Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593697
A. Sibbald
Voluntary food intake is generally inversely related to body condition or fatness in mature sheep (Foot, 1972). Since the intake of pelleted diets by housed sheep consists of a number of discrete feeding bouts or 'meals' (e.g. Bermudez et al., 1989), the relatively long-term effect of body condition on intake will be achieved through changes in feeding behaviour at the level of a single meal. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on meal patterns in sheep, to investigate the mechanism by which body condition influences daily food intake.
{"title":"A comparison of the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on the feeding behaviour of sheep","authors":"A. Sibbald","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593697","url":null,"abstract":"Voluntary food intake is generally inversely related to body condition or fatness in mature sheep (Foot, 1972). Since the intake of pelleted diets by housed sheep consists of a number of discrete feeding bouts or 'meals' (e.g. Bermudez et al., 1989), the relatively long-term effect of body condition on intake will be achieved through changes in feeding behaviour at the level of a single meal. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of body condition and short-term food restriction on meal patterns in sheep, to investigate the mechanism by which body condition influences daily food intake.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129640966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200594150
A. Pendong, J. Barbi, E. Owen, E. Deaville
During the past twenty years the in vitro, two-stage digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) has been widely used to predict the in vivo digestible organic matter content (DOMD) of forage dry matter. Recently in vitro gas production methods have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential to simulate the fermentation kinetics of forages in the rumen. However the potential of gas production methods to assess DOMD, as well as fermentation kinetics, has not been reported.
{"title":"Prediction of in vivo digestibility of forages using in vitro techniques: comparison of the two-stage Tilley & Terry method with a gas production method","authors":"A. Pendong, J. Barbi, E. Owen, E. Deaville","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200594150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594150","url":null,"abstract":"During the past twenty years the in vitro, two-stage digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) has been widely used to predict the in vivo digestible organic matter content (DOMD) of forage dry matter. Recently in vitro gas production methods have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential to simulate the fermentation kinetics of forages in the rumen. However the potential of gas production methods to assess DOMD, as well as fermentation kinetics, has not been reported.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129659058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593430
G. Onibi, J. Scaife, V. R. Fowler, I. Murray
Unsaturated fatty acids especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are recognised as important components of a healthy human diets and increased intake has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (BNF, 1992). These fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation and lipid oxidation in meat may adversely affect meat quality and safety. However, tissue α-tocopherol (AT) may reduce oxidative changes. In this study, the effect of increased dietary supply of AT and unsaturated fatty acids on tissue AT content, fatty acid profiles and oxidative stability of pig muscle lipid was assessed.
{"title":"Influence of Dietary Fatty Acid and α-Tocopherol Supply on Tissue Fatty Acid Profiles, α-Tocopherol Content and Lipid Oxidation in Pigs","authors":"G. Onibi, J. Scaife, V. R. Fowler, I. Murray","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593430","url":null,"abstract":"Unsaturated fatty acids especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are recognised as important components of a healthy human diets and increased intake has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (BNF, 1992). These fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation and lipid oxidation in meat may adversely affect meat quality and safety. However, tissue α-tocopherol (AT) may reduce oxidative changes. In this study, the effect of increased dietary supply of AT and unsaturated fatty acids on tissue AT content, fatty acid profiles and oxidative stability of pig muscle lipid was assessed.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129672416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592382
C. Gilbert, M. Boulton, J. Goode, T. J. McGrath
An acutely stressful stimulus such as relocation from a familiar strawed pen to an unfamiliar farrowing crate during birth has been shown to interrupt the birth process and inhibit oxytocin secretion (Lawrence et al, 1992). Both of these departures from normal parturition could be prevented by administration of the μ opioid antagonist naloxone. A likely site of action for this effect is presynaptic μ receptors on noradrenergic nerve terminals in the hypothalamus (Onaka et al, 1995). Such a neuro-endocrine control system, if active in the day prior to birth, might influence the timing of the onset of parturition and its subsequent efficiency even in the absence of a stressful stimulus. This experiment tested this hypothesis.
研究表明，在分娩过程中，从熟悉的稻草围栏转移到不熟悉的产房会中断分娩过程，抑制催产素分泌(Lawrence et al, 1992)。这两种偏离正常分娩都可以通过服用μ阿片类拮抗剂纳洛酮来预防。这种作用的一个可能的作用部位是下丘脑去甲肾上腺素能神经末梢的突触前μ受体(Onaka et al, 1995)。这种神经内分泌控制系统，如果在产前一天活跃，即使在没有压力刺激的情况下，也可能影响分娩的开始时间及其随后的效率。这个实验验证了这个假设。
{"title":"Administration of naloxone prior to parturition delays the birth process in the pig","authors":"C. Gilbert, M. Boulton, J. Goode, T. J. McGrath","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592382","url":null,"abstract":"An acutely stressful stimulus such as relocation from a familiar strawed pen to an unfamiliar farrowing crate during birth has been shown to interrupt the birth process and inhibit oxytocin secretion (Lawrence et al, 1992). Both of these departures from normal parturition could be prevented by administration of the μ opioid antagonist naloxone. A likely site of action for this effect is presynaptic μ receptors on noradrenergic nerve terminals in the hypothalamus (Onaka et al, 1995). Such a neuro-endocrine control system, if active in the day prior to birth, might influence the timing of the onset of parturition and its subsequent efficiency even in the absence of a stressful stimulus. This experiment tested this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127053599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593971
L M McDonald, J Crane, A H Stewart, S A Edwards, P R English
In the U.K., an increasing number of farmers are housing growing-finishing pigs in large straw-bedded courts. While this method of housing is cost effective and has positive welfare perceptions there may be increased competition for the basic necessities such as food and water. This study was conducted to determine the effect of drinking trough space allowance on a number of performance and behavioural parameters when pigs are housed in large groups on straw.
{"title":"The effect of drinking trough space allowance on the behaviour and performance of growing pigs","authors":"L M McDonald, J Crane, A H Stewart, S A Edwards, P R English","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593971","url":null,"abstract":"In the U.K., an increasing number of farmers are housing growing-finishing pigs in large straw-bedded courts. While this method of housing is cost effective and has positive welfare perceptions there may be increased competition for the basic necessities such as food and water. This study was conducted to determine the effect of drinking trough space allowance on a number of performance and behavioural parameters when pigs are housed in large groups on straw.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130021606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592187
J. Day, I. Kyriazakis, A. Lawrence
Growing pigs are observed to spend a considerable amount of time chewing substrates in their environment (e.g. Jensen et al., 1993). This behaviour has been exposed to scientific investigation on many occasions because of its link to the serious welfare problem of tail-biting (see Fraser, 1987). However, there is still no motivational explanation which adequately describes the causation of chewing because it is unclear if the behaviour reflects feeding motivation, exploratory motivation, or a combination of both (Day et al., 1995). Therefore, this aim of this paper was to test the hypothesis that the initial exploratory chewing of a novel substrate may identify nutritional properties which could, if appropriate, reinforce feeding motivation and subsequent foraging behaviour.
据观察，生长猪在其环境中花费相当多的时间咀嚼底物(例如Jensen et al.， 1993)。由于这种行为与咬尾巴这一严重的福利问题有关，因此在许多场合都受到了科学调查(见弗雷泽，1987)。然而，目前还没有充分描述咀嚼原因的动机解释，因为尚不清楚该行为是反映觅食动机、探索动机还是两者的结合(Day et al.， 1995)。因此，本文的目的是验证一种假设，即对一种新型基质的初始探索性咀嚼可能会识别出营养特性，如果合适的话，这些营养特性可以增强进食动机和随后的觅食行为。
{"title":"The role of exploration and feeding motivation in the causation of tail-biting in growing pigs.","authors":"J. Day, I. Kyriazakis, A. Lawrence","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592187","url":null,"abstract":"Growing pigs are observed to spend a considerable amount of time chewing substrates in their environment (e.g. Jensen et al., 1993). This behaviour has been exposed to scientific investigation on many occasions because of its link to the serious welfare problem of tail-biting (see Fraser, 1987). However, there is still no motivational explanation which adequately describes the causation of chewing because it is unclear if the behaviour reflects feeding motivation, exploratory motivation, or a combination of both (Day et al., 1995). Therefore, this aim of this paper was to test the hypothesis that the initial exploratory chewing of a novel substrate may identify nutritional properties which could, if appropriate, reinforce feeding motivation and subsequent foraging behaviour.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131057467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593211
M. Keane, P. Allen
Use of high levels of fertiliser N on pasture and silage making can cause environmental pollution through nitrate leaching to ground water and accidental seepage of silage effluent to water courses. The reformed Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union promotes more extensive beef production on grassland to reduce these risks. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the consequences for animal performance and carcass traits of reducing fertiliser N and eliminating silage making in beef production.Forty eight Charolais x Friesian yearling steers (initial liveweight 358 kg) were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment at turn-out to pasture in April. The two factors were fertiliser N level (215 (Normal) and 57 (Low) kg/ha) over two consecutive grazing seasons and type of feed (grass silage or by-products) during the intervening winter.
{"title":"Effects of pasture fertiliser N level and winter diet type on performance, carcass and muscle traits of beef steers","authors":"M. Keane, P. Allen","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593211","url":null,"abstract":"Use of high levels of fertiliser N on pasture and silage making can cause environmental pollution through nitrate leaching to ground water and accidental seepage of silage effluent to water courses. The reformed Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union promotes more extensive beef production on grassland to reduce these risks. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the consequences for animal performance and carcass traits of reducing fertiliser N and eliminating silage making in beef production.Forty eight Charolais x Friesian yearling steers (initial liveweight 358 kg) were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment at turn-out to pasture in April. The two factors were fertiliser N level (215 (Normal) and 57 (Low) kg/ha) over two consecutive grazing seasons and type of feed (grass silage or by-products) during the intervening winter.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123715342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200592448
A. L. Abdalla, J. Sutton, D. Humphries, R. Phipps
Forage mixtures containing urea-treated whole crop wheat (WCW) have been shown to be used less efficiently than expected by dairy cows due to low digestibility, particularly of the starch. The purpose of the present experiment was to measure the contribution of the rumen to the digestibility of diets based on grass silage or mixtures of grass silage and urea-treated WCW.
{"title":"Digestibility of diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat in the rumen of lactating cows","authors":"A. L. Abdalla, J. Sutton, D. Humphries, R. Phipps","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200592448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592448","url":null,"abstract":"Forage mixtures containing urea-treated whole crop wheat (WCW) have been shown to be used less efficiently than expected by dairy cows due to low digestibility, particularly of the starch. The purpose of the present experiment was to measure the contribution of the rumen to the digestibility of diets based on grass silage or mixtures of grass silage and urea-treated WCW.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s1752756200593260
H.J. Kim, E. Kim, W. Maeng, M. Neville, R. Evans, A. Mcallan, N. Scollan
In many research situations it is useful to store silage frozen for use in future experiments. However, previous studies using fresh grass have demonstrated that freezing and thawing induces changes in the chemical composition of the herbage (Beever et al., 1974; MacRae et al., 1975). Of particular importance are the reductions in nitrogen and increases in carbohydrate solubility. The situation with grass silage is uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of freezing and thawing grass silage on intake, liveweight gain, rumen parameters and digestibility in steers.
在许多研究情况下，冷冻储存青贮饲料是有用的，以备将来的实验使用。然而，先前使用新鲜牧草的研究表明，冷冻和解冻会引起牧草化学成分的变化(Beever et al.， 1974;MacRae et al.， 1975)。特别重要的是氮的减少和碳水化合物溶解度的增加。青贮牧草的情况是不确定的。本试验旨在研究冻融草料对阉牛采食量、活重增重、瘤胃参数和消化率的影响。
{"title":"The effect of freezing and thawing grass silage on chemical composition and liveweight gain, intake, rumen fermentation characteristics and digestibility in steers","authors":"H.J. Kim, E. Kim, W. Maeng, M. Neville, R. Evans, A. Mcallan, N. Scollan","doi":"10.1017/s1752756200593260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200593260","url":null,"abstract":"In many research situations it is useful to store silage frozen for use in future experiments. However, previous studies using fresh grass have demonstrated that freezing and thawing induces changes in the chemical composition of the herbage (Beever et al., 1974; MacRae et al., 1975). Of particular importance are the reductions in nitrogen and increases in carbohydrate solubility. The situation with grass silage is uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of freezing and thawing grass silage on intake, liveweight gain, rumen parameters and digestibility in steers.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130644720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s175275620059423x
M. H. Roodsary, A. Younger
Little information is available on the dry matter degradability of whole-crop cereals and their components (Hill and Leaver 1994). In this experiment, the in sacco degradability of the DM of four cereal crops was determined, and the effect of physical alteration of whole-crops and their component parts was investigated.Winter sown crops of wheat (var.Riband) and barley (var.Marinka) and spring sown crops of wheat (var.Axona) and barley (var.Tyne) were cut at the “hard dough” stage of crop maturity and preserved with urea at 40 g kgDM-1 in plastic silos. The in sacco DM degradability of samples of these crops was determined in two fistulated dairy cows (Jerseys, mean liveweight 450 kg) using the method of Paine, Crawshaw and Barber (1982). The cows were fed alfalfa cubes (16% protein) and meadow grass hay, each at 3 kg d-1, and had continuous access to water.
关于全谷类作物及其成分的干物质可降解性的资料很少(Hill和Leaver 1994)。本试验测定了4种谷类作物的干物质在甘蔗中的降解率，并研究了整株作物及其组成部分的物理变化对其降解率的影响。冬播小麦(var.Riband)和大麦(var.Marinka)以及春播小麦(var.Axona)和大麦(var.Tyne)在作物成熟的“硬面团”阶段收割，用40 g kgDM-1的尿素保存在塑料筒仓中。采用Paine, Crawshaw和Barber(1982)的方法，在两头育肥奶牛(泽西奶牛，平均活重450公斤)中测定了这些作物样品的甘蔗干物质降解率。饲喂3 kg d-1的苜蓿块(含16%蛋白质)和草甸干草，并连续饮水。
{"title":"Effect of crop type and processing on the in sacco dry matter degradability of alkali-preserved whole-crop cereals in dairy cows","authors":"M. H. Roodsary, A. Younger","doi":"10.1017/s175275620059423x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s175275620059423x","url":null,"abstract":"Little information is available on the dry matter degradability of whole-crop cereals and their components (Hill and Leaver 1994). In this experiment, the in sacco degradability of the DM of four cereal crops was determined, and the effect of physical alteration of whole-crops and their component parts was investigated.Winter sown crops of wheat (var.Riband) and barley (var.Marinka) and spring sown crops of wheat (var.Axona) and barley (var.Tyne) were cut at the “hard dough” stage of crop maturity and preserved with urea at 40 g kgDM-1 in plastic silos. The in sacco DM degradability of samples of these crops was determined in two fistulated dairy cows (Jerseys, mean liveweight 450 kg) using the method of Paine, Crawshaw and Barber (1982). The cows were fed alfalfa cubes (16% protein) and meadow grass hay, each at 3 kg d-1, and had continuous access to water.","PeriodicalId":396702,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132523222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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