诗人,庞塞-丹尼斯Écouchard勒布伦,谴责女性作家,随之而来的是一场文学纠纷。虽然动员了许多作家,但有一首诗在描述这场争吵中脱颖而出:Constance Pipelet的“Épître aux femmes”。对时间线的研究表明,这实际上并不是最初交流的一部分,它的核心作用一方面是由于一位具有既得利益的女诗人对事件的回顾性描述,另一方面是由于它的雄心和质量。该案件提出了几个问题,包括作者身份、基于性别的判断、期刊的角色,以及争吵发生时和结束后的文学建构。
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1215/00358118-9377358
Helena Taylor
This article examines the poet Antoinette Deshoulières’s (1638–94) interventions in a number of querelles. It focuses on a series of poems that appeared in 1678–79, early in her career, and written as if from her pet cat. Often dismissed for their frivolity, these poems instead reveal Deshoulières’s engagement with the Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns and the debates about the animal machine. While such interventions constituted an important strategy for making a name for herself, they are characterized by elusiveness. Although that elusiveness has been read as a gendered strategy of modesty, this article shows instead that her equivocal and even parodic, burlesque way of intervening in the two quarrels is consistent with her skepticism and presents readers with a hermeneutical challenge that disrupts the rhetorical logic of a quarrel. Deshoulières’s interventions invite us to reflect on the roles of gender, genre, and interpretation in early modern quarrels and their study.
{"title":"Antoinette Deshoulières’s Cat","authors":"Helena Taylor","doi":"10.1215/00358118-9377358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00358118-9377358","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the poet Antoinette Deshoulières’s (1638–94) interventions in a number of querelles. It focuses on a series of poems that appeared in 1678–79, early in her career, and written as if from her pet cat. Often dismissed for their frivolity, these poems instead reveal Deshoulières’s engagement with the Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns and the debates about the animal machine. While such interventions constituted an important strategy for making a name for herself, they are characterized by elusiveness. Although that elusiveness has been read as a gendered strategy of modesty, this article shows instead that her equivocal and even parodic, burlesque way of intervening in the two quarrels is consistent with her skepticism and presents readers with a hermeneutical challenge that disrupts the rhetorical logic of a quarrel. Deshoulières’s interventions invite us to reflect on the roles of gender, genre, and interpretation in early modern quarrels and their study.","PeriodicalId":39614,"journal":{"name":"Romanic Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74260136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}