Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects最新文献_第7页

Review on the applicability of nanostructured flame retardants for preventing fire in livestock and crop fields 纳米结构阻燃剂在防止牲畜和农作物田间火灾方面的适用性综述

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101379

Pallvi Verma , Diksha Thakur , Shailesh Kumar Singh , Manish Bakshi , Anis Ahmad Mirza , Sanjay Singh

Flame retardants are used for fire prevention in different sectors, including industries, houses, or materials sensitive to combustion. Fire is considered the cause of natural and anthropogenic activities, and responsible for severe loss of life and economy. It also results in environmental pollution by producing a huge amount of smoke, suspended particulate matter, and other pollutants. However, many flame retardants, viz. halogenated flame retardants, organophosphate, oxides, hydroxides, melamine derivates, etc., can be conventionally used in controlling fire in agriculture and livestock. Though these retardants have good efficacy in controlling fire the impact on the environment and the loading value of these flame retardants is a major challenge. The nanostructured flame retardants (NFR) have greater potential to act in a multidimensional approach including radical scavenging, char formation, cooling effect, dilution effect, synergism, etc. NFRs have a high specific area, high electrical and thermal conductivity, the ability to develop insulating layers through nanomaterials-polymer interaction, and conjugate crystalline-amorphous nature. These attributes ensure the potential application of nanostructured flame retardants in controlling fire in crop fields and livestock. Some promising NFRs are nanoclays, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS), graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, and polymer-clay nanocomposites. These NFRs can be used in conjugation with conventional flame retardants to ensure the effectiveness of flame retardancy.

阻燃剂用于不同行业的防火，包括工业、住宅或对燃烧敏感的材料。火灾被认为是自然和人为活动的原因，造成严重的生命和经济损失。火灾还会产生大量烟雾、悬浮颗粒物和其他污染物，造成环境污染。然而，许多阻燃剂，如卤化阻燃剂、有机磷酸酯、氧化物、氢氧化物、三聚氰胺衍生物等，可用于控制农业和畜牧业火灾。虽然这些阻燃剂在控制火灾方面具有良好的功效，但其对环境的影响和负载值是一个重大挑战。纳米结构阻燃剂（NFR）具有更大的潜力，可从多个维度发挥作用，包括自由基清除、炭化、冷却效果、稀释效果、协同作用等。NFR 具有高比面积、高导电性和导热性、通过纳米材料与聚合物的相互作用形成绝缘层的能力以及结晶-非结晶共轭性质。这些特性确保了纳米结构阻燃剂在控制农作物和牲畜火灾方面的潜在应用。一些有前景的纳米阻燃剂包括纳米粘土、碳纳米管（CNT）、聚合低聚硅氧烷（POSS）、类石墨烯二维纳米材料以及聚合物-粘土纳米复合材料。这些 NFR 可与传统阻燃剂结合使用，以确保阻燃效果。

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引用次数: 0

Production of a versatile PMMA/PEO-CuO-In2O3 nanocomposite with its characterization, cold plasma treatment, and applications for flexible emission filter devices and smart moisture 多功能 PMMA/PEO-CuO-In2O3 纳米复合材料的制备、表征、冷等离子处理以及在柔性排放过滤装置和智能湿气中的应用

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101382

Shamil R. Sahib, Bahaa H. Rabee

In this study, we synthesized versatile, flexible films with interesting optical and moisture properties. We blended poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) and incorporated copper oxide (CuO) and indium oxide (In₂O₃) nanoparticles within the blend. We have investigated the optical properties. As the amount of CuO+In₂O₃ nanoparticles increases, the extinction coefficient and Urbach energy rise while the indirect band gap falls. The luminescence spectroscopy showed very narrow and interesting peaks, indicating that it is suitable for emission filters. We analyzed the surface morphology using FE-SEM and a photomicrograph. We also investigate the frequency dependence of AC electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss. At a frequency of less than 3 MHz, AC conductivity is very low, then increases to reach 7.6E-8, 1.3E-7, 1.6E-7, 1.7E-7, and 2.5E-7 for the pure blend, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 nanoparticle concentrations, respectively. We used a DC plasma sputtering device with an aluminium target to treat the nanocomposites with argon plasma (for 7 minutes). We characterized the optical and surface properties of the samples both before and after the plasma treatment. Despite the short treatment time, the plasma effect was evident only on the nanocomposites containing nanoparticles. It lowered the energy gap for the indirect transition by 0.35, 0.04, and 0.46 eV in films with 3, 4.5, and 6 wt% of CuO+In₂O₃ nanoparticles, respectively. The nanocomposites wrap around themselves when exposed to moisture, suggesting their potential applications as moisture sensors or indicators, self-wrapping materials, self-deploying or controlled release structures, or smart polymer coverings.

在这项研究中，我们合成了具有有趣的光学和防潮特性的多功能柔性薄膜。我们混合了聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（PMMA）和聚氧化乙烯（PEO），并在其中加入了氧化铜（CuO）和氧化铟（In2O3）纳米粒子。我们对其光学特性进行了研究。随着 CuO+In2O3 纳米粒子数量的增加，消光系数和厄巴赫能上升，而间接带隙下降。发光光谱显示出非常窄且有趣的峰值，这表明它适合用作发射滤光片。我们使用 FE-SEM 和显微照片分析了其表面形态。我们还研究了交流导电率、介电常数和介电损耗的频率依赖性。在频率低于 3 MHz 时，交流电导率非常低，然后逐渐升高，纯混合、1.5、3、4.5 和 6 纳米粒子浓度的交流电导率分别达到 7.6E-8、1.3E-7、1.6E-7、1.7E-7 和 2.5E-7。我们使用带有铝靶的直流等离子体溅射装置，用氩等离子体处理纳米复合材料（7 分钟）。我们对样品在等离子处理前后的光学和表面特性进行了表征。尽管处理时间很短，但等离子体只对含有纳米颗粒的纳米复合材料有明显的影响。在含有 3、4.5 和 6 wt% CuO+In2O3 纳米粒子的薄膜中，等离子体将间接转变的能隙分别降低了 0.35、0.04 和 0.46 eV。纳米复合材料在受潮时会缠绕自身，这表明它们具有作为湿度传感器或指示器、自缠绕材料、自部署或控释结构或智能聚合物覆盖层的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A novel natural reducing agent for the preparation of cerium oxide nanoparticles based on the saffron by-product: Characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity for nutritional applications 一种基于藏红花副产品制备氧化铈纳米粒子的新型天然还原剂：营养应用中的表征、抗氧化和抗菌活性

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101381

Zineb khadfy , Rachid Mamouni , Si Mohamed Jadouali , Hajar Atifi , Nabil Saffaj , Agnes Chartier , Reine Nehme , Kaoutar Boussif , Fouad Achemchem

The study concerns the valorization of Moroccan saffron by-products in the synthesis of metallic oxide nanoparticles. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) were synthesized in an environmentally friendly process using an aqueous extract of saffron by-products. The characterization of the CeO₂ NPs and the investigation of their scavenging activity of free radicals using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, as well as their antibacterial activity with regard to their application in food products have been studied. The Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the active compounds of saffron pruned flowers extracts were involved in the reduction and stabilization of CeO₂ NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the homogeneous distribution and the crystalline form of CeO₂ NPs, respectively. Moreover, the green CeO₂ NPs showed high inhibition percentages (72 %) and strong growth inhibition of the majority of pathogenic bacteria tested, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 2 to 5 mm.

本研究涉及摩洛哥藏红花副产品在合成金属氧化物纳米粒子中的应用。研究人员使用藏红花副产品的水提取物，以环保工艺合成了氧化铈纳米粒子（CeO2 NPs）。研究了 CeO2 NPs 的特性，并使用 2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）法调查了它们清除自由基的活性，以及它们在食品中应用的抗菌活性。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析证实，藏红花剪枝花提取物中的活性化合物参与了 CeO2 NPs 的还原和稳定。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析分别显示了 CeO2 NPs 的均匀分布和结晶形态。此外，绿色 CeO2 NPs 显示出很高的抑制率（72%），对大多数病原菌的生长有很强的抑制作用，抑制区直径在 2 至 5 毫米之间。

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引用次数: 0

Microwave-assisted synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using an Andrographis paniculata leaf extract: Characterization and multifunctional biological activities 利用穿心莲叶提取物微波辅助合成氧化铜纳米颗粒：表征和多功能生物活性

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101376

Mahalakshmi Devaraji, Punniyakoti V Thanikachalam, Rajalakshmi AS, Rohan S, Bhagyalakshmi J

This research delves into the environmentally friendly production of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Andrographis paniculata leaf extract (Ap-CuNPs) and their thorough assessment for possible biological purposes. CuNPs were synthesised through a microwave-assisted method using Andrographis paniculata leaf extract. Characterization techniques included ultraviolet spectroscopy (UVVis), FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, XRD, particle size analysis, and zeta potential measurement. Biological activities were assessed through antioxidant (DPPH and H₂O₂ assays), anti-inflammatory (BSA and egg albumin denaturation assays), antimicrobial, cytotoxic (brine shrimp lethality and MTT assays), and wound healing (scratch assay) tests. Characterization confirmed the formation of Ap-CuNPs with a plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm, the presence of phytochemical capping agents, and high crystallinity. The average particle size was 69.1 nm, with a zeta potential of −12.1 mV. Ap-CuNPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with 88.62 % inhibition in the DPPH assay, in the H₂O₂ assay, which assesses the capacity to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, the Ap-CuNPs achieved 86.3 % inhibition at the same concentration. and anti-inflammatory activity, with 80 % inhibition in the BSA assay. Antimicrobial tests revealed strong activity against gram-negative bacteria in the 22 mm inhibition zone for Pseudomonas sp., for S. aureus, the inhibition zones were 9 mm. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed minimal effects at low concentrations, with 200 μg/ml identified as the optimal dose for wound healing. In vitro wound scratch assays demonstrated enhanced fibroblast migration and wound closure at this concentration.

本研究探讨了利用穿心莲叶提取物以环境友好的方式生产纳米铜粒子（CuNPs）（Ap-CuNPs），并对其可能的生物用途进行了全面评估。研究人员利用穿心莲叶提取物通过微波辅助方法合成了 CuNPs。表征技术包括紫外光谱（UVVis）、傅立叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、EDAX、XRD、粒度分析和 zeta 电位测量。生物活性通过抗氧化（DPPH 和 H2O2 试验）、抗炎（BSA 和鸡蛋白蛋白变性试验）、抗菌、细胞毒性（盐水虾致死率和 MTT 试验）和伤口愈合（划痕试验）试验进行了评估。表征结果表明，Ap-CuNPs 的形成具有 550 纳米波长的等离子共振峰、植物化学封端剂的存在和高结晶度。平均粒径为 69.1 nm，zeta 电位为 -12.1 mV。Ap-CuNPs 具有显著的抗氧化活性，在 DPPH 试验中的抑制率为 88.62%；在评估清除过氧化氢能力的 H2O2 试验中，Ap-CuNPs 在相同浓度下的抑制率为 86.3%；Ap-CuNPs 还具有抗炎活性，在 BSA 试验中的抑制率为 80%。抗菌测试显示，Ap-CuNPs 对革兰氏阴性菌有很强的活性，对假单胞菌的抑制区为 22 毫米，对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制区为 9 毫米。细胞毒性评估显示，低浓度下的影响极小，200 微克/毫升是伤口愈合的最佳剂量。体外伤口划痕试验表明，在这一浓度下，成纤维细胞的迁移和伤口闭合都得到了增强。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of self-assembling properties of paclitaxel-biotin conjugates 评估紫杉醇生物素共轭物的自组装特性

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101375

Dmitry V. Beigulenko , Anna Yu. Belyaeva , Ekaterina S. Kazakova , Maria M. Antonova , Aleksander S. Peregudov , Aleksey A. Nikitin , Tatyana S. Kovshova , Yulia V. Ermolenko , Konstantin A. Kochetkov

Among many approaches to the creation of targeted chemotherapeutic agents, one relies on the attachment of biotin to the drug molecule. The prospect of such hybrid compounds has been demonstrated by the example of biotinylated taxane derivatives, in particular paclitaxel, which is widely used in clinical practice. However, the ability of paclitaxel-biotin conjugates to form self-assembled nanocomposites stable in aqueous media has not been revealed yet. Such a promising drug formulation would avoid the use of solubilizers often applied in conventional paclitaxel dosage forms and lead to side effects. In the present study the synthesis of paclitaxel-biotin conjugates differing in spacer chain length and hydrophobicity is described. It has been established that direct biotinylation of paclitaxel allows the resulting compound to form spherical nanoparticles. At the same time, the introduction of a hydrophilic spacer into the conjugate did not favor its ability to self-organize into such structures. It was demonstrated that the direct biotin-paclitaxel conjugate assembles into narrow-dispersed nanoparticles, which also have an optimal size (120–130 nm) for such drug delivery systems. Moreover, in the presence of non-toxic polyvinyl alcohol the nanoparticles were stable during storage. Taking into account also the ease of preparation, all these results make paclitaxel-biotin conjugate nanoparticles promising dosage forms based on paclitaxel derivatives.

在制造靶向化疗药物的众多方法中，有一种方法是将生物素附着在药物分子上。生物素化的类固醇衍生物，尤其是广泛应用于临床的紫杉醇，已经证明了这种混合化合物的前景。然而，紫杉醇-生物素共轭物形成在水介质中稳定的自组装纳米复合材料的能力尚未揭示。这种前景广阔的药物制剂可以避免在传统紫杉醇剂型中使用增溶剂而导致的副作用。本研究介绍了不同间隔链长度和疏水性的紫杉醇-生物素共轭物的合成。研究证实，紫杉醇直接生物素化后可形成球形纳米颗粒。同时，在共轭物中引入亲水性间隔链不利于其自组织成此类结构。实验证明，生物素-紫杉醇直接共轭物可组装成窄分散纳米颗粒，其尺寸（120-130 nm）也是此类给药系统的最佳尺寸。此外，在无毒聚乙烯醇的作用下，纳米颗粒在储存期间也很稳定。考虑到制备的简便性，所有这些结果都使紫杉醇-生物素共轭纳米颗粒成为基于紫杉醇衍生物的有前途的剂型。

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引用次数: 0

Predictive models for properties of hybrid blended modified sustainable concrete incorporating nano-silica, basalt fibers, and recycled aggregates: Application of advanced artificial intelligence techniques 纳米二氧化硅、玄武岩纤维和再生骨料混合改性可持续混凝土性能预测模型：先进人工智能技术的应用

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101373

Boskey V. Bahoria , Prashant B. Pande , Sagar W. Dhengare , Jayant M. Raut , Rajesh M. Bhagat , Nilesh M. Shelke , Satyajit S. Uparkar , Vikrant S. Vairagade

The main objective of this work is to improve the compressive strength of concrete, specially in sustainable construction is to develop more precise predictive modeling techniques. The compressive strength prediction of basalt fiber reinforced concrete filled with nano-silica and recycled aggregates can be done using a hybrid deep learning model suggesting the use of the combination of Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory networks. The CNN captures microstructural features from SEM images, while the LSTM models temporal dependencies from sequential curing data samples. To enhance the prediction accuracy, PCA was performed on feature dimensionality reduction and GA optimized hyperparameters both for the model as well as the concrete mix design for improved strength with cost effectiveness. With an R² value of 0.92–0.95, the performance results of the presented model came out better than the baseline models, as well as reducing the MAE by 20 %. Besides, there existed a 5–8 % better compressive strength in GA-optimized mix designs. Robustness comes into play with the model that shows steady strength predictions, regardless of conditions of curing under multiple conditions and at different material composition levels. Furthermore, the reutilization of recycled aggregates and nano-silica gives a real environmental benefit as less waste is produced but the material performance is maximized. This kind of outcome indicates how the proposed model can be practically applied in optimizing concrete design in terms of strength and sustainability features, thus providing an accessible instrument for decision-making in the construction field. It is an effective tool to improve the performance of concrete while minimizing environmental and material wastes.

这项工作的主要目的是提高混凝土的抗压强度，特别是在可持续建筑中，开发更精确的预测建模技术。使用混合深度学习模型可以对填充了纳米二氧化硅和再生骨料的玄武岩纤维增强混凝土进行抗压强度预测，该模型建议结合使用卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络。CNN 从 SEM 图像中捕捉微观结构特征，而 LSTM 则对连续固化数据样本的时间依赖性进行建模。为提高预测精度，对特征维度进行了 PCA 缩减，并通过 GA 优化了模型和混凝土混合设计的超参数，以提高强度和成本效益。该模型的 R² 值为 0.92-0.95，其性能结果优于基线模型，并将 MAE 降低了 20%。此外，GA 优化的混合设计抗压强度提高了 5-8%。该模型的稳健性发挥了作用，无论在多种条件下的固化条件如何，以及在不同的材料成分水平下，该模型都能显示稳定的强度预测。此外，对再生骨料和纳米二氧化硅的再利用也带来了真正的环境效益，因为产生的废料更少，但材料的性能却得到了最大程度的发挥。这种结果表明，所提出的模型可以实际应用于混凝土强度和可持续发展特性的优化设计，从而为建筑领域的决策提供了一个便捷的工具。它是一种有效的工具，可在提高混凝土性能的同时最大限度地减少环境和材料浪费。

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引用次数: 0

Functionalized conducting polymers in photocatalysis and opportunities for artificial intelligence applications 光催化中的功能化导电聚合物与人工智能应用机遇

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101371

Hisham Kazim , Moin Sabri , Amani Al-Othman , Muhammad Tawalbeh

Water systems are being polluted by emerging contaminants at a staggering rate of 500 million tons annually. Various techniques have approached the treatment of pollutants, with photocatalysis being a viable method. Current research delved into the functionalization and nanohybridization of conducting polymers through photocatalysis in the degradation of dyes, heavy metals, and other pollutants. This review investigated the recent advancements in using functionalized conducting polymers and their composites in removing contaminants and highlights their various environmental benefits. Conducting polymers integrate dopants and heterojunctions to optimize the performance, which can, in turn, reduce wastewater pollution. Conducting polymers play a role in hydrogen production and carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction. This review presented the role of artificial intelligence models in the optimization and prediction of degradation rates in photocatalytic processes. This review concludes that amongst the models reviewed, artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms appeared to achieve the most accurate results with an R-squared and error value of 0.998 and 1.83×10⁻⁴, respectively. Despite the progress achieved in this direction, various issues pertaining to the generalization of the experimental data to a larger scale persist. This exposes the challenges in designing well-optimized photocatalytic-membrane systems.

水系统正以每年 5 亿吨的惊人速度受到新出现的污染物的污染。处理污染物的技术多种多样，其中光催化技术是一种可行的方法。目前的研究深入探讨了通过光催化对导电聚合物进行功能化和纳米杂化，以降解染料、重金属和其他污染物。本综述探讨了使用功能化导电聚合物及其复合材料去除污染物的最新进展，并重点介绍了它们的各种环境效益。导电聚合物集成了掺杂剂和异质结，可优化性能，进而减少废水污染。导电聚合物在制氢和减少二氧化碳（CO2）方面发挥着作用。本综述介绍了人工智能模型在优化和预测光催化过程降解率方面的作用。综述得出的结论是，在所综述的模型中，人工神经网络和遗传算法似乎取得了最准确的结果，其 R 平方和误差值分别为 0.998 和 1.83×10-4。尽管在这方面取得了进展，但在将实验数据推广到更大规模方面仍然存在各种问题。这暴露了设计优化的光催化膜系统所面临的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of prescribed surface temperature and heat flux with electrical conductivity via microbial chemotaxis to enhance nanoparticle 通过微生物趋化作用提高纳米粒子导电性的表面温度和热流量效应

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101374

Nahid Fatima , Aaqib Majeed , Nouman Ijaz

The purpose of the current investigations in to explore the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Oldroyd-B nanoﬂuid ﬂow over an exponential stretchable surface with variable thermal conductivity. Impact of thermal radiation and gyrotactic motile organism also incorporated in the present study. A fluid that has tiny particles, also referred to as nanoparticles, scattered throughout a base fluid is called a nanofluid. These nanoparticles can be formed from metals, oxides, carbon-based compounds, or other nanomaterials, and their usual sizes range from 1 to 100 nanometers. Water, oil, ethylene glycol, or other common liquids can be used as the foundation fluid. Because of their improved physical qualities, greater heat transfer, and thermal conductivity, nanofluids have many uses in a variety of sectors. Two type of boundary conditions are associated here like prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF). Exploring nanoparticles influence on a fluid viscoelasticity, and vice versa, advanced understanding of three-dimensional nanofluid flow over a porous, stretchable surface. The research also probed microorganisms' and reactions' impact on heat/mass transfer. Employing MATLAB and a similarity approach converted Navier-Stokes equations into ordinary differential equations. Outcomes included velocity profile, temperature profiles, concentration profiles, and microbe behavior. Thus, this significantly contributed to modelling collectors and thermal storage. The concentration profile flattens when the Schmidt number

(Sc)

is increased, indicating that the fluid flow behavior is clearly influenced. Moreover, these findings established ways to improve energy systems' efficiency by elucidating heat transport and fluid flow parameters. This enables sustainable energy solutions to tackle global challenges. The influence of various convergence parameters is illustrated through graphically and in the form of table. Also, our results are validated with the previously published data and found tremendous agreement.

当前研究的目的是探索三维磁流体力学（MHD）Oldroyd-B 纳米流体在导热系数可变的指数可伸展表面上的流动。本研究还纳入了热辐射和陀螺运动生物的影响。在基质流体中分散有微小颗粒（也称为纳米颗粒）的流体称为纳米流体。这些纳米颗粒可由金属、氧化物、碳基化合物或其他纳米材料形成，通常大小为 1 到 100 纳米。水、油、乙二醇或其他常见液体可用作基础液。由于纳米流体具有更好的物理特性、更强的传热性和导热性，因此在各行各业都有很多用途。这里涉及两种边界条件，如规定表面温度（PST）和规定热通量（PHF）。探索纳米粒子对流体粘弹性的影响，反之亦然，有助于加深对多孔、可拉伸表面上三维纳米流体流动的理解。研究还探究了微生物和反应对热量/质量传递的影响。利用 MATLAB 和相似性方法将纳维-斯托克斯方程转换成常微分方程。研究结果包括速度曲线、温度曲线、浓度曲线和微生物行为。因此，这极大地促进了集热器和热存储的建模工作。当施密特数（Sc）增加时，浓度曲线变平，这表明流体流动行为明显受到影响。此外，这些发现通过阐明热传输和流体流动参数，确定了提高能源系统效率的方法。这使得可持续能源解决方案能够应对全球挑战。各种收敛参数的影响以图形和表格的形式进行了说明。此外，我们的研究结果还与之前公布的数据进行了验证，发现两者非常吻合。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical synthesis of NiO nanoparticles from Solanum trilobatum leaf extract for antibacterial and cytotoxic properties 从三叶茄叶提取物中化学合成具有抗菌和细胞毒性特性的氧化镍纳米颗粒

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101337

V. Prabha , T. Janisubha , S.R. Gibin , P. Pandi , A. Mariappan , M. Tamilelakkiya , P. Velusamy

The chemical precipitation approach was employed to synthesize Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) using Solanum trilobatum leaf extract as the stimulant and Nickel nitrate as the precursor. The Nickel oxide is examined using a range of characterization methods including X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Thermo gravimetric Analysis/Derivative Thermo gravimetric Analysis, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial investigations The X-ray diffraction examination determined that the average size of the crystals increases as the quantities of leaf extract in the NiO₂ composites rise. The decrease in line broadening (β) value and the increase in leaf extract concentrations may be the cause of this phenomenon. The FTIR spectrum confirms that the as-synthesized NiO-NPs are of great purity and match well with the XRD pattern. The thermal stability of the synthesized samples was determined using TGA/DTG analysis. The analysis was conducted in an air atmosphere, with the temperature increasing at a rate of 10°C per minute. The temperature range for the analysis was from room temperature to 750°C. The optical properties are determined by the use of Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, which examines the coordinated movement of electrons in the conduction band when exposed to electromagnetic waves. Rat skeletal muscle cell line and SKMEL cancer cells were cultured on 96-well plates and incubated at 37°C and 5 % CO₂ for 24 hours to allow them to adapt to the culture conditions. An investigation was conducted to assess the antibacterial properties of synthesized nanocomposites against two types of bacteria: gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC No: 87) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (MTCC No: 443), in order to explore their potential for biological applications.

采用化学沉淀法，以三叶茄叶提取物为促进剂，硝酸镍为前体，合成了氧化镍纳米粒子（NiONPs）。使用一系列表征方法对氧化镍进行了检测，包括 X 射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜、高分辨率扫描电子显微镜、X 射线光电子能谱、热重分析/衍生热重分析、漫反射光谱、细胞毒性和抗菌研究。 X 射线衍射检测确定，晶体的平均尺寸随着二氧化镍复合材料中叶提取物的数量增加而增大。线宽（β）值的降低和叶提取物浓度的增加可能是造成这种现象的原因。傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了合成的 NiO-NPs 纯度很高，并且与 XRD 图谱非常吻合。使用 TGA/DTG 分析法测定了合成样品的热稳定性。分析在空气环境中进行，温度以每分钟 10°C 的速度上升。分析的温度范围为室温至 750°C。光学特性是通过使用漫反射光谱法确定的，该方法检测电子在导带中暴露于电磁波时的协调运动。在 96 孔板上培养大鼠骨骼肌细胞系和 SKMEL 癌细胞，并在 37°C 和 5 % CO2 条件下培养 24 小时，使其适应培养条件。研究人员评估了合成纳米复合材料对两种细菌（革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌（MTCC 编号：87）和革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌（MTCC 编号：443））的抗菌性能，以探索其在生物应用方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Probing the impact of group 7 transition metals (TM: Mn, Tc, Re) encapsulated Ge-doped graphitic carbon nitrides (TM_Ge@g-C3N4) nanostructure as sensors for fenitrothion; an organophosphate insecticide 探究第 7 族过渡金属（TM：Mn、Tc、Re）封装的掺杂 Ge 的石墨化碳氮化物（TM_Ge@g-C3N4）纳米结构作为杀螟硫磷传感器的影响；杀螟硫磷是一种有机磷杀虫剂

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2024.101367

Daniel G. Malu , Abo I. Nta , Ita I. Oyosukhu , Terkumbur E. Gber , Favour A. Nelson , Abasifreke U. Johnson

The prevalence and detrimental effect of insecticides on the environment and human health highlights the necessity for developing effective sensing and adsorbing materials. Among these, organophosphate insecticides have garnered significant attention due to their widespread use, and potential adverse effects. Herein, the electronic properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were engineered by doping with Ge-atom (Ge@C3N4) which was further enhanced by encapsulating the surface with manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), and rhenium (Re) atom using density functional theory (DFT) at the GD3BJ-B3LYP/def2svp level of theory. The obtained results unveiled that the incorporation of Mn, Tc, and Re metals into the Ge@C3N4 framework significantly altered the electronic structure of the composite materials and enhanced the adsorption of Fenitrothion (FTT). After interaction of fenitrothion unto the engineered surfaces, a decrease in the energy gap was observed following a trends; Mn_Ge@C3N4 > Re_Ge@C3N4 > Tc_Ge@C3N4 with their respective energy from 1.972 eV to 1.892 eV, 1.333 eV to 1.172 eV, and 1.129 eV to 1.094 eV. And, Ge@C3N4 demonstrating a slight increase in the energy gap delineating the effectiveness of the modified compounds in sensing and adsorbing FTT. Interestingly, the adsorption studies proved to be chemisorption with the observed energies following the pattern base on their sensing capabilities Ge@C3N4 < Mn< Tc< Re corresponding to the energies as thus: −1.533 eV, −1.602 eV, −1.622 eV, −1.653 eV depicting Rhenium-encapsulated Ge@C3N4 doped surface the more favorable for the adsorption of FTT molecule followed by technetium-encapsulated Ge@C3N4. It was further observed that all the mechanistic adsorption studies and visual studies analyses presented Re_Ge@C3N4 as the most efficient surface for adsorption and detection of FTT_.

杀虫剂的普遍存在及其对环境和人类健康的有害影响凸显了开发有效传感和吸附材料的必要性。其中，有机磷杀虫剂因其广泛使用和潜在的不良影响而备受关注。在此，利用密度泛函理论（DFT）的 GD3BJ-B3LYP/def2svp 理论水平，通过掺杂 Ge 原子（Ge@C3N4）设计了石墨氮化碳（g-C3N4）的电子特性，并通过在其表面封装锰（Mn）、锝（Tc）和铼（Re）原子进一步增强了其电子特性。结果表明，在 Ge@C3N4 框架中加入 Mn、Tc 和 Re 金属后，复合材料的电子结构发生了显著变化，并增强了对杀螟丹 (FTT) 的吸附。在工程表面与杀螟硫磷相互作用后，观察到能隙呈下降趋势：Mn_Ge@C3N4 > Re_Ge@C3N4 > Tc_Ge@C3N4 的能量分别从 1.972 eV 降至 1.892 eV、1.333 eV 降至 1.172 eV 和 1.129 eV 降至 1.094 eV。其中，Ge@C3N4 的能隙略有增加，这说明改性化合物在传感和吸附 FTT 方面非常有效。有趣的是，吸附研究证明这是一种化学吸附，观察到的能量与 Ge@C3N4 < Mn< Tc< Re 的传感能力模式一致，因此能量分别为-1.533 eV、-1.602 eV、-1.622 eV、-1.653 eV 表明掺铼的 Ge@C3N4 表面更有利于吸附 FTT 分子，其次是掺锝的 Ge@C3N4。进一步观察发现，所有的机理吸附研究和视觉研究分析都表明 Re_Ge@C3N4 是吸附和检测 FTT 的最有效表面。

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引用次数: 0