Pub Date : 2000-02-01DOI: 10.1017/s0308229600033237
L. Boyle, D. Regan, F. Leonard, P. Lynch, P. Brophy
Flooring in the farrowing house has changed dramatically over the years from straw bedding on concrete to metal, cast iron or plastic slats. Animals can develop abrasion injuries from these floors (Edwards and Lightfoot, 1986) and sows have been shown to avoid slatted floors during and immediately after farrowing (Phillips et al., 1996). There is some evidence that providing a cushioning material in the pen could improve animal welfare (Gravas, 1979). The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of providing mats in the farrowing house on behaviour and lesion development in sows and piglets.Nineteen sows and their litters housed on metal slatted floors (Tri-bar, Nooyen, Duerne, The Netherlands) and nineteen sows and their litters on mats (Productive Comfort, Pemarsa, S.A.) were included in the study. Mats were made of micro-cellular foam and were placed in the area of the farrowing crate and on both heat pads. Sows were examined in 34 locations for skin lesions on entry to the farrowing house and again at weaning, approximately four weeks later. Lesions were scored according to their severity (1 to 6); addition of scores yielded a total score for each sow.
{"title":"The effect of mats on the welfare of sows and piglets in the farrowing house","authors":"L. Boyle, D. Regan, F. Leonard, P. Lynch, P. Brophy","doi":"10.1017/s0308229600033237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033237","url":null,"abstract":"Flooring in the farrowing house has changed dramatically over the years from straw bedding on concrete to metal, cast iron or plastic slats. Animals can develop abrasion injuries from these floors (Edwards and Lightfoot, 1986) and sows have been shown to avoid slatted floors during and immediately after farrowing (Phillips et al., 1996). There is some evidence that providing a cushioning material in the pen could improve animal welfare (Gravas, 1979). The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of providing mats in the farrowing house on behaviour and lesion development in sows and piglets.Nineteen sows and their litters housed on metal slatted floors (Tri-bar, Nooyen, Duerne, The Netherlands) and nineteen sows and their litters on mats (Productive Comfort, Pemarsa, S.A.) were included in the study. Mats were made of micro-cellular foam and were placed in the area of the farrowing crate and on both heat pads. Sows were examined in 34 locations for skin lesions on entry to the farrowing house and again at weaning, approximately four weeks later. Lesions were scored according to their severity (1 to 6); addition of scores yielded a total score for each sow.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116764723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357729800051432
A. G. Sinclair, M. Cia, S. Hoste, S. Edwards
Meishan synthetic (M) sows and gilts produce greater weight of weaned piglets and lose more backfat and body weight during lactation than White (W) breed types (Sinclair et al., 1996a). The increased litter weight and increased fat loss of M could be due to (1) M having more fat reserves than W at the start of lactation to support a higher level of milk production, (2) M being inherently more adapted than W to partition body reserves to milk production. Commercial objectives of the M breeding programmes include a reduction of backfat, so it is necessary to establish the importance of fat reserves in the maternal performance of the breeds. The objective of this experiment was to measure the consequences of manipulating body fat reserves at farrowing by nutritional means in the two breed types.
{"title":"Response to dietary protein during lactation of Meishan synthetic and European White sows fed to attain two levels of backfat at farrowing","authors":"A. G. Sinclair, M. Cia, S. Hoste, S. Edwards","doi":"10.1017/S1357729800051432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800051432","url":null,"abstract":"Meishan synthetic (M) sows and gilts produce greater weight of weaned piglets and lose more backfat and body weight during lactation than White (W) breed types (Sinclair et al., 1996a). The increased litter weight and increased fat loss of M could be due to (1) M having more fat reserves than W at the start of lactation to support a higher level of milk production, (2) M being inherently more adapted than W to partition body reserves to milk production. Commercial objectives of the M breeding programmes include a reduction of backfat, so it is necessary to establish the importance of fat reserves in the maternal performance of the breeds. The objective of this experiment was to measure the consequences of manipulating body fat reserves at farrowing by nutritional means in the two breed types.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120830325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-10-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357729800050888
J. Hills, I. Kyriazakis, J. Nolan, G. Hinch, J. J. Lynch
The development by ruminants of strong conditioned flavour aversions (CFAs) to foods associated with the administration of LiCl (an artificial toxin) has demonstrated their potential to avoid feeds that cause negative postingestive consequences (Provenza, 1995). Weaker CFAs are formed when they ingest foods with the detrimental secondary plant compound, oxalic acid (Kyriazakis et al. 1997). Moreover, animals may exhibit conditioned preferences (CFPs) for foods supplying appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen (Provenza, 1995). In this study we tested whether a continuum exists in the formation of CFAs and CFPs to foods that are associated with increasing availability of sulphur (S) in crossbred ewes.
反刍动物对与LiCl(一种人工毒素)管理有关的食物产生强烈的条件性风味厌恶(CFAs)的发展表明，它们有可能避免导致负面进食后后果的饲料(Provenza, 1995)。当它们摄入含有有害的次生植物化合物草酸的食物时，就会形成较弱的CFAs (Kyriazakis et al. 1997)。此外，动物可能对提供适量营养物质(如氮)的食物表现出条件偏好(CFPs) (Provenza, 1995)。在这项研究中，我们测试了在食物中CFAs和CFPs的形成是否存在连续体，这与杂交母羊体内硫(S)的可用性增加有关。
{"title":"Conditioned feeding responses in sheep to flavoured foods associated with sulphur doses","authors":"J. Hills, I. Kyriazakis, J. Nolan, G. Hinch, J. J. Lynch","doi":"10.1017/S1357729800050888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800050888","url":null,"abstract":"The development by ruminants of strong conditioned flavour aversions (CFAs) to foods associated with the administration of LiCl (an artificial toxin) has demonstrated their potential to avoid feeds that cause negative postingestive consequences (Provenza, 1995). Weaker CFAs are formed when they ingest foods with the detrimental secondary plant compound, oxalic acid (Kyriazakis et al. 1997). Moreover, animals may exhibit conditioned preferences (CFPs) for foods supplying appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen (Provenza, 1995). In this study we tested whether a continuum exists in the formation of CFAs and CFPs to foods that are associated with increasing availability of sulphur (S) in crossbred ewes.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133577463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200597944
S. C. Johnson, J. Serradilla, A. Garrido Varo, J. Margerison
In southern Spain the manufacture of goats milk cheese represents a large proportion of total the dairy production. Throughout the whole of Andalucia and the Malaga province the Malagueña breed of goat is of particular importance, due to its ability to produce high milk yields with a high protein content.The proportion of casein in milk is one of the most important factors determining the quantity and quality of cheese which can be made from that milk. It is therefore essential to be able to rapidly measure the milk casein levels prior to commencing the expensive process of cheese making.
{"title":"Calibration of the near infra-red spectroscope for the casein content of Malagueña goats milk","authors":"S. C. Johnson, J. Serradilla, A. Garrido Varo, J. Margerison","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200597944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597944","url":null,"abstract":"In southern Spain the manufacture of goats milk cheese represents a large proportion of total the dairy production. Throughout the whole of Andalucia and the Malaga province the Malagueña breed of goat is of particular importance, due to its ability to produce high milk yields with a high protein content.The proportion of casein in milk is one of the most important factors determining the quantity and quality of cheese which can be made from that milk. It is therefore essential to be able to rapidly measure the milk casein levels prior to commencing the expensive process of cheese making.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122371758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200598226
J. Robert, V. Ferragu, B. Bouza, P. Williams
Rode et al (1997) reported a significant improvement in milk production and milk fat content when the ration was supplemented at the start of lactation with hydroxy-analogue of methionine (HMB) (DL,2 hydroxy 4 (methyl thio) butanoic acid. This could be explained either by the fact that HMB in the liquid form, in a manner similar to the calcium salt of HMB is used by the rumen microorganisms, resulting in the stimulation of the rumen microflora or that the HMB supplies by-pass methionine analogue to the duodenum. The objective of the present trial was to measure the effects of HMB in the rumen using a rumen simulation technique and to test the effect of different sources of methionine on the digestibility of the organic matter of maize silage.Experiments were carried out using the in vitro rumen technique (Menke et al, 1988) (HFT). Different sources of methionine were tested : two sources of the hydroxy-analogue of methionine (HMB) : [A] AlimetTM (88,2%) (Novus Int Inc) and [B] RhodimetTM AT88 (88,9%) (Rhone Poulenc Animal Nutrition), [C] calcium salt of HMB (85,3%) [D] Rhodimet NP99 (99%) (DL methionine powder (RPAN)) [E] mineral sulphur in the form of sodium sulphate (99,5%).
{"title":"Influence of different sources of methionine (DL methionine, hydroxy-analogues of methionine) and sulphur on the digestibility of organic matter of maize silage measured in vitro","authors":"J. Robert, V. Ferragu, B. Bouza, P. Williams","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200598226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200598226","url":null,"abstract":"Rode et al (1997) reported a significant improvement in milk production and milk fat content when the ration was supplemented at the start of lactation with hydroxy-analogue of methionine (HMB) (DL,2 hydroxy 4 (methyl thio) butanoic acid. This could be explained either by the fact that HMB in the liquid form, in a manner similar to the calcium salt of HMB is used by the rumen microorganisms, resulting in the stimulation of the rumen microflora or that the HMB supplies by-pass methionine analogue to the duodenum. The objective of the present trial was to measure the effects of HMB in the rumen using a rumen simulation technique and to test the effect of different sources of methionine on the digestibility of the organic matter of maize silage.Experiments were carried out using the in vitro rumen technique (Menke et al, 1988) (HFT). Different sources of methionine were tested : two sources of the hydroxy-analogue of methionine (HMB) : [A] AlimetTM (88,2%) (Novus Int Inc) and [B] RhodimetTM AT88 (88,9%) (Rhone Poulenc Animal Nutrition), [C] calcium salt of HMB (85,3%) [D] Rhodimet NP99 (99%) (DL methionine powder (RPAN)) [E] mineral sulphur in the form of sodium sulphate (99,5%).","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115694882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200597932
M. Davies, D. Deakin
It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.
{"title":"Growth responses in red deer hinds from 16-24 months of age when fed two energy levels during their second winter","authors":"M. Davies, D. Deakin","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200597932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597932","url":null,"abstract":"It is important that venison competes with other red meats in efficiency and cost of production. The growth responses of farmed red deer during the first 15-18 months of life have been well defined under a wide range of feeding and daylength regimes (Davies, 1995). However there is a need to examine less intensive systems of production which aim to maximise growth from grazed grass, following various growth-restriction feeding regimes during winter. The objective of this experiment was to quantify the growth response in 16-24 month old hinds fed two contrasting feeding regimes during their second winter, followed by a period at pasture.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127188493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200597920
M. AlAmer, C. Knight
Exposure to long day photoperiod is known to stimulate milk secretion in dairy cattle, but the mechanism has not been determined. Melatonin (MEL), which is produced by the pineal gland, is stimulated during darkness and has been known to mimic the short day signal when administered during long day exposure. Preliminary evidence has suggested that long term MEL treatment sensitizes lactating goats to subsequent long light exposure (Knight, 1993). The present study was undertaken to test if repeated short cycles of MEL would prime goats to subsequent long light effect on milk yield.
{"title":"Effect of repeated cycles of melatonin and long light on milk production in the goat","authors":"M. AlAmer, C. Knight","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200597920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597920","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to long day photoperiod is known to stimulate milk secretion in dairy cattle, but the mechanism has not been determined. Melatonin (MEL), which is produced by the pineal gland, is stimulated during darkness and has been known to mimic the short day signal when administered during long day exposure. Preliminary evidence has suggested that long term MEL treatment sensitizes lactating goats to subsequent long light exposure (Knight, 1993). The present study was undertaken to test if repeated short cycles of MEL would prime goats to subsequent long light effect on milk yield.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124388427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200598238
H. Louvandini, A. L. Abdalla, S. Gennari
Haemonchosis in cattle represents one of the biggest problem in Brazil, where an wide variations in dietary protein can be observed in pastures throughout the year. It is thought that this variation in protein intake might have influences on the impact of the parasite host metabolism arid productivity. This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary protein and the infection with Haemonchus placet upon parasitological parameters in growing calves.
{"title":"Interaction between different protein levels in the diet and infection with Haemonchus placet in calves under tropical condition.","authors":"H. Louvandini, A. L. Abdalla, S. Gennari","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200598238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200598238","url":null,"abstract":"Haemonchosis in cattle represents one of the biggest problem in Brazil, where an wide variations in dietary protein can be observed in pastures throughout the year. It is thought that this variation in protein intake might have influences on the impact of the parasite host metabolism arid productivity. This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary protein and the infection with Haemonchus placet upon parasitological parameters in growing calves.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129308291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200597956
J. Scaife, A. Wachira
It is recognised that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important components of a healthy human diet. There is, therefore, considerable interest in manipulating animal tissue fatty acid composition to enhance n-3 PUFA intakes. Linseed is a rich source of the n-3 fatty acid, linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). When whole linseed (WL) is included in poultry diets this fatty acid can be incorporated into tissue lipids and may also serve as a precursor for the synthesis of longer chain C20 and C22 n-3 PUFA in chicken tissues. To counteract the increased susceptibility of PUFA-enriched tissues to peroxidation, α-tocopherol acetate (ATA) supplementation of the diet may be required. In this study the effect of WL and supplementary ATA on broiler growth performance and leg and breast muscle fatty acid profiles and lipid peroxidation were studied
{"title":"Effects of linseed meal and whole linseed and supplemental α-tocopherol acetate on broiler growth performance, and tissue C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3 and TBARS content","authors":"J. Scaife, A. Wachira","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200597956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597956","url":null,"abstract":"It is recognised that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important components of a healthy human diet. There is, therefore, considerable interest in manipulating animal tissue fatty acid composition to enhance n-3 PUFA intakes. Linseed is a rich source of the n-3 fatty acid, linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). When whole linseed (WL) is included in poultry diets this fatty acid can be incorporated into tissue lipids and may also serve as a precursor for the synthesis of longer chain C20 and C22 n-3 PUFA in chicken tissues. To counteract the increased susceptibility of PUFA-enriched tissues to peroxidation, α-tocopherol acetate (ATA) supplementation of the diet may be required. In this study the effect of WL and supplementary ATA on broiler growth performance and leg and breast muscle fatty acid profiles and lipid peroxidation were studied","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133493452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200597919
M. Souri, H. Galbraith, J. Scaife
Enzymes catalysing the conversion of methionine to cysteine via the transulphuration pathway are found in liver and kidney of sheep (Radcliffe and Eggan, 1974), but their presence has not been established in the hair follicle. The aims of this study were (a) to establish the presence of transulphuration and (b) to determine quantitatively the conversion of methionine to cysteine in isolated secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat.
{"title":"Conversion of methionine to cysteine by transulphuration in isolated anagen secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat","authors":"M. Souri, H. Galbraith, J. Scaife","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200597919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597919","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes catalysing the conversion of methionine to cysteine via the transulphuration pathway are found in liver and kidney of sheep (Radcliffe and Eggan, 1974), but their presence has not been established in the hair follicle. The aims of this study were (a) to establish the presence of transulphuration and (b) to determine quantitatively the conversion of methionine to cysteine in isolated secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126640083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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