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What we know about information seeking and use and how research makes a difference in our knowing 我们对信息寻求和使用的了解,以及研究如何使我们的认识有所不同
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230182
B. Dervin
This paper summarizes what is known about everyday health information seeking and use, as supported by empirical research largely conducted during the 1980s and 1990’s. It draws implications for research and system design applicable to the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) MedlinePlus web portal and data base of consumer health information. Its focus is on the two academic disciplines that bear most directly on information seeking and use, each with different perspectives. Communication (COMM) whose orientation is the study of messaging and the effective transmission of information, and Library and Information Science (LIS) whose focus is on meeting user information needs. Although there is very little overlapping literature, Dr. Dervin’s career was spent working across these two research genres. She is known most prominently for her Sense-Making Methodology. Dr. Dervin supports the view that there are more commonalities than differences between the two disciplines, and that research focusing on the commonalities provides a better opportunity for accounting for more variance in human information seeking than the highly compartmentalized approaches that dominate the study of information seeking. Dr. Dervin’s first-person review of these literatures was commissioned by NLM in 2001. It remains relevant today both for its critical insights, and as an historical resource. It is published posthumously in 2023 in tribute to Dr. Dervin on her recent passing.
本文总结了在20世纪80年代和90年代主要进行的实证研究支持下,对日常健康信息的寻求和使用所知的情况。它为美国国家医学图书馆(NLM) MedlinePlus门户网站和消费者健康信息数据库的研究和系统设计提供了启示。它的重点是两个学科,承担最直接的信息寻求和使用,每一个不同的观点。通信(COMM),其方向是研究消息传递和信息的有效传递,图书馆与信息科学(LIS),其重点是满足用户的信息需求。尽管重叠的文献很少,但德文博士的职业生涯是在这两种研究类型中度过的。她最著名的是她的“意义生成方法论”。德文博士支持这样一种观点,即这两个学科之间的共性多于差异,而关注共性的研究提供了更好的机会,可以解释人类信息寻找过程中的更多差异,而不是主导信息寻找研究的高度划分的方法。德文博士于2001年受NLM委托对这些文献进行第一人称评论。这本书在今天仍然具有重要意义,因为它具有批判性的见解,而且是一种历史资源。该书于2023年出版,以纪念德文博士最近的逝世。
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引用次数: 0
Disparities in public understanding, attitudes, and intentions during the Covid-19 pandemic: The role of health literacy Covid-19大流行期间公众理解、态度和意图的差异:卫生素养的作用
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230185
K. McCaffery, J. Ayre, R. Dodd, K. Pickles, T. Copp, D. Muscat, B. Nickel, E. Cvejic, Michael Zhang, O. Mac, J. Isautier, S. Cornell, M. Wolf, C. Bonner
The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to address health literacy as a critical priority for public health. Health literacy is crucial during a pandemic for understanding and following health advice and for navigating vast amounts of information and misinformation. However, public health communication globally has inadequately met the needs of low literacy and culturally and linguistically diverse groups. This review examines the role of health literacy and how it is related to Covid-19 related outcomes, as well as how public health communication has routinely failed to follow basic health literacy principles. Lessons from the pandemic about health communication and recommendations for how health literacy needs can be addressed in the future are discussed. Improving public health communication requires an immediate short-term response and longer-term investment to build the health literacy responsiveness of public health units, health organisations, and government departments to meet health literacy population needs.
2019冠状病毒病大流行突出表明,有必要将卫生素养作为公共卫生的一项关键优先事项。在大流行期间,卫生素养对于理解和遵循卫生建议以及处理大量信息和错误信息至关重要。然而,全球公共卫生传播未能充分满足识字率低以及文化和语言多样化群体的需求。本综述探讨了卫生素养的作用及其与Covid-19相关结果的关系,以及公共卫生传播如何经常未能遵循基本卫生素养原则。讨论了大流行在卫生传播方面的经验教训,以及今后如何满足卫生知识普及需求的建议。改善公共卫生沟通需要立即作出短期反应,并进行长期投资,以建立公共卫生单位、卫生组织和政府部门对卫生知识普及的响应能力,以满足人口对卫生知识普及的需求。
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引用次数: 1
Addressing resistance to adopting relevant health promotion recommendations with strategic health communication 通过战略性卫生宣传解决对采纳相关健康促进建议的抵制问题
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230187
Gary L. Kreps
Health promotion is a complex communication process that involves identifying and recommending adoption of the best available evidence-based guidelines for addressing the most dangerous health risks confronting modern society. Despite the steady proliferation of major scientific advances in knowledge about the best available strategies for preventing and responding to many of these health risks, it has been frustratingly difficult to mobilize widespread adoption of recommended evidence-based health promotion guidelines by at-risk populations around the globe. Even worse, there has been a growing number of frustrating instances of active public resistance to adopting evidence-based public health guidelines concerning participation in screening efforts for detecting dangerous health risks as early as possible (when many health risks are most responsive to treatment), getting vaccinated help build public immunity to deadly infectious diseases, actively seeking needed health care to address health problems, following health care recommendations (including adhering with prescribed medications and treatment regimens), as well as integrating important behavioral practices into daily living, such as good nutrition, regular exercise, and strategies to prevent the spread of disease (like social distancing and wearing protective masks in public settings to reduce the spread of airborne infectious diseases). Effective health communication is needed to help members of the public, especially those who are at greatest risk for poor health outcomes (such as elderly, homeless, disenfranchised, disabled, immigrant, and those suffering from multiple co-morbidities) to recognize the seriousness and salience of public health threats, engage in recommended actions to minimize the likelihood of contracting these health problems, and to respond effectively when they encounter serious health risks. This article examines the significant challenges to communicating relevant health information to those who are confronting serious health risks, especially to members of the most vulnerable populations, and suggests strategies for effectively using communication messages and media for promoting adoption of recommended health promotion actions.
健康促进是一个复杂的沟通过程,涉及确定和建议采用现有的最佳循证指南,以解决现代社会面临的最危险的健康风险。尽管在预防和应对其中许多健康风险的最佳现有战略知识方面取得了重大科学进展,但令人沮丧的是,很难动员全球风险人群广泛采用推荐的循证健康促进指南。更糟糕的是,越来越多令人沮丧的事例表明,公众积极抵制采用循证公共卫生准则,这些准则涉及参与筛查工作,尽早发现危险的健康风险(在许多健康风险对治疗最敏感的时候),接种疫苗有助于建立公众对致命传染病的免疫力,积极寻求必要的卫生保健以解决健康问题,遵循卫生保健建议(包括遵守处方药物和治疗方案),以及将重要的行为实践融入日常生活,例如良好的营养、定期锻炼和预防疾病传播的策略(例如保持社交距离和在公共场所戴防护口罩以减少空气传播传染病)。需要进行有效的卫生沟通,以帮助公众,特别是那些面临不良健康结果风险最大的人(如老年人、无家可归者、被剥夺公民权的人、残疾人、移民和患有多种合并症的人)认识到公共卫生威胁的严重性和突出性,参与建议的行动,以尽量减少感染这些健康问题的可能性,并在遇到严重健康风险时作出有效反应。本文探讨了向面临严重健康风险的人,特别是最弱势群体成员传播相关健康信息的重大挑战,并提出了有效利用传播信息和媒体促进采纳所建议的健康促进行动的战略。
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引用次数: 0
Health literacy and empowerment in the COVID-19 era COVID-19时代的卫生素养和赋权
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230186
Sandra A. Smith, Elena T. Carbone
The COVID-19 pandemic presented a teachable moment to empower citizens to assess and apply information to protect their health by promoting critical health literacy. Most Americans took preventive measures, suggesting some overall increase in critical health literacy around infectious disease. Simultaneously, however, a torrent of misinformation, disinformation and malinformation intentionally buried facts, sewed doubt and confusion, promoted lies and conspiracies, and undermined health authorities and institutions. The authors discuss how this ‘infodemic’ rose from previously localized, unconnected anti-vaccination, anti-government, and anti-science groups galvanized by the pandemic. Prominent politicians seeking political gain lent the power of their offices to the movement, layering a ‘polidemic’ onto the infodemic and overwhelming inconsistent public health messaging. Even those with strong health literacy skills were challenged. Millions were misled to over-confidently self-manage their risk, revealing the possibility and perils of empowerment in the absence of critical health literacy skills – negative empowerment. The roots of resistance to the government response to COVID-19, and conditions that fostered its influence are examined, followed by recommendations to position health literacy scholars and practitioners to better meet communication challenges and opportunities in future crises.
2019冠状病毒病大流行提供了一个教育时机,使公民能够通过促进关键的卫生素养来评估和应用信息,以保护自己的健康。大多数美国人都采取了预防措施,这表明围绕传染病的关键健康素养总体上有所提高。然而,与此同时,大量的错误信息、虚假信息和恶意信息故意掩盖事实,制造怀疑和混乱,助长谎言和阴谋,并破坏卫生当局和机构。这组作者讨论了这种“信息大流行”是如何从以前局部的、互不关联的反疫苗、反政府和反科学团体中兴起的。寻求政治利益的著名政治家将其办公室的权力赋予了这场运动,将“流行病”叠加在信息流行病上,并压倒了不一致的公共卫生信息。即使是那些拥有强大卫生知识技能的人也面临挑战。数百万人被误导,过度自信地自我管理风险,暴露了在缺乏关键的卫生知识素养技能——消极赋权——的情况下赋权的可能性和危险。研究了抵制政府应对COVID-19的根源,以及培养其影响力的条件,然后提出了卫生素养学者和从业者的建议,以更好地应对未来危机中的传播挑战和机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Remembering Andrew Pleasant's career and contributions 记住安德鲁·普莱森特的职业生涯和贡献
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230184
C. O'Leary, Christina Zarcadoolas, F. Peres
This paper provides reflections on the career and contributions of Andrew Pleasant during his almost 30-year career in the health literacy field, from the perspectives of three of his close friends, Christina Zarcadoolas, Frederico Peres, and Catina O’Leary. As a health literacy professional, Andrew published 75 papers, nine chapters, and one book, becoming, over these years, very active from a local to an international level as a community researcher, university faculty member, and community organization leader. Across diverse settings, he wrote and shared his thoughts formally and informally to generate conversation about health literacy, science communication, environmental sciences, community engagement and public health, among many other topics. It was a labor of love for Andrew to communicate complex health and scientific information to people most in need of understanding information within the context of their lives, always reminding to those who had the privilege to share professional and personal experiences with him that we need to ask people, early and often, if we are getting it right and, when we are not, ask them how to do better. Accompanying his many written contributions to the field, Andrew’s legacy is his passion to appreciate, listen, and learn.
本文从他的三个亲密朋友,Christina Zarcadoolas, Frederico Peres和Catina O 'Leary的角度,提供了对Andrew Pleasant在他近30年的健康素养领域职业生涯和贡献的反思。作为一名健康素养专业人士,安德鲁发表了75篇论文、9个章节和一本书,这些年来,他作为社区研究员、大学教员和社区组织领导人,从当地到国际层面都非常活跃。在不同的环境中,他正式和非正式地写下并分享了他的想法,以引发有关健康素养、科学传播、环境科学、社区参与和公共卫生等许多主题的对话。对安德鲁来说,将复杂的健康和科学信息传达给那些最需要了解他们生活背景下信息的人是一种热爱的工作,他总是提醒那些有幸与他分享专业和个人经验的人,我们需要尽早、经常地问别人,我们是否做对了,如果做错了,就问他们如何做得更好。除了他对这个领域的许多书面贡献之外,安德鲁的遗产是他对欣赏、倾听和学习的热情。
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引用次数: 0
A framework of teaching Information and Communication Technology using peer-assisted learning in Information Studies courses 信息研究课程中使用同伴辅助学习的信息与通信技术教学框架
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230181
Hanadi Buarki, Bareeq Alghannam
Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) is a teaching method that could improve students’ skills. Research investigating the feasibility of applying PAL in the Information Studies/Science (IS) field concerning the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) courses settings is scarce, and there is a demand to explore this realm. In this research, systems thinking examines the ICT courses as a system with inputs, outputs, and feedback. A holistic manner of enquiry demanded the exploitation of a case study. Seventy-four PAL attendees from four sections of female students completed a short survey at the end of their ICT-related courses. The survey aimed to gather data on the attendees’ opinions regarding the PAL as a peer-learning system. The research framework admitted the data through phases; It integrated a new take on the “old-fashioned” SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. Then it developed a PAL integration framework to structure its practical implementation in the ICT courses. Finally, the study showed the potential of using SWOT analysis in managing educational methods and evaluating ICT skills by using PAL in the IS field.
同伴辅助学习(PAL)是一种能够提高学生技能的教学方法。关于信息与通信技术(ICT)课程设置在信息研究/科学(IS)领域应用PAL的可行性的研究很少,有探索这一领域的需求。在本研究中,系统思维将ICT课程视为一个具有输入、输出和反馈的系统。全面的调查方式要求利用个案研究。74名PAL参加者来自四个小组的女学生,在他们的ict相关课程结束时完成了一项简短的调查。该调查旨在收集与会者对PAL作为一个同伴学习系统的看法。研究框架分阶段接纳数据;它整合了一种对“老式”SWOT(优势、劣势、机会和威胁)分析的新看法。在此基础上,开发了PAL集成框架,以构建其在ICT课程中的实际实施。最后,研究显示SWOT分析在管理教育方法和评估ICT技能方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Location-based service information disclosure on social networking sites: The effect of privacy calculus, subjective norms, trust, and cultural difference 社交网站位置服务信息披露:隐私演算、主观规范、信任和文化差异的影响
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230180
T. V. Binh, Dinh Tien Minh, Le Thi Thao Linh, Tran Van Nhan
Along with the development of social networking sites, sharing location is becoming mainstream, offering many opportunities and promoting sustainable business performance of firm. Based on a survey of 433 Facebook users and the application of quantitative method, the paper found that the privacy concern substantially influences the perceived risk of location sharing. In addition, tendency is witnessed on trust in the social networking site providers and members. Also, impression management and incentive provision are strongly involved in the perceived benefits of location information disclosure intention. Both perceived risks and perceived benefits illustrate distinctive effects on sharing users’ location. The impact of subjective norms on sharing information related to a users’ location and observing the potential influence of culture, played as moderator. The finding also confirms subjective norms positively impact location information disclosure intention, while the moderating of culture does not play a contribution role.
随着社交网站的发展,分享位置正在成为主流,提供了许多机会,并促进了企业的可持续经营绩效。本文通过对433名Facebook用户的调查,运用定量方法,发现隐私问题对位置共享的感知风险有实质性影响。此外,社交网站提供者和会员的信任度也有上升趋势。此外,印象管理和激励条款对位置信息披露意愿的感知利益有重要影响。感知风险和感知收益对用户位置共享的影响各不相同。主观规范对分享用户位置相关信息的影响,以及观察文化的潜在影响,扮演版主的角色。研究结果也证实了主观规范对位置信息披露意愿的正向影响,而文化的调节作用不起贡献作用。
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引用次数: 2
Mobile phone use for farm-related activities by ethnic minority farmers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Quang Tri Province, Central Vietnam 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,越南中部广知省少数民族农民在农业相关活动中使用手机的情况
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.3233/isu-230179
Tran Cao Uy, Hoang Dung Ha, Nguyen Ngoc Truyen, N. V. Chung, Duong Ngoc Phuoc, Le Van Nam, Le Thi Hong Phuong, Cao Thi Thuyet
This study explores the use of mobile phones for farm-related activities of ethnic minority farmers in Quang Tri province, Central Vietnam, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A random sampling strategy was used to select 180 ethnic farmers, different by gender, age, and education level, to interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results indicate ethnic minority farmers used mobile phones for various purposes related to agriculture through phone calls and social media platforms (Facebook, Zalo, YouTube, etc.). Mobile phones have become essential for farmers to access and exchange market information, receive weather information, get extension advisories, learn new farming practices and technologies, contact and buy farm inputs, etc. There was a statistically significant association between gender, age, and education level with the purposes of mobile phone usage. Young and highly educated farmers should be prioritized in digital service development strategies since they are the pioneers who will be the leading groups of farmers in terms of using mobile phones for farm-related activities. Furthermore, the significance of female farmers’ mobile phone use should not be overlooked, as when women have access to these devices, they can use them for various farming tasks to improve their agricultural production.
本研究探讨了在2019冠状病毒病大流行背景下,越南中部广知省少数民族农民在与农业有关的活动中使用手机的情况。采用随机抽样的方法,选取180名不同性别、年龄、文化程度的少数民族农民,采用半结构化问卷进行访谈。结果表明,少数民族农民通过电话和社交媒体平台(Facebook、Zalo、YouTube等)使用手机进行各种与农业相关的活动。移动电话已成为农民获取和交流市场信息、接收天气信息、获得推广咨询、学习新的耕作方法和技术、联系和购买农业投入物等的必要工具。性别、年龄和受教育程度与手机使用目的之间存在统计学上的显著关联。在数字服务发展战略中,应该优先考虑年轻、高学历的农民,因为他们是使用手机进行农业相关活动的先驱者,将成为农民的主导群体。此外,女性农民使用手机的重要性不应被忽视,因为当女性有机会使用这些设备时,她们可以使用它们来完成各种农业任务,以提高农业生产。
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引用次数: 1
Transparency and the future of semantic searching in academic libraries 学术图书馆中语义搜索的透明度和未来
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.3233/isu-220175
Daniel W. Eller
“Semantic search” is a fairly broad term without a fixed goal amongst developers. Most agree that semantic searching should reach beyond simple keyword or text/string matching in order to provide more robust taxonomies and relevant information retrieval systems. Many novice users and first-year students struggle to retrieve the scholarly sources they desire because they lack the specialized vocabulary attained through advanced years of study. Most students are used to the dominant semantic search discovery system, Google and Google Scholar, but few students understand how these systems work. Query parsing, fuzzy matching, and understanding how semantic searching utilizes taxonomies for more accurate tagging is not usually a consideration for a desperate sophomore looking for last-minute sources to finish a paper that is due the next day. So, there is a danger that meeting a student’s perceived need for a Google-like discovery system is more important than creating a transparent system. However, information literacy and library instruction must give careful consideration to these issues and be able to help emerging scholars/students understand both the ethical and practical horizons of semantic search tools.
“语义搜索”是一个相当宽泛的术语,对于开发人员来说没有固定的目标。大多数人同意语义搜索应该超越简单的关键字或文本/字符串匹配,以便提供更健壮的分类法和相关的信息检索系统。许多新手和一年级的学生很难检索到他们想要的学术资料,因为他们缺乏经过多年学习获得的专业词汇。大多数学生习惯了占主导地位的语义搜索发现系统,谷歌和谷歌学术,但很少有学生了解这些系统是如何工作的。查询解析、模糊匹配以及理解语义搜索如何利用分类法来进行更准确的标记,这些通常不是一个绝望的二年级学生为完成第二天要交的论文而在最后一刻寻找资料的考虑因素。因此,有一种危险是,满足学生对谷歌式发现系统的感知需求比创建一个透明的系统更重要。然而,信息素养和图书馆教学必须仔细考虑这些问题,并能够帮助新兴学者/学生理解语义搜索工具的伦理和实践视野。
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引用次数: 0
An overview of the 2022 NISO plus conference: Global conversations/Global Connections 2022年NISO plus会议概述:全球对话/全球连接
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.3233/isu-220178
Bonnie Lawlor
This paper offers an overview of some of the highlights of the 2022 NISO Plus Annual Conference that was held virtually from February 15 - February 18, 2022. This was the third such conference and the second to be held in a completely virtual format due to the Pandemic. These conferences have resulted from the merger of NISO and the National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services (NFAIS) in June 2019, replacing the NFAIS Annual Conferences and offering a new, more interactive format. As with last year, there was no general topical theme, but there were topics of interest for everyone working in the information ecosystem - from the practical subjects of standards and metadata quality to preprints, Wikidata, archiving and digital preservation, Open Science and Open Access, and ultimately Globalization of the Information Infrastructure, the Metaverse, and Visions of the Future. With speakers and attendees from around the world and across multiple time zones and continents, it truly was a global conversation!
本文概述了2022年2月15日至2月18日举行的NISO Plus年会的一些亮点。这是第三次这样的会议,也是由于大流行而以完全虚拟的形式举行的第二次会议。这些会议是NISO和国家抽象与信息服务联合会(NFAIS)于2019年6月合并的结果,取代了NFAIS年会,并提供了一种新的、更具互动性的格式。和去年一样,今年的会议没有一般性的主题,但有一些是信息生态系统中每个人都感兴趣的话题——从标准和元数据质量的实用主题到预印本、维基数据、存档和数字保存、开放科学和开放获取,以及最终的信息基础设施全球化、元宇宙和未来愿景。演讲者和与会者来自世界各地,跨越多个时区和大洲,这是一次真正的全球对话!
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引用次数: 0
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Information Services and Use
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