Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592199
R. Treacher
Enzymes have been successfully used to improve the nutritional value of cereal based feeds for pigs and poultry since the early eighties. Their benefits derive from improved digestion of nutrients following the destruction of anti-nutritional compounds such as β-glucans and arabinoxylans and the augmentation of the animal's existing enzyme arsenal where this may be sub-optimal. In the ruminant sphere fibrolytic enzymes have been used as aids to silage preservation for almost as long. Their action here is to enhance natural sugar levels by the breakdown of structural carbohydrates - an action which can concurrently render the fibre more amenable to digestion by rumen microbes.
{"title":"Ruminants and feed enzymes","authors":"R. Treacher","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592199","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes have been successfully used to improve the nutritional value of cereal based feeds for pigs and poultry since the early eighties. Their benefits derive from improved digestion of nutrients following the destruction of anti-nutritional compounds such as β-glucans and arabinoxylans and the augmentation of the animal's existing enzyme arsenal where this may be sub-optimal. In the ruminant sphere fibrolytic enzymes have been used as aids to silage preservation for almost as long. Their action here is to enhance natural sugar levels by the breakdown of structural carbohydrates - an action which can concurrently render the fibre more amenable to digestion by rumen microbes.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125184186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592485
I. Kyriazakis, D. H. Anderson, M. Lewis, J. Oldham, T. Papachristou, T. Stegeman
An experiment was carried out to investigate the hypothesis that the diet selection of ruminant animals from two foods of different rapidly rumen degradable protein contents could be affected by the differences in the rate of synchrony between carbohydrate fermentation and degradation of protein in the rumen. The diet selection of the animals was measured both in the 'long-term' (daily) and 'short-term' (2h intervals within the day).Twelve rumen fistulated mature female sheep (liveweight 59.1 kg) were used. Four foods (A,B,C and D) with the same ME (9.6 MJ/kg fresh food) and similar, high metab/sable protein contents were made into pellets. Two of the foods were based on a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate source (barley, A and B foods) and the other two on a slowly fermentable carbohydrate source (plain sugar beet pulp, C and D foods). Within each source one food (A or C) had a low (70) and the other a high (140 g/kg) concentration of effective rumen degradable content (RDP).
{"title":"The effect of synchronising the supply of energy and protein to the rumen on the short and long-term diet selection of sheep","authors":"I. Kyriazakis, D. H. Anderson, M. Lewis, J. Oldham, T. Papachristou, T. Stegeman","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592485","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out to investigate the hypothesis that the diet selection of ruminant animals from two foods of different rapidly rumen degradable protein contents could be affected by the differences in the rate of synchrony between carbohydrate fermentation and degradation of protein in the rumen. The diet selection of the animals was measured both in the 'long-term' (daily) and 'short-term' (2h intervals within the day).Twelve rumen fistulated mature female sheep (liveweight 59.1 kg) were used. Four foods (A,B,C and D) with the same ME (9.6 MJ/kg fresh food) and similar, high metab/sable protein contents were made into pellets. Two of the foods were based on a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate source (barley, A and B foods) and the other two on a slowly fermentable carbohydrate source (plain sugar beet pulp, C and D foods). Within each source one food (A or C) had a low (70) and the other a high (140 g/kg) concentration of effective rumen degradable content (RDP).","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126081728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593831
W. S. Dingwall, W. McKelvey, F. E. Gebbie, J. Robinson
The development of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination for sheep has been essential for the implementation of national Sire Reference Schemes in the UK (McKelvey and Simm, 1995). Whilst conception rate to artificial insemination (AI) has averaged 60-70% in most participating flocks, a number of flocks have experienced a proportion of their ewes returning to anoestrus following AI. This phenomenon restricts the implementation of sire reference schemes and it has been proposed that die causal factor could be the presence of a persistent corpus luteum at the time of insemination.
{"title":"The incidence of elevated progestrone at the time of insemination in Suffolk ewes bred in August","authors":"W. S. Dingwall, W. McKelvey, F. E. Gebbie, J. Robinson","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593831","url":null,"abstract":"The development of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination for sheep has been essential for the implementation of national Sire Reference Schemes in the UK (McKelvey and Simm, 1995). Whilst conception rate to artificial insemination (AI) has averaged 60-70% in most participating flocks, a number of flocks have experienced a proportion of their ewes returning to anoestrus following AI. This phenomenon restricts the implementation of sire reference schemes and it has been proposed that die causal factor could be the presence of a persistent corpus luteum at the time of insemination.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115494099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s0308229600031512
J. Anderson, R. Axford, I. Ap Dewi
Previous research conducted on bulls, rats and man have shown that selenium-deficient animals produce less viable semen than animals of an adequate status, because the tail of the spermatozoa is a seleno-flagellate (Slaweta et al., 1988). Furthermore, the fertilising ability of ram spermatozoa is reduced in liquid nitrogen as the semen quality is affected by osmolality and the freezing and thawing process (Colas and Guerin, 1981). In a small experiment, the effect of selenium supplementation on low-selenium rams was tested to ascertain the quality and viability of fresh ram semen and the post-thaw recovery and fertilising ability of frozen semen.
先前对公牛、大鼠和人进行的研究表明，缺硒动物产生的精液比缺硒动物产生的精液少，因为精子的尾部是硒鞭毛虫(Slaweta et al.， 1988)。此外，由于精液质量受到渗透压和冷冻和解冻过程的影响，公羊精子在液氮中的受精能力降低(Colas和Guerin, 1981)。在小型试验中，研究了硒对低硒公羊新鲜精液的质量和活力以及解冻后冷冻精液的恢复和受精能力的影响。
{"title":"The effect of selenium supplementation on fresh and frozen ram semen","authors":"J. Anderson, R. Axford, I. Ap Dewi","doi":"10.1017/s0308229600031512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031512","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research conducted on bulls, rats and man have shown that selenium-deficient animals produce less viable semen than animals of an adequate status, because the tail of the spermatozoa is a seleno-flagellate (Slaweta et al., 1988). Furthermore, the fertilising ability of ram spermatozoa is reduced in liquid nitrogen as the semen quality is affected by osmolality and the freezing and thawing process (Colas and Guerin, 1981). In a small experiment, the effect of selenium supplementation on low-selenium rams was tested to ascertain the quality and viability of fresh ram semen and the post-thaw recovery and fertilising ability of frozen semen.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116542827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s175275620059228x
A. R. Moss, Karen C. O'Callaghan
There is a need to be able to measure the methane producing potential of a range of feedstuffs under different rumen conditions in order to predict more accurately the amount of methane produced per animal. In vitro techniques using rumen fluid as an innoculum can be considered as models of in vivo rumen digestion and have been applied to estimate digestibility of feedstuffs. The in vitro gas production technique (Menke et. al., 1979) can be used successfully to estimate this but there has been limited attempts to use it to estimate the methane producing potential of feedstuffs. The objective was to assess the potential of the technique to do this.Three pure substrates, glucose (G), pectin (P) and cellulose (C) (lg) were pre-wetted in 94ml of medium D (Theodorou et. al., 1994). inoculated with strained rumen fluid (from wether sheep. 10ml) and incubated without agitation for 72h at 39°C.
需要能够测量不同瘤胃条件下一系列饲料产生甲烷的潜力，以便更准确地预测每只动物产生的甲烷量。以瘤胃液为原型的体外技术可以被认为是体内瘤胃消化的模型，并已被用于估计饲料的消化率。体外产气技术(Menke et al.， 1979)可以成功地用于估计这一点，但使用它来估计饲料产生甲烷的潜力的尝试有限。目的是评估该技术实现这一目标的潜力。三种纯底物，葡萄糖(G)，果胶(P)和纤维素(C) (lg)在94ml培养基D中预湿(Theodorou et. al.， 1994)。用分离的瘤胃液接种。10ml)，在39°C下无搅拌孵育72小时。
{"title":"Stoichiometry of in vitro fermentation of pure substrates with particular emphasis on methane production, using the cumulative gas production technique","authors":"A. R. Moss, Karen C. O'Callaghan","doi":"10.1017/s175275620059228x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s175275620059228x","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to be able to measure the methane producing potential of a range of feedstuffs under different rumen conditions in order to predict more accurately the amount of methane produced per animal. In vitro techniques using rumen fluid as an innoculum can be considered as models of in vivo rumen digestion and have been applied to estimate digestibility of feedstuffs. The in vitro gas production technique (Menke et. al., 1979) can be used successfully to estimate this but there has been limited attempts to use it to estimate the methane producing potential of feedstuffs. The objective was to assess the potential of the technique to do this.Three pure substrates, glucose (G), pectin (P) and cellulose (C) (lg) were pre-wetted in 94ml of medium D (Theodorou et. al., 1994). inoculated with strained rumen fluid (from wether sheep. 10ml) and incubated without agitation for 72h at 39°C.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129648631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s0308229600031287
A. Harvey, R. J. Orr
The objective was to identify the long term consequence of two extreme scales of spatial heterogeneity of perennial ryegrass and white clover on the diet selected by sheep, together with plant to plant species competition and hence sward composition. Large patches (ie highly aggregated swards) offer minimum between plant species competition, but maximum likelihood of selection by the grazing animals, whereas a fine mixture of two plant species provides maximum between plant species competition and reduced opportunity for selection by the grazing animals.
{"title":"The effects of spatial aggregation of grass and clover swards grazed by sheep on diet and sward composition","authors":"A. Harvey, R. J. Orr","doi":"10.1017/s0308229600031287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031287","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to identify the long term consequence of two extreme scales of spatial heterogeneity of perennial ryegrass and white clover on the diet selected by sheep, together with plant to plant species competition and hence sward composition. Large patches (ie highly aggregated swards) offer minimum between plant species competition, but maximum likelihood of selection by the grazing animals, whereas a fine mixture of two plant species provides maximum between plant species competition and reduced opportunity for selection by the grazing animals.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123920482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592631
T. Keady, C. Mayne, M. Marsden
Considerable progress has been made recently at this Institute in improving the accuracy of prediction of silage intake when offered as the sole diet. However in most farm situations, silage is usually supplemented with varying levels and types of concentrate when offered to dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on the voluntary food intake and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle when offered a diverse range of grass silages.A total of five grass silages were used in the study, silages A, B and D were produced from primary regrowths, while silages C and E were produced from second regrowths of perennial ryegrass swards. Silages A, B, C, D and E were ensiled after 48, 24, 0, 0 and 24 hour wilting periods. Silages A and C were ensiled untreated, B and D treated with an inoculant, and silage E treated with a formic acid based additive.
{"title":"An examination of the effect of concentrate energy source on milk production of dairy cows offered grass silages with differing intake characteristics","authors":"T. Keady, C. Mayne, M. Marsden","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592631","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable progress has been made recently at this Institute in improving the accuracy of prediction of silage intake when offered as the sole diet. However in most farm situations, silage is usually supplemented with varying levels and types of concentrate when offered to dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of concentrate energy source on the voluntary food intake and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle when offered a diverse range of grass silages.A total of five grass silages were used in the study, silages A, B and D were produced from primary regrowths, while silages C and E were produced from second regrowths of perennial ryegrass swards. Silages A, B, C, D and E were ensiled after 48, 24, 0, 0 and 24 hour wilting periods. Silages A and C were ensiled untreated, B and D treated with an inoculant, and silage E treated with a formic acid based additive.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124203856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592655
T. Keady, J. Murphy
Recent studies have shown that the use of an effective bacterial inoculant as a silage additive results in improvements in animal performance of dairy and beef cattle. Treatment with an inoculant based on a single strain of L. plantarum has increased silage digestibility and altered the composition of rumen fluid in beef cattle (Keady and Steen, 1994 and 1995). Inoculant products vary in composition, containing different bacteria species and numbers, possibly with the addition of enzymes, clostridiaphages and rumen enhancers. The present study was designed to evaluate an inoculant containing mixed strains of bacteria, enzymes, bacteriophages and a rumen enhancer through lactating dairy cattle and to study its effects on diet digestibility and rumen fermentation patterns.Herbage was harvested from the primary regrowth of a predominantly perennial ryegrass sward, which had received 99 kg nitrogen (N) per ha after the previous harvest, after a fifty-one day regrowth interval. Herbage was mown down using a mower conditioner and picked up immediately, unwilled, using a precision chop harvester.
{"title":"Effects of inoculant treatment on silage fermentation and digestibility and on rumen fermentation, dry matter intake and performance of lactating dairy cattle","authors":"T. Keady, J. Murphy","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592655","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that the use of an effective bacterial inoculant as a silage additive results in improvements in animal performance of dairy and beef cattle. Treatment with an inoculant based on a single strain of L. plantarum has increased silage digestibility and altered the composition of rumen fluid in beef cattle (Keady and Steen, 1994 and 1995). Inoculant products vary in composition, containing different bacteria species and numbers, possibly with the addition of enzymes, clostridiaphages and rumen enhancers. The present study was designed to evaluate an inoculant containing mixed strains of bacteria, enzymes, bacteriophages and a rumen enhancer through lactating dairy cattle and to study its effects on diet digestibility and rumen fermentation patterns.Herbage was harvested from the primary regrowth of a predominantly perennial ryegrass sward, which had received 99 kg nitrogen (N) per ha after the previous harvest, after a fifty-one day regrowth interval. Herbage was mown down using a mower conditioner and picked up immediately, unwilled, using a precision chop harvester.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114616401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593454
P. Simmins, J. Braund, A. Laurie, J. Pinasseau, J. Weigel
The potential reduction in nitrogenous excretion by growing pigs, through the reduction of protein levels in diets, has not been consistently achieved without compromising performance. This may have been due to inadequate formulation of the diets. Formulation on the basis of the total amino acid content of feed ingredients may limit the nitrogen retention, and hence the rate of protein accretion (Lee et al., 1993). Therefore, the objective of the experiment reported here was to evaluate the nitrogen balance of pigs fed diets at two levels of protein, formulated on the basis of true ileal digestibility of the essential amino acids (Rhône-Poulenc Animal Nutrition, 1993) and the net energy available from the raw materials (Noblet et al., 1994).
在不影响生产性能的情况下，通过降低日粮中蛋白质水平来潜在地减少生长猪的氮排泄并不是始终如一地实现的。这可能是由于饮食配方不充分造成的。以饲料原料的总氨基酸含量为基础的配方可能会限制氮的保留，从而限制蛋白质的增加速度(Lee et al.， 1993)。因此，本试验报告的目的是评估饲喂两种蛋白质水平饲粮的猪的氮平衡，这两种蛋白质水平是根据必需氨基酸的真实回肠消化率(Rhône-Poulenc Animal Nutrition, 1993)和原料的净能量(Noblet et al.， 1994)制定的。
{"title":"Reduction of nitrogen excretion by pigs between 20 and 50 kg live weight given low protein diets","authors":"P. Simmins, J. Braund, A. Laurie, J. Pinasseau, J. Weigel","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593454","url":null,"abstract":"The potential reduction in nitrogenous excretion by growing pigs, through the reduction of protein levels in diets, has not been consistently achieved without compromising performance. This may have been due to inadequate formulation of the diets. Formulation on the basis of the total amino acid content of feed ingredients may limit the nitrogen retention, and hence the rate of protein accretion (Lee et al., 1993). Therefore, the objective of the experiment reported here was to evaluate the nitrogen balance of pigs fed diets at two levels of protein, formulated on the basis of true ileal digestibility of the essential amino acids (Rhône-Poulenc Animal Nutrition, 1993) and the net energy available from the raw materials (Noblet et al., 1994).","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131945813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593272
M. B. Salawu, T. Acamovic, C. Stewart, F. Hovell
Quebracho (Loxopterygium loetzil) tannins (QT) are condensed tannins that reduce the digestibilities of nutrients in ruminants (Robbins, et al, 1991), probably by forming complexes with the dietary protein and carbohydrates and reducing microbial activities (Makkar, et al, 1988). Browse Plus (BP), a commercial preparation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has recently been used to improve the nutritive value of tannin-containing browses. Trials on commercial farms in Zimbabwe have demonstrated that BP improved the nutritional performance of cattle fed high tannin diets (Anon., 1995). Some in vitro work tend to support these findings (Acamovic, et al, 1995). An experiment to study the effectiveness of BP in ameliorating the effects of QT on the rumen environment was conducted.
Quebracho (Loxopterygium loetzil)单宁(QT)是一种缩合单宁，可以降低反刍动物对营养物质的消化率(Robbins, et al .， 1991)，可能是通过与膳食中的蛋白质和碳水化合物形成复合物，从而降低微生物的活性(Makkar, et al .， 1988)。聚乙二醇(PEG)的商业制剂Browse Plus (BP)最近被用于提高含有单宁的Browse的营养价值。在津巴布韦的商业农场进行的试验表明，BP改善了饲喂高单宁饲料的牛的营养性能(Anon, 1995)。一些体外研究倾向于支持这些发现(Acamovic, et al, 1995)。本试验旨在研究BP对QT对瘤胃环境影响的改善作用。
{"title":"The utilisation of a commercial polyethylene glycol preparation to ameliorate the influence of tannins on rumen environment","authors":"M. B. Salawu, T. Acamovic, C. Stewart, F. Hovell","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593272","url":null,"abstract":"Quebracho (Loxopterygium loetzil) tannins (QT) are condensed tannins that reduce the digestibilities of nutrients in ruminants (Robbins, et al, 1991), probably by forming complexes with the dietary protein and carbohydrates and reducing microbial activities (Makkar, et al, 1988). Browse Plus (BP), a commercial preparation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has recently been used to improve the nutritive value of tannin-containing browses. Trials on commercial farms in Zimbabwe have demonstrated that BP improved the nutritional performance of cattle fed high tannin diets (Anon., 1995). Some in vitro work tend to support these findings (Acamovic, et al, 1995). An experiment to study the effectiveness of BP in ameliorating the effects of QT on the rumen environment was conducted.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132117997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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