Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388213
B. Gustavsen
Vector Fitting (VF) is a robust method for rational fitting of frequency responses in the frequency domain. It has been proposed to replace the basis functions of VF (partial fractions) with an orthonormal set, leading to Orthonormal VF (OVF). A comparison between the VF and OVF methods was presented in a recent paper, claiming that OVF gives superior performance over VF. In this paper, it is shown that comparable results are obtained for VF and OVF if one uses the recommended set of starting poles, an adequate solver, and a column-scaling of least-squares (LS) equations. The same datasets are used to illustrate the result of both methods.
{"title":"Comments on “a comparative study of vector fitting and orthonormal vector fitting techniques for EMC applications”","authors":"B. Gustavsen","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388213","url":null,"abstract":"Vector Fitting (VF) is a robust method for rational fitting of frequency responses in the frequency domain. It has been proposed to replace the basis functions of VF (partial fractions) with an orthonormal set, leading to Orthonormal VF (OVF). A comparison between the VF and OVF methods was presented in a recent paper, claiming that OVF gives superior performance over VF. In this paper, it is shown that comparable results are obtained for VF and OVF if one uses the recommended set of starting poles, an adequate solver, and a column-scaling of least-squares (LS) equations. The same datasets are used to illustrate the result of both methods.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123718943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388247
C. Wiegand, L. Radic-Weissenfeld, C. Hedayat, W. John
This paper presents the abstract modelling of nonlinear systems in a high density interconnection environment. The approach is based on linear as well as nonlinear black box modelling procedures and takes advantage of order reduction algoritms. The transfer function of the whole interconnect system is established knowing only very little information about the system and is constructed from arbitrary input and output signals using linear black box approaches. The high order of the transfer function is reduced by using a singular value decomposition method.
{"title":"Black box model and singular value based model order reduction for interconnects","authors":"C. Wiegand, L. Radic-Weissenfeld, C. Hedayat, W. John","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388247","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the abstract modelling of nonlinear systems in a high density interconnection environment. The approach is based on linear as well as nonlinear black box modelling procedures and takes advantage of order reduction algoritms. The transfer function of the whole interconnect system is established knowing only very little information about the system and is constructed from arbitrary input and output signals using linear black box approaches. The high order of the transfer function is reduced by using a singular value decomposition method.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123731070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388301
M. Rubinstein, A. Vukičević, F. Rachidi, J. Bermudez
For conducted immunity testing, the injection of the test common mode signal is achieved by way of the couplingdecoupling network (CDN) whose symmetry is not defined in the standards. Due to the low symmetry of PLC cabling, part of the injected common mode test signal is converted into a differential mode signal that interferes with the wanted signal at the input of the modem being tested. We show in this paper that the expected bit error rates due to the differential mode current from the CDN are of the order of 1×10−5 to 5×10−5, which can be handled by coding and MAC ARQ procedures. We also show that it is unlikely that the differential mode signals from the CDN#2019;s finite LCL will overload the modems.
{"title":"Impact of the Symmetry of Coupling-Decoupling Networks on the Conducted Immunity Testing of PLC Modems","authors":"M. Rubinstein, A. Vukičević, F. Rachidi, J. Bermudez","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388301","url":null,"abstract":"For conducted immunity testing, the injection of the test common mode signal is achieved by way of the couplingdecoupling network (CDN) whose symmetry is not defined in the standards. Due to the low symmetry of PLC cabling, part of the injected common mode test signal is converted into a differential mode signal that interferes with the wanted signal at the input of the modem being tested. We show in this paper that the expected bit error rates due to the differential mode current from the CDN are of the order of 1×10−5 to 5×10−5, which can be handled by coding and MAC ARQ procedures. We also show that it is unlikely that the differential mode signals from the CDN#2019;s finite LCL will overload the modems.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116439351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388245
J. Mclean, R. Sutton
The 4:1 equal-delay transformer/balun of an impulse radiating antenna (IRA) is analyzed including the effects of non-commensurate constituent transmission lines. Specifically, we develop a 2-port Th’evenin equivalent source that is compatible with most numerical simulations. It is shown that the noncommensurate balun manifests itself in quasi-periodic frequencydomain ripple in the transfer function of the antenna as well as excitation of the common mode. The analysis combines an analytically-derived 2-port source with a commercial finite element analysis in order to include many details of the device. We believe it is the first such detailed analysis of the feed structure of the IRA.
{"title":"Rigorous analysis of an impulse radiating antenna with a non-ideal feed structure","authors":"J. Mclean, R. Sutton","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388245","url":null,"abstract":"The 4:1 equal-delay transformer/balun of an impulse radiating antenna (IRA) is analyzed including the effects of non-commensurate constituent transmission lines. Specifically, we develop a 2-port Th’evenin equivalent source that is compatible with most numerical simulations. It is shown that the noncommensurate balun manifests itself in quasi-periodic frequencydomain ripple in the transfer function of the antenna as well as excitation of the common mode. The analysis combines an analytically-derived 2-port source with a commercial finite element analysis in order to include many details of the device. We believe it is the first such detailed analysis of the feed structure of the IRA.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114530847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388274
C. Ropiak, W. Padilla-Vargas, F. Peterkin
Due to their metallic structure, it is not unreasonable to presume that the compartments of a naval vessel are appreciably reverberant when injected with an electromagnetic signal of reasonable wavelength. This assumption was put to the test when a series of measurements of the insertion loss were made in twelve ship compartments onboard a United States Naval vessel. The measurement technique assumes a reverberant environment and the test frequency range spans 200 MHz through 10 GHz. In references [2] and [7] the data is analyzed in order to assess the validity of the reverberant assumption and a summary of these finding is reported herein. Historically, for a reverberant environment the insertion loss is expected to behave linearly with the logarithm of the frequency
{"title":"Trend analysis of insertion loss data associated with large, significantly loaded compartments","authors":"C. Ropiak, W. Padilla-Vargas, F. Peterkin","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388274","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their metallic structure, it is not unreasonable to presume that the compartments of a naval vessel are appreciably reverberant when injected with an electromagnetic signal of reasonable wavelength. This assumption was put to the test when a series of measurements of the insertion loss were made in twelve ship compartments onboard a United States Naval vessel. The measurement technique assumes a reverberant environment and the test frequency range spans 200 MHz through 10 GHz. In references [2] and [7] the data is analyzed in order to assess the validity of the reverberant assumption and a summary of these finding is reported herein. Historically, for a reverberant environment the insertion loss is expected to behave linearly with the logarithm of the frequency","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126239296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388265
F. Bogdanov, R. Jobava, S. Frei, A. Gheonjian, E. Yavolovskaya, Birgit Huneke, Christian Lippert
An enhanced MoM scheme is suggested to effectively handle EM and EMC problems with including general N-port networks. This scheme is based on incorporation of network equations for voltages and currents into the standard MoM scheme. Application of this scheme to handle complicated automotive EMC problems is considered. Potential of integrated MoM-network scheme to solve complicated automotive and other vehicle EMC problems is outlined.
{"title":"Enhanced MoM scheme with incorporation of general N-port networks in application to automotive EMC problems","authors":"F. Bogdanov, R. Jobava, S. Frei, A. Gheonjian, E. Yavolovskaya, Birgit Huneke, Christian Lippert","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388265","url":null,"abstract":"An enhanced MoM scheme is suggested to effectively handle EM and EMC problems with including general N-port networks. This scheme is based on incorporation of network equations for voltages and currents into the standard MoM scheme. Application of this scheme to handle complicated automotive EMC problems is considered. Potential of integrated MoM-network scheme to solve complicated automotive and other vehicle EMC problems is outlined.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134403745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388187
T. Clees, T. Samrowski, M.L. Zitzmann, R. Weigel
In this paper, we propose a new, efficient and robust automatic solver switching strategy, called α-SAMG, tailored to linear systems of equations arising in PEEC-based EMC simulation. The PEEC method (partial element equivalent circuit) is an approach for transforming conducting objects into linear networks with basic electrical elements. Such equivalent circuit models can be simulated by conventional circuit solvers such as SPICE (simulation program for integrated circuit emphasis) based on the MNA (modified nodal analysis) approach. By applying appropriate sparsification techniques, sparse PEEC matrices can be obtained, adequate for iterative solvers. By using multi-level approaches, linear complexity w.r.t. time and memory consumptions can be achieved in the best case. Due to the fact that properties of PEEC matrices can differ drastically, we developed the automatic solver switching strategy α-SAMG. Its efficiency for PEEC matrices is demonstrated for seven practically relevant benchmark cases by comparison against standard solvers. In particular, it is shown that α-SAMG provides a robust and fast solution strategy.
{"title":"An automatic multi-level solver switching strategy for PEEC-based EMC simulation","authors":"T. Clees, T. Samrowski, M.L. Zitzmann, R. Weigel","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388187","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new, efficient and robust automatic solver switching strategy, called α-SAMG, tailored to linear systems of equations arising in PEEC-based EMC simulation. The PEEC method (partial element equivalent circuit) is an approach for transforming conducting objects into linear networks with basic electrical elements. Such equivalent circuit models can be simulated by conventional circuit solvers such as SPICE (simulation program for integrated circuit emphasis) based on the MNA (modified nodal analysis) approach. By applying appropriate sparsification techniques, sparse PEEC matrices can be obtained, adequate for iterative solvers. By using multi-level approaches, linear complexity w.r.t. time and memory consumptions can be achieved in the best case. Due to the fact that properties of PEEC matrices can differ drastically, we developed the automatic solver switching strategy α-SAMG. Its efficiency for PEEC matrices is demonstrated for seven practically relevant benchmark cases by comparison against standard solvers. In particular, it is shown that α-SAMG provides a robust and fast solution strategy.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131867295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388237
H. Streitwolf, R. Heinrich, Heinz-Günther Behnke, L. Dallwitz, U. Karsten
This paper reports about investigations of different EMC test facilities from immunity point of view. A special test device has been developed in order to obtain a quantitative measure for the immunity test. Using this test device different test facilities are compared regarding their repeatability and reproducibility as well as other advantages and drawbacks.
{"title":"Comparison of radiated immunity tests in different EMC test facilities","authors":"H. Streitwolf, R. Heinrich, Heinz-Günther Behnke, L. Dallwitz, U. Karsten","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388237","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports about investigations of different EMC test facilities from immunity point of view. A special test device has been developed in order to obtain a quantitative measure for the immunity test. Using this test device different test facilities are compared regarding their repeatability and reproducibility as well as other advantages and drawbacks.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124043856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388224
G. Masłowski, V. Rakov
A new formulation for lumped-source-type (transmission-line-type) lightning return-stroke models is proposed. This formulation expresses the longitudinal current at height z’ as the channel-base current minus the overall longitudinal current change from ground surface to z’. In general, the longitudinal current change consists of two components, one of which is associated with the upward propagation delay (transferred charge density component) and the other with the radial corona current (deposited charge density component). For the original transmission line (TL) model, there is no radial corona and, hence, no longitudinal current change due to corona current. For infinitely large current-wave propagation speed (as assumed in the Bruce-Golde model), there is no propagation delay and, therefore, in this case the longitudinal current change due upward propagation delay vanishes. The new formulation allows one to gain new insights into the lightning return stroke process.
{"title":"A new formulation for lightning return-stroke models of engineering type","authors":"G. Masłowski, V. Rakov","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388224","url":null,"abstract":"A new formulation for lumped-source-type (transmission-line-type) lightning return-stroke models is proposed. This formulation expresses the longitudinal current at height z’ as the channel-base current minus the overall longitudinal current change from ground surface to z’. In general, the longitudinal current change consists of two components, one of which is associated with the upward propagation delay (transferred charge density component) and the other with the radial corona current (deposited charge density component). For the original transmission line (TL) model, there is no radial corona and, hence, no longitudinal current change due to corona current. For infinitely large current-wave propagation speed (as assumed in the Bruce-Golde model), there is no propagation delay and, therefore, in this case the longitudinal current change due upward propagation delay vanishes. The new formulation allows one to gain new insights into the lightning return stroke process.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-27DOI: 10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388188
N. Matsuo, N. Kuwabara, Y. Okubo, M. Kawabata
The method of source modelling have been studied to estimate radiated emission at a distance of 10 m from the measured data at a distance of 3 m because the measurement facilities used the measurement at a distance of 10 m is expensive. However, the deviation between the measured and estimated values was more than 15 dB under a certain condition. In this paper, we study the method of improving estimation accuracy. The investigation indicated that the probability obtaining the optimum solution was majority. Therefore, to improve the estimation accuracy, we exclude the data that does not contain the range of standard deviation. The simulation using the calculated electric field was carried out. The imitated equipment was used as emission source, and the bilog-antenna was used as receiving antenna. The results indicated that the maximum deviation was reduced from 18 dB to 5dB. The radiated emission from a PC was estimated to verify the proposed estimation method. The result indicated the deviation was reduced from 4 dB to 3 dB.
{"title":"Improvement of accuracy using majority decision for far field estimation by source modelling method","authors":"N. Matsuo, N. Kuwabara, Y. Okubo, M. Kawabata","doi":"10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMCZUR.2007.4388188","url":null,"abstract":"The method of source modelling have been studied to estimate radiated emission at a distance of 10 m from the measured data at a distance of 3 m because the measurement facilities used the measurement at a distance of 10 m is expensive. However, the deviation between the measured and estimated values was more than 15 dB under a certain condition. In this paper, we study the method of improving estimation accuracy. The investigation indicated that the probability obtaining the optimum solution was majority. Therefore, to improve the estimation accuracy, we exclude the data that does not contain the range of standard deviation. The simulation using the calculated electric field was carried out. The imitated equipment was used as emission source, and the bilog-antenna was used as receiving antenna. The results indicated that the maximum deviation was reduced from 18 dB to 5dB. The radiated emission from a PC was estimated to verify the proposed estimation method. The result indicated the deviation was reduced from 4 dB to 3 dB.","PeriodicalId":397061,"journal":{"name":"2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126514108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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