Pub Date : 1997-03-03DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595738
A. Moloney, P. O'kiely
The yield of dry matter (DM) in a mature wheat crop can equal that obtained from three cuts of grass. Ensiled mature whole crop wheat is however characterised by a lower digestibility and lower crude protein concentration than good quality grass silage. Addition of urea at ensiling has been shown to increase the digestibility and the non-protein nitrogen concentration of whole crop wheat silage. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the effect of urea-treatment on the in vivo digestibility of wheat of relatively high moisture concentration and (ii) the effects of the provision of a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate supplement on nitrogen metabolism in steers fed these silages.
{"title":"Digestibility, nitrogen retention and plasma metabolite concentrations in steers offered whole crop wheat silage-based rations","authors":"A. Moloney, P. O'kiely","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595738","url":null,"abstract":"The yield of dry matter (DM) in a mature wheat crop can equal that obtained from three cuts of grass. Ensiled mature whole crop wheat is however characterised by a lower digestibility and lower crude protein concentration than good quality grass silage. Addition of urea at ensiling has been shown to increase the digestibility and the non-protein nitrogen concentration of whole crop wheat silage. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the effect of urea-treatment on the in vivo digestibility of wheat of relatively high moisture concentration and (ii) the effects of the provision of a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate supplement on nitrogen metabolism in steers fed these silages.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131079177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200594526
R. M. Kay, P. Lee
It is estimated that ammonia emission from pigs contributes approximately 23kt of a total of 198kt from UK agriculture. Of this, 14kt is lost from buildings and 7.5kt from land spreading. It is likely that pig enterprises will need to reduce ammonia losses under the newly adopted Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) legislation. Earlier work (Kay and Lee, 1996) has demonstrated that low crude protein (CP) diets reduce the amount of nitrogen in slurry. However, there is no information available on the effects of reducing nitrogen excretion by pigs on the emission of ammonia from buildings and limited information on the effects of collection and storage of slurry over time. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of low CP diets on the emission of ammonia from buildings, and on the characteristics of slurry collected and stored beneath slats.
{"title":"The effect of offering low crude protein diets to pigs on slurry characteristics and the consequent emission of ammonia from pig buildings","authors":"R. M. Kay, P. Lee","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200594526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594526","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that ammonia emission from pigs contributes approximately 23kt of a total of 198kt from UK agriculture. Of this, 14kt is lost from buildings and 7.5kt from land spreading. It is likely that pig enterprises will need to reduce ammonia losses under the newly adopted Integrated Pollution Prevention Control (IPPC) legislation. Earlier work (Kay and Lee, 1996) has demonstrated that low crude protein (CP) diets reduce the amount of nitrogen in slurry. However, there is no information available on the effects of reducing nitrogen excretion by pigs on the emission of ammonia from buildings and limited information on the effects of collection and storage of slurry over time. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of low CP diets on the emission of ammonia from buildings, and on the characteristics of slurry collected and stored beneath slats.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125460385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595428
F. Darling, J. Wiseman, A. Taylor
Current recommendations for consumers suggest the dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should be 5:1. Manipulation of fatty acid profile of pig meat is comparatively straightforward, thus production of pork that approaches the ‘optimum’ is realisable. However, associated with this is a significant risk of deterioration in both keeping and eating quality, following oxidative rancidity. The objective of the trial was to manipulate total n-6 (linoleic, C18:2) and n-3 (linolenic, C18:3) levels of adipose tissue fatty acids, whilst keeping the ratio relatively constant at 5:1, giving levels of 180, 150 and 120g C18:2 /kg adipose tissue with concomitant levels of 36, 30 and 24g C18:3 /kg adipose tissue. Pork (lean) was subjected to physical and biochemical assessment.Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Diets 1 to 3 contained progressively less soya bean oil (42.3, 33.9 and 25.6 g/kg) and linseed oil (8.3, 5.0 and 1.7 g/kg) and progressively more maize starch (0, 30.8 and 61.6 g /kg) with ‘himod’ powder as an inert filler (38.3, 19.1, Og/kg) respectively for diets 1, 2 and 3.
{"title":"Influence of content of nutritionally essential fatty acids on keeping quality of fresh pork","authors":"F. Darling, J. Wiseman, A. Taylor","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595428","url":null,"abstract":"Current recommendations for consumers suggest the dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should be 5:1. Manipulation of fatty acid profile of pig meat is comparatively straightforward, thus production of pork that approaches the ‘optimum’ is realisable. However, associated with this is a significant risk of deterioration in both keeping and eating quality, following oxidative rancidity. The objective of the trial was to manipulate total n-6 (linoleic, C18:2) and n-3 (linolenic, C18:3) levels of adipose tissue fatty acids, whilst keeping the ratio relatively constant at 5:1, giving levels of 180, 150 and 120g C18:2 /kg adipose tissue with concomitant levels of 36, 30 and 24g C18:3 /kg adipose tissue. Pork (lean) was subjected to physical and biochemical assessment.Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated. Diets 1 to 3 contained progressively less soya bean oil (42.3, 33.9 and 25.6 g/kg) and linseed oil (8.3, 5.0 and 1.7 g/kg) and progressively more maize starch (0, 30.8 and 61.6 g /kg) with ‘himod’ powder as an inert filler (38.3, 19.1, Og/kg) respectively for diets 1, 2 and 3.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595490
D. Arey, W. G. Jamieson
The mixing of unfamiliar sows usually results in fighting which determines relative social rank. In some situations aggression can be perpetuated and subordinate animals can suffer as a result of competition for resources such as feed and space. Although Moore et al (1993) suggested that newly introduced group members become fully integrated after 21 days there have been few studies which have examined the development of social interactions over the longer term. The aim of the experiment was to determine how social behaviour changed over time and the affects that this may have on the welfare of group-housed sows.
{"title":"Time course for the formation of a stable social hierarchy in group-housed sows","authors":"D. Arey, W. G. Jamieson","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595490","url":null,"abstract":"The mixing of unfamiliar sows usually results in fighting which determines relative social rank. In some situations aggression can be perpetuated and subordinate animals can suffer as a result of competition for resources such as feed and space. Although Moore et al (1993) suggested that newly introduced group members become fully integrated after 21 days there have been few studies which have examined the development of social interactions over the longer term. The aim of the experiment was to determine how social behaviour changed over time and the affects that this may have on the welfare of group-housed sows.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"12 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113963690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595453
P. L. Sensky, T. Parr, R. Bardsley, P. Buttery
Despite efforts to standardise breeding, nutrition and husbandry regimes, consumer studies indicate that 17% of all loin chops sold in the UK are unacceptable in terms of toughness and dryness (Warkup et al., 1995). Recent evidence suggests that this unaccountable variability may be at least partly due to changes in the calpain-calpastatin proteolytic system around the time of slaughter, stimulated by changes in the circulating levels of the natural β-agonist adrenaline (Sensky et al., 1996). An increase in calpastatin, the inhibitory component of the system, at slaughter has also been shown to be associated with reduced degrees of tenderisation (Koohmaraie, 1992, Sensky et al., 1996b). Variation in the degree of β-receptor stimulation close to slaughter should therefore correlate with calpastatin levels at slaughter. This study aimed to investigate the validity of this claim.The diet of 30 female Landrace x Large White pigs (67 ± 1 kg) was supplemented with either 2 or 20 ppm nadolol, a β-antagonist, or clenbuterol, a β-agonist, 16 h before slaughter, giving 5 groups of 6 pigs, including controls (no supplement), with differing degrees of β-receptor stimulation, ranging from low (20 ppm nadolol) to high (20 ppm clenbuterol). Calpain and calpastatin activities were measured in samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) taken immediately after slaughter using chromatographic and fluorimetric techniques (Sensky et al., 1996b).
{"title":"The effect of varying the degrees of β-receptor stimulation on the activity of the calpain - calpastatin system at slaughter in porcine longissimus dorsi","authors":"P. L. Sensky, T. Parr, R. Bardsley, P. Buttery","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595453","url":null,"abstract":"Despite efforts to standardise breeding, nutrition and husbandry regimes, consumer studies indicate that 17% of all loin chops sold in the UK are unacceptable in terms of toughness and dryness (Warkup et al., 1995). Recent evidence suggests that this unaccountable variability may be at least partly due to changes in the calpain-calpastatin proteolytic system around the time of slaughter, stimulated by changes in the circulating levels of the natural β-agonist adrenaline (Sensky et al., 1996). An increase in calpastatin, the inhibitory component of the system, at slaughter has also been shown to be associated with reduced degrees of tenderisation (Koohmaraie, 1992, Sensky et al., 1996b). Variation in the degree of β-receptor stimulation close to slaughter should therefore correlate with calpastatin levels at slaughter. This study aimed to investigate the validity of this claim.The diet of 30 female Landrace x Large White pigs (67 ± 1 kg) was supplemented with either 2 or 20 ppm nadolol, a β-antagonist, or clenbuterol, a β-agonist, 16 h before slaughter, giving 5 groups of 6 pigs, including controls (no supplement), with differing degrees of β-receptor stimulation, ranging from low (20 ppm nadolol) to high (20 ppm clenbuterol). Calpain and calpastatin activities were measured in samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) taken immediately after slaughter using chromatographic and fluorimetric techniques (Sensky et al., 1996b).","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114845977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s175275620059543x
G. Onibi, J. Scaife, I. Murray
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) especially n-3 PUFA are important components of healthy human diets but these fatty acids are very susceptible to oxidation. Lipid peroxidation has been implicated as contributor to many pathological processes in humans (Byers, 1993). It is well established that tissue vitamin E (α-tocopherol; AT) protects lipid against peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. During lipid oxidation, vitamin E supplies are depleted and there are health benefits from higher intakes of the vitamin. In this study, changes in fatty acid composition and AT content of pig muscle during-oxidation were examined.Twenty four Large White x Landrace pigs were individually fed, from 50 to 90 kg LW, either a control (CD) diet (containing palm oil) or a diet based on full-fat rapeseed (FFR; 250 g/kg) (diet FRD) with varying levels of α-tocopheryl acetate (ATA) (0, 200 and 500 mg/kg diet for FRD0, FRD200 and FRD500 respectively). Diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric.
{"title":"Fatty Acid Profile and α-Tocopherol Content of Porcine Muscle During Oxidative Changes","authors":"G. Onibi, J. Scaife, I. Murray","doi":"10.1017/s175275620059543x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s175275620059543x","url":null,"abstract":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) especially n-3 PUFA are important components of healthy human diets but these fatty acids are very susceptible to oxidation. Lipid peroxidation has been implicated as contributor to many pathological processes in humans (Byers, 1993). It is well established that tissue vitamin E (α-tocopherol; AT) protects lipid against peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. During lipid oxidation, vitamin E supplies are depleted and there are health benefits from higher intakes of the vitamin. In this study, changes in fatty acid composition and AT content of pig muscle during-oxidation were examined.Twenty four Large White x Landrace pigs were individually fed, from 50 to 90 kg LW, either a control (CD) diet (containing palm oil) or a diet based on full-fat rapeseed (FFR; 250 g/kg) (diet FRD) with varying levels of α-tocopheryl acetate (ATA) (0, 200 and 500 mg/kg diet for FRD0, FRD200 and FRD500 respectively). Diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127107088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s175275620059454x
V. L. Glasgow, S. Edwards, M. Slessor, H. Fraser
Commercially, restricting dietary nitrogen intake in breeding sows of lean genotype may be desirable. Reducing protein intake whilst maintaining high energy levels will result in limited lean tissue growth and promote fat accretion. This would be beneficial in ensuring more back fat reserves for lactation and reducing nitrogen pollution of the environment. However lowered protein levels during lactation have been shown to result in a negative nitrogen balance and extended weaning to oestrus intervals (King and Williams, 1984). In this experiment trans-rectal ultrasonography was used to assess any detrimental effects of protein restriction on ovarian activity in non lactating sows.
{"title":"The effect of protein restriction on reproductive parameters in sows of different parities","authors":"V. L. Glasgow, S. Edwards, M. Slessor, H. Fraser","doi":"10.1017/s175275620059454x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s175275620059454x","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially, restricting dietary nitrogen intake in breeding sows of lean genotype may be desirable. Reducing protein intake whilst maintaining high energy levels will result in limited lean tissue growth and promote fat accretion. This would be beneficial in ensuring more back fat reserves for lactation and reducing nitrogen pollution of the environment. However lowered protein levels during lactation have been shown to result in a negative nitrogen balance and extended weaning to oestrus intervals (King and Williams, 1984). In this experiment trans-rectal ultrasonography was used to assess any detrimental effects of protein restriction on ovarian activity in non lactating sows.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129737628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200594551
J. Dalby, M. Varley, J. M. Forbes, S. Jagger
Feeding regimes in commercial practice do not always meet precisely the changing nutritional requirements of growing pigs. Increasing the number of feeds offered (phase feeding) or, alternatively, allowing the animals to select their own diet from a choice of foods may improve the balance between nutrient supply and animal requirements. The aim of this experiment was to compare 8 feeding strategies from weaning to slaughter at 90kg.
{"title":"A comparison of choice, phase and single feeding systems in pigs from weaning to slaughter","authors":"J. Dalby, M. Varley, J. M. Forbes, S. Jagger","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200594551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594551","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding regimes in commercial practice do not always meet precisely the changing nutritional requirements of growing pigs. Increasing the number of feeds offered (phase feeding) or, alternatively, allowing the animals to select their own diet from a choice of foods may improve the balance between nutrient supply and animal requirements. The aim of this experiment was to compare 8 feeding strategies from weaning to slaughter at 90kg.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127584437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200594538
M. Crisol, S. Edwards, P. English
Selection for carcass leanness in pig breeding schemes has promoted lean tissue growth rate whilst reducing body fat stores and appetite. Dietary protein restriction has been proposed as a way to enhance body fat reserves in the breeding animal. However, protein restriction during gilt rearing has been shown to adversely affect reproductive performance (Cia et al., 1996). The aim of this study was to test the effect of short term elevation of dietary protein prior to ovulation in gilts reared on restricted protein, to determine whether short term improvement in metabolic state could reverse these detrimental effects.
{"title":"Short and long term effects of protein nutrition on reproduction in gilts","authors":"M. Crisol, S. Edwards, P. English","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200594538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594538","url":null,"abstract":"Selection for carcass leanness in pig breeding schemes has promoted lean tissue growth rate whilst reducing body fat stores and appetite. Dietary protein restriction has been proposed as a way to enhance body fat reserves in the breeding animal. However, protein restriction during gilt rearing has been shown to adversely affect reproductive performance (Cia et al., 1996). The aim of this study was to test the effect of short term elevation of dietary protein prior to ovulation in gilts reared on restricted protein, to determine whether short term improvement in metabolic state could reverse these detrimental effects.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595489
A. Burfoot, R. M. Kay, S. Corning
With the advent of the stall and tether ban in the UK it is now a requirement to house dry sows in groups throughout their pregnancy which necessitates their being mixed with other sows at some point after service. It is generally recommended that mixing sows during the embryo implantation period should be avoided as this is thought to effect embryo survival rates. The object of this experiment was to demonstrate the aggression that occurs between sows after mixing and determine the effect on reproductive performance when mixing sows at different times during the 42 days post-service.294 sows were mixed at six different times during early pregnancy: 0 to 7(T1), 8 to 14,(T2) 15 to 21(T3), 22 to 28(T4), 29 to 35(T5) and 36 to 42(T6) days post service. Six groups of sows from six consecutive weeks weanings were served at the first post-weaning oestrus and kept in stable weekly treatment groups until the sixth group was served.
{"title":"Reproductive performance and aggression between sows re-mixed into small stable groups at different stages during the embryo implantation period following initial mixing at weaning","authors":"A. Burfoot, R. M. Kay, S. Corning","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595489","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of the stall and tether ban in the UK it is now a requirement to house dry sows in groups throughout their pregnancy which necessitates their being mixed with other sows at some point after service. It is generally recommended that mixing sows during the embryo implantation period should be avoided as this is thought to effect embryo survival rates. The object of this experiment was to demonstrate the aggression that occurs between sows after mixing and determine the effect on reproductive performance when mixing sows at different times during the 42 days post-service.294 sows were mixed at six different times during early pregnancy: 0 to 7(T1), 8 to 14,(T2) 15 to 21(T3), 22 to 28(T4), 29 to 35(T5) and 36 to 42(T6) days post service. Six groups of sows from six consecutive weeks weanings were served at the first post-weaning oestrus and kept in stable weekly treatment groups until the sixth group was served.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127542138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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