Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595441
R. Bradshaw, J. M. Randall, M. Stiles, S. Brown, M. Forsling, R. Rodway, J. Goode, P. Warriss, D. Broom
Forsling et al. (1984) have shown that exposure to vibration and noise leads to raised concentrations of plasma lysine vasopressin (LVP) in pigs. Pigs can exhibit symptoms of travel sickness during road transport even when, following commercial practice, they are not fed before transportation. These symptoms appear to be associated with elevated concentrations of plasma LVP (Bradshaw et al. in press). We wished to establish whether concentrations of plasma LVP at exsanguination may reveal which pigs had been travel sick during the journey to slaughter and whether those pigs exhibited subsequent poor meat quality.Fifty 90 kg slaughter pigs were transported on a lorry (25 each day for two days, food withdrawn the previous evening at 1700) for five hours (0.49 m2 per pig). RHB travelled in the main body of the vehicle scanning the individually marked pigs every 8 min for incidences of standing, lying and symptoms of travel sickness (sniffing, foaming at the mouth, chomping, retching and vomiting).
{"title":"Effects of travel sickness on stress hormones and meat quality in pigs","authors":"R. Bradshaw, J. M. Randall, M. Stiles, S. Brown, M. Forsling, R. Rodway, J. Goode, P. Warriss, D. Broom","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595441","url":null,"abstract":"Forsling et al. (1984) have shown that exposure to vibration and noise leads to raised concentrations of plasma lysine vasopressin (LVP) in pigs. Pigs can exhibit symptoms of travel sickness during road transport even when, following commercial practice, they are not fed before transportation. These symptoms appear to be associated with elevated concentrations of plasma LVP (Bradshaw et al. in press). We wished to establish whether concentrations of plasma LVP at exsanguination may reveal which pigs had been travel sick during the journey to slaughter and whether those pigs exhibited subsequent poor meat quality.Fifty 90 kg slaughter pigs were transported on a lorry (25 each day for two days, food withdrawn the previous evening at 1700) for five hours (0.49 m2 per pig). RHB travelled in the main body of the vehicle scanning the individually marked pigs every 8 min for incidences of standing, lying and symptoms of travel sickness (sniffing, foaming at the mouth, chomping, retching and vomiting).","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121249359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595507
V. Pritchard, S. Edwards, P. English
Group housing of sows is becoming a commonly used housing method in modern pig production because of welfare legislation which requires the phasing out of all stall and tether systems by 1999. Since group housing exposes sows to potential social stressors, the objective of this study was to determine whether dominance order has an effect on the behavioural expression of oestrus and mating behaviour of sows.
{"title":"Oestrus and mating behaviour in group housed sows and the effect of social dominance","authors":"V. Pritchard, S. Edwards, P. English","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595507","url":null,"abstract":"Group housing of sows is becoming a commonly used housing method in modern pig production because of welfare legislation which requires the phasing out of all stall and tether systems by 1999. Since group housing exposes sows to potential social stressors, the objective of this study was to determine whether dominance order has an effect on the behavioural expression of oestrus and mating behaviour of sows.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131644603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595477
P. Bampton
Eating quality of fresh pork is important to consumers and processors. To assess the effect of genetic selection and breed substitution it is necessary to examine the relationships between eating quality and performance and carcass traits.
{"title":"Relationships between taste panel assessment and meat quality in pigs","authors":"P. Bampton","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595477","url":null,"abstract":"Eating quality of fresh pork is important to consumers and processors. To assess the effect of genetic selection and breed substitution it is necessary to examine the relationships between eating quality and performance and carcass traits.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114328186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595465
I. E. Annor -Frempong, G. Nute, F. Whittington, J. Wood
The solution to the problem of ‘boar taint’, a major limitation to the production of entire male pigs, may lie in the development of an effective sorting (classification) mechanism for quality control purposes. Attempts to relate the concentrations of the major taint - causing compounds (androstenone and skatole) to panel/consumer acceptability have been confused by the complex underlying interrelationships between the compounds and the difficulty in measuring taint reliably using a sensory panel. The main objectives of the study were; 1. To investigate sensory responses to taint compounds. 2. To identify a reliable scale of measurement of response that could lead to the development of a calibration system for the classification of pigs.
{"title":"Sensory measurement of the response to ‘boar taint’ in pork and in a model lipid system containing androstenone, skatole and indole","authors":"I. E. Annor -Frempong, G. Nute, F. Whittington, J. Wood","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595465","url":null,"abstract":"The solution to the problem of ‘boar taint’, a major limitation to the production of entire male pigs, may lie in the development of an effective sorting (classification) mechanism for quality control purposes. Attempts to relate the concentrations of the major taint - causing compounds (androstenone and skatole) to panel/consumer acceptability have been confused by the complex underlying interrelationships between the compounds and the difficulty in measuring taint reliably using a sensory panel. The main objectives of the study were; 1. To investigate sensory responses to taint compounds. 2. To identify a reliable scale of measurement of response that could lead to the development of a calibration system for the classification of pigs.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114784731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595416
R. N. Weatherup, V. Beattie, B. Moss, N. Walker
Slaughter weights for pigs in the United Kingdom have traditionally been much lower than in most other European countries and in North America (Ellis and Avery, 1990). The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of increasing slaughter weight on growth performance of pigs and on meat quality.Ninety-six ¾ LR/LW 50 kg live weight pigs were allocated to a 3 x 4 factorial design with eight replicates. The variables were carcass weight which had four levels, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kg (corresponding live weights 92, 103, 114 and 125 kg) and gender with three levels, boars, castrates and gilts. Pigs were individually penned and offered feed ad libitum (DE 13.9 MJ/kg, lysine 10.5 g/kg). Feed intake and live weight gain was recorded over the experimental period and sample joints from the left L. dorsi muscle were obtained at slaughter. Cross sectional area of L. dorsi muscle and fat, lean and bone content of joint was determined and a number of meat quality assessments performed.
{"title":"The effect of increasing slaughter weight on growth performance of pigs and on meat quality","authors":"R. N. Weatherup, V. Beattie, B. Moss, N. Walker","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595416","url":null,"abstract":"Slaughter weights for pigs in the United Kingdom have traditionally been much lower than in most other European countries and in North America (Ellis and Avery, 1990). The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of increasing slaughter weight on growth performance of pigs and on meat quality.Ninety-six ¾ LR/LW 50 kg live weight pigs were allocated to a 3 x 4 factorial design with eight replicates. The variables were carcass weight which had four levels, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kg (corresponding live weights 92, 103, 114 and 125 kg) and gender with three levels, boars, castrates and gilts. Pigs were individually penned and offered feed ad libitum (DE 13.9 MJ/kg, lysine 10.5 g/kg). Feed intake and live weight gain was recorded over the experimental period and sample joints from the left L. dorsi muscle were obtained at slaughter. Cross sectional area of L. dorsi muscle and fat, lean and bone content of joint was determined and a number of meat quality assessments performed.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130704994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200594514
R. Allison, P. Garnsworthy
Rumen inert fats are often included in dairy rations to increase the metabolisable energy (ME) supply whilst maintaining rumen function. Protected fat supplements have been shown to increase milk yields and fat content but with an associated and undesirable reduction in protein content. A reduced intake of rumen available energy (FME) may limit the microbial protein yield and so reduce the supply of amino acids to the mammary gland. Lactose supplements have been shown to increase the flow of microbial protein to the intestines (Chamberlain et al, 1993) and to reduce the effect of protected fats on milk protein content during early lactation (Garnsworthy, 1996). A trial was conducted to determine whether lactose supplementation could reduce the effects of protected fats on milk protein content during mid lactation.
{"title":"The addition of lactose to the diets of dairy cows fed protected fats","authors":"R. Allison, P. Garnsworthy","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200594514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594514","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen inert fats are often included in dairy rations to increase the metabolisable energy (ME) supply whilst maintaining rumen function. Protected fat supplements have been shown to increase milk yields and fat content but with an associated and undesirable reduction in protein content. A reduced intake of rumen available energy (FME) may limit the microbial protein yield and so reduce the supply of amino acids to the mammary gland. Lactose supplements have been shown to increase the flow of microbial protein to the intestines (Chamberlain et al, 1993) and to reduce the effect of protected fats on milk protein content during early lactation (Garnsworthy, 1996). A trial was conducted to determine whether lactose supplementation could reduce the effects of protected fats on milk protein content during mid lactation.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124922552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-11DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200595179
I. Haq, E. Owen
Extension literature on upgrading straws in the tropics (e.g. Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989) advocates applying 1 kg of 40 g/kg urea solution per kg air dry straw and storing under plastic for 4 weeks. Surprisingly, there is little published information on responses to urea solution concentration and amounts to be applied in order to improve digestibility of organic matter (OMD) and maintain alkaline pH to enable preservation of treated straw. The present experiment aimed at providing such information as part of a study to assess the potential of animal or human urines for upgrading straw and bearing in mind that urines contain a range of urea concentrations.
{"title":"Upgrading wheat straw with urea at a tropical temperature: effects of urea concentration and amount of solution on in vitro digestibility and pH","authors":"I. Haq, E. Owen","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200595179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200595179","url":null,"abstract":"Extension literature on upgrading straws in the tropics (e.g. Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989) advocates applying 1 kg of 40 g/kg urea solution per kg air dry straw and storing under plastic for 4 weeks. Surprisingly, there is little published information on responses to urea solution concentration and amounts to be applied in order to improve digestibility of organic matter (OMD) and maintain alkaline pH to enable preservation of treated straw. The present experiment aimed at providing such information as part of a study to assess the potential of animal or human urines for upgrading straw and bearing in mind that urines contain a range of urea concentrations.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133916066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593892
H. Spoolder, J. Burbidge, S. Edwards, A. Lawrence, P. Simmins
In commercial practice, almost all pregnant sows are fed on restricted feeding regimes. Operant conditioning studies suggest that this results in the animals being food motivated for most of the day (Lawrence et at., 1988), a behavioural state which, in relatively barren environments, has been associated with the development of abnormal stereotypic behaviour (Spoolder et al., 1995). Straw provision reduces the development of stereotypies, possibly reflecting reduced (physiological) stress levels. In addition, it may result in lower nutritional requirements (Simmins et al., 1994).
在商业实践中，几乎所有怀孕母猪都采用限制饲喂方式。操作性条件反射研究表明，这导致动物在一天的大部分时间里都受到食物的激励(劳伦斯等)。(Spoolder et al.， 1995)，这是一种行为状态，在相对贫瘠的环境中，与异常刻板行为的发展有关。提供秸秆减少了刻板印象的形成，可能反映了(生理)压力水平的降低。此外，它还可能导致营养需求降低(Simmins et al.， 1994)。
{"title":"Effects of food level and straw provision during pregnancy on sow performance and responses to an adrenocorticotrophic hormone challenge","authors":"H. Spoolder, J. Burbidge, S. Edwards, A. Lawrence, P. Simmins","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593892","url":null,"abstract":"In commercial practice, almost all pregnant sows are fed on restricted feeding regimes. Operant conditioning studies suggest that this results in the animals being food motivated for most of the day (Lawrence et at., 1988), a behavioural state which, in relatively barren environments, has been associated with the development of abnormal stereotypic behaviour (Spoolder et al., 1995). Straw provision reduces the development of stereotypies, possibly reflecting reduced (physiological) stress levels. In addition, it may result in lower nutritional requirements (Simmins et al., 1994).","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121090296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592874
J. Metcalf, L. Crompton, F. Backwell, B. Bequette, M. Lomax, J. Sutton, J. Macrae, D. Beever
Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.
该小组以前的工作(Metcalf et al . 1996)表明，通过颈静脉输注不同的氨基酸混合物(AA)可以增加牛奶蛋白浓度。目前的实验部分是为了研究哪组AA在刺激牛奶蛋白质含量方面效果最大。
{"title":"The response of dairy cows to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids","authors":"J. Metcalf, L. Crompton, F. Backwell, B. Bequette, M. Lomax, J. Sutton, J. Macrae, D. Beever","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592874","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work by this group (Metcalf et al 1996) has shown that milk protein concentration can be increased by jugular infusion of different mixtures of amino acids (AA). The current experiment was designed in part to investigate which groups of AA had the greatest effect in stimulating milk protein content.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121123150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s030822960003169x
M. Mendl, K. Laughlin
Choice tests, which measure animals' preferences for resources, are increasingly used to aid the design of new husbandry systems. However, under farm conditions, these systems are not always used as desired. A possible explanation for this is that laboratory testing and on-farm conditions induce different states of stress or disturbance in animals which, in turn, affect processes underlying their choice behaviour. One important process which underlies choice behaviour is spatial memory. To choose accurately, animals need to learn and remember the location of different resources. Studies of deer and cattle, which involve animals learning the location of different stimuli, have shown that some individuals are unable to learn to avoid apparently aversive restraining crushes (Pollard et al., 1994; Grandin et al., 1994), and that calmer individuals may make more accurate choices (Grandin et al., 1994).
选择测试，衡量动物对资源的偏好，越来越多地用于帮助设计新的畜牧业系统。然而，在农场条件下，这些系统并不总是按预期使用。一种可能的解释是，实验室测试和农场条件会导致动物的不同压力或干扰状态，进而影响它们选择行为的过程。空间记忆是决定选择行为的一个重要过程。为了做出准确的选择，动物需要学习和记住不同资源的位置。对鹿和牛的研究，涉及动物学习不同刺激物的位置，表明一些个体无法学会避免明显令人厌恶的抑制挤压(Pollard et al.， 1994;Grandin et al.， 1994)，更冷静的人可能做出更准确的选择(Grandin et al.， 1994)。
{"title":"Effects of disturbance on spatial memory in pigs: implications for choice testing techniques","authors":"M. Mendl, K. Laughlin","doi":"10.1017/s030822960003169x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s030822960003169x","url":null,"abstract":"Choice tests, which measure animals' preferences for resources, are increasingly used to aid the design of new husbandry systems. However, under farm conditions, these systems are not always used as desired. A possible explanation for this is that laboratory testing and on-farm conditions induce different states of stress or disturbance in animals which, in turn, affect processes underlying their choice behaviour. One important process which underlies choice behaviour is spatial memory. To choose accurately, animals need to learn and remember the location of different resources. Studies of deer and cattle, which involve animals learning the location of different stimuli, have shown that some individuals are unable to learn to avoid apparently aversive restraining crushes (Pollard et al., 1994; Grandin et al., 1994), and that calmer individuals may make more accurate choices (Grandin et al., 1994).","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124998348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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