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‘But this is a wizardry something that has to be removed first’ 但这是一个必须先移除的魔法阵。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1558/cam.24273
Daniel Oluwafemi Ajayi
In Nigeria, diagnoses of schizophrenia and descriptions of its symptoms and experiences are shaped by numerous biomedical and sociocultural perspectives. However, although many studies have focused on the social realities and public attitudes towards the disorder, the interactional means of how its diagnoses and experiences are constituted in psychiatric interviews have not hitherto received close attention from linguists in Nigeria. This paper thus examines a corpus of 56 audio recorded interviews in mental health clinics in southwestern Nigeria, using insights from Arundale’s concept of communicating and relating and Stalnaker’s notion of common ground. It observes that diagnoses of the disorder do not subscribe to any rigid diagnostic pathways, but evolve from the relational, provisional and operative interpretation of the design of its experiences and other shared contextual situations that collectively instantiate the knowledge of mental illness in Nigeria.
在尼日利亚,对精神分裂症的诊断以及对其症状和经历的描述是由许多生物医学和社会文化观点决定的。然而,尽管许多研究都侧重于精神分裂症的社会现实和公众态度,但迄今为止,尼日利亚的语言学家尚未密切关注精神分裂症的诊断和经历是如何在精神科访谈中构成的。因此,本文利用阿伦戴尔的 "沟通和关系 "概念以及斯塔尔纳克的 "共同点 "概念,对尼日利亚西南部心理健康诊所的 56 个访谈录音语料库进行了研究。研究发现,对精神障碍的诊断并不遵循任何僵化的诊断路径,而是从对其经历设计的关系性、临时性和可操作性解释以及其他共同的背景情况中演变而来,这些情况共同体现了尼日利亚对精神疾病的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Team talk and the evaluation of medical guidance documentation 团队谈话和医疗指导文件评估
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1558/cam.25960
K. N. Jenkings
This article looks at team talk in a validation committee meeting assessment of a guidance document text item. The item assessment was not evidence-based in terms of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) criteria; instead, the item was assessed via the committee members present drawing on their clinical practitioner members’ knowledge and professional experience. Analysis of the meeting reveals such apparently ‘mere opinion’ to be a systematic evaluation of professional knowledge and personal experiences, in ways ‘compatible’ with thought experiments. Thought experiments are argued to be a members’ resource as well as an analyst’s one, although their detailed occasionedness is not reducible to a constructivist formalisation. The article’s approach is informed by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, and while the use of thought experiments as a heuristic device in the analysis is controversial, a warrant for this is attempted. The research was undertaken to locate ways of understanding and supporting team members’ work of robust and useful guidance content production. ‘Validating’ guidance is shown in-and-as the emergent collaborative work of the committee members themselves.
这篇文章探讨了验证委员会会议评估指导文件文本项目时的团队讨论。根据循证医学(EBM)标准,项目评估并非以证据为基础;相反,项目评估是由出席会议的委员会成员根据其临床从业人员的知识和专业经验进行的。对会议的分析表明,这种看似 "纯粹的意见 "是对专业知识和个人经验的系统评估,与思想实验 "兼容"。思想实验被认为是成员的资源,也是分析师的资源,尽管其详细的偶然性并不能归结为建构主义的形式化。文章的研究方法借鉴了人种方法学和会话分析法,虽然在分析中使用思想实验作为启发式工具存在争议,但文章试图为此提供依据。开展研究的目的是找到理解和支持团队成员工作的方法,以制作稳健、有用的指导内容。验证 "指导在委员会成员的合作过程中体现出来。
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引用次数: 0
Implications of HIV status disclosure 披露艾滋病毒感染状况的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1558/cam.24959
Rachel G. A. Thompson, J. J. Nutor, Pascal Agbadi, E. Agbaglo, Geoffrey Anguyo
Disclosure of HIV status is critical for HIV prevention and control. However, although the benefits of HIV disclosure have received extensive documentation, the same cannot be said for its drawbacks. In the current study, we used a descriptive qualitative study design to highlight the implications of disclosure among 30 pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in Uganda. We conducted a qualitative content analysis and found that healthcare professionals responded positively and supportively when HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women disclosed their status, and that individuals who disclosed their status to their husbands but not to wider circles also experienced no mistreatment or discrimination. Contrarily, however, some husbands reacted unfavourably to their wife’s HIV-positive status when a larger audience was involved in the disclosure. In particular, we discovered that co-wives and in-laws promoted stigmatization, including violence, by husbands. The interaction between these HIV-positive women and their mothers also demonstrated both positive and negative implications. This counterintuitive attitude has the consequence of reducing the uptake of antiretroviral drugs. There is therefore a need for policies and initiatives that not only encourage disclosure to health professionals, spouses and a few close relatives or friends but prevent stigmatization, violence and other forms of abuse against HIV-positive women.
公开艾滋病毒感染状况对于预防和控制艾滋病毒至关重要。然而,尽管披露艾滋病病毒感染情况的益处已经得到了广泛的记录,但其弊端却不尽相同。在本研究中,我们采用了描述性定性研究设计,以突出披露对乌干达 30 名感染 HIV 的孕妇和产后妇女的影响。我们对内容进行了定性分析,发现当 HIV 阳性的孕妇和产后妇女公开自己的身份时,医护人员会给予积极的回应和支持。然而,与此相反,当有更多的人参与披露时,一些丈夫对其妻子的艾滋病毒呈阳性反应并不积极。特别是,我们发现共同的妻子和姻亲助长了丈夫的污名化,包括暴力。这些艾滋病毒呈阳性的妇女与其母亲之间的互动也显示出积极和消极的影响。这种反直觉的态度会降低抗逆转录病毒药物的使用率。因此,有必要制定政策和举措,不仅鼓励向保健专业人员、配偶和少数近亲或朋友披露情况,而且要防止对艾滋病毒呈阳性妇女的侮辱、暴力和其他形式的虐待。
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引用次数: 0
Tensions between institutional and professional frames in team talk in gerontological social work 老年社会工作团队谈话中制度与专业框架之间的紧张关系
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1558/cam.25959
Elisabet Cedersund, Anna Olaison, Susanne Kvarnström
Team meetings are central to social workers’ decision-making practices. These meetings often function as a forum for collegial consultations, when applications are processed and recommendations on decisions are discussed. In this paper, we present findings from a case study on team talk and decision-making practices in gerontological social work. The data come from a body of material gathered within the framework of a larger project covering the process of assessing elder care for older persons in three Swedish municipalities. The case concerns an application, due to homelessness, from a couple for an apartment in special housing. The team meeting was analysed using a data-driven perspective within a micro-analytical approach to talk, focusing in detail on how conflicting perspectives in the assessment of the couple’s needs are dealt with, and how tensions between divergent views and opinions are handled in relation to institutional and professional conversational frames. The findings show how the care managers (in Sweden the professional title for social workers working in elder care) negotiated the boundaries of responsibility and power within both the institutional and professional frames, revealing that the institutional frame dominated when it came to making decisions. The findings have implications for practice, as they give insight into the interactional dynamics involved in social workers’ assessments when navigating different conversational frames within their decision-making practices.
小组会议是社会工作者决策实践的核心。这些会议通常是处理申请和讨论决策建议的同事协商论坛。在本文中,我们将介绍一项关于老年社会工作中团队会谈和决策实践的个案研究结果。这些数据来自于在一个更大的项目框架内收集的大量材料,该项目涵盖了瑞典三个城市的老年人护理评估过程。该案例涉及一对夫妇因无家可归而申请入住特殊住房。在谈话的微观分析方法中,采用数据驱动的视角对团队会议进行了分析,重点关注在评估这对夫妇的需求时如何处理相互冲突的观点,以及如何根据机构和专业对话框架处理不同观点和意见之间的紧张关系。研究结果表明,护理经理(在瑞典,从事老年护理工作的社会工作者的专业职称)如何在机构和专业框架内协商责任和权力的界限,揭示了机构框架在决策时的主导地位。这些研究结果对实践具有启发意义,因为它们深入揭示了社会工作者在决策实践中驾驭不同对话框架时进行评估所涉及的互动动态。
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引用次数: 0
Communication skills, expertise and ethics in healthcare education and practice 医疗保健教育和实践中的沟通技巧、专业知识和道德规范
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1558/cam.24729
Srikant Sarangi, Maria Grazia Rossi
This interview represents an opportunity to take stock of the positioning of our discipline – broadly characterised as discourse / rhetoric / communication studies – in the context of healthcare education and practice, while at the same time exploring intersections between communication/discourse/rhetoric and ethics, through the discussion of what is articulated as the framework of ‘communication ethics’. More specifically, the notions of relationality and responsibility are alluded to as being the core of communication ethics – an effort to extend the notion of ‘communication expertise’, as outlined in previous research, as a necessary point of departure from the communication skills view which currently dominates healthcare education and practice.The interview was first published as ‘Communication skills, expertise and ethics in healthcare education and practice’, as part of a Special Issue titled ‘Rhetoric and Health’, Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio (RIFL) 15 (1): 106–122, https://doi.org/10.4396/2021060INT2
这次访谈提供了一个机会,让我们可以在医疗保健教育和实践的背景下,对我们的学科--广义上的话语/修辞/传播研究--的定位进行评估,同时通过对 "传播伦理 "框架的讨论,探索传播/话语/修辞与伦理之间的交叉点。更具体地说,"关系性 "和 "责任 "的概念被暗指为 "传播伦理 "的核心--正如以前的研究中所概述的那样,这是扩展 "传播专业知识 "概念的一种努力,是目前主导医疗保健教育和实践的传播技能观点的必要出发点。该访谈首次以 "医疗保健教育和实践中的传播技能、专业知识和伦理 "为题发表,作为题为 "修辞与健康 "的特刊的一部分,Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio (RIFL) 15 (1):106–122, https://doi.org/10.4396/2021060INT2
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引用次数: 1
Persuasion in healthcare needs virtue, narrative and a relational concept of autonomy 医疗保健中的说服需要美德、叙事和自主的关系概念
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1558/cam.26268
L. Kaldjian
Srikant Sarangi offers probing remarks about communication ethics and the relational aspects of the patient–clinician encounter. I am particularly intrigued by the attention he draws to persuasion and its legitimate role in the moral dynamic of decision making between patients and clinicians in healthcare.
斯里坎特-萨兰吉(Srikant Sarangi)对沟通伦理和病人与医生接触的关系方面提出了富有启发性的见解。我尤其感兴趣的是,他提请我们注意说服及其在医疗保健领域患者与临床医生之间决策的道德动态中的合法作用。
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引用次数: 0
Formulating problems in psycho-social rehabilitation 提出社会心理康复方面的问题
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1558/cam.25958
Chiara Piccini, Antonella Carassa
This article presents a study on team talk in psychosocial rehabilitation with reference to collective decision making. It focuses on problem formulation processes that occur during weekly team meetings in a Swiss organization providing psychosocial rehabilitation to chronic mental health patients.The corpus of team meetings (34 hours of recorded talk) was analyzed along three narrative dimensions: participation framework, timeline organization and forms of evaluation. The analysis was supported by ethnographic information (field notes collected during participant observation over ten months), in order to access the local conception and organization of rehabilitation work, which is repeatedly referred to and reshaped through discourse.The discursive practices identified show that team members learn to formulate problems in a way that allows them to identify and plan interventions in line with their rehabilitation model and the actual opportunities they have. Further, the role-related forms of participation highlight how different professionals contribute to the problem formulation in specific ways.In sum, the interaction turns out to be strongly centralized around the role of a meeting coordinator, who is able to enhance the participation of the other team members and to build institutional narratives on the basis of individual contributions, carrying out discursive work that can be metaphorically described as the weaving and knotting threads that make up a tapestry.
本文介绍了一项关于社会心理康复中团队谈话与集体决策的研究。文章从参与框架、时间安排和评估形式三个叙事维度分析了团队会议的语料库(34 个小时的谈话记录)。分析得到了人种学信息(在十个月的参与观察过程中收集的现场记录)的支持,以便了解当地康复工作的概念和组织,这些概念和组织通过话语被反复提及和重塑。所发现的话语实践表明,团队成员学会了以一种能够让他们根据自己的康复模式和实际机会确定和规划干预措施的方式来提出问题。此外,与角色相关的参与形式突出了不同的专业人员是如何以特定的方式为问题的提出做出贡献的。总之,互动被证明是以会议协调人的角色为中心的,他能够促进其他团队成员的参与,并在个人贡献的基础上建立机构叙事,其开展的话语工作可以被比喻为编织和编结织锦的线。
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引用次数: 0
The patient or lay person as expert 病人或非专业人士作为专家
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1558/cam.26000
Rolf Wynn
In the interview, Sarangi rightly points to the increasing drive to recognize patients, and more generally, lay persons, as experts and decision-makers. For instance, patients have their own unique knowledge of being a patient and receiver of healthcare services. A patient also knows what is important to him or her and must therefore play a crucial role in the decision-making process relating to the care given.
在访谈中,萨兰吉正确地指出,人们越来越倾向于承认患者,更广泛地说,非专业人士是专家和决策者。例如,病人对自己作为病人和医疗服务接受者的身份有自己独特的认识。病人也知道什么对他或她是重要的,因此必须在有关护理的决策过程中发挥关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Communicating at face value 以表面价值进行沟通
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1558/cam.25999
Michael C. Brannigan
Srikant Sarangi’s rich and provocative insights clearly merit robust inquiry. In resounding endorsement of his spot-on driving thesis of communication as “action/meaning-making practice,” let us stretch beyond our disciplinary corridors and embark on a brief phenomenological and ontological dig to further challenge the quarantining of communication to a template of skills and behavior.
斯里坎特-萨兰吉丰富而富有启发性的见解显然值得我们深入探究。他一针见血地指出,传播是 "行动/创造意义的实践",这是对这一论点的有力支持,让我们走出学科走廊,开始进行短暂的现象学和本体论探索,进一步挑战将传播隔离为技能和行为模板的做法。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the referred students’ coaching programme through student surveys 通过学生调查评估转介学生的辅导计划
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1558/cam.24819
Katharine Weetman, C. Wiskin, J. Skelton, Katharine Heathcock
Background: Students completing a healthcare degree can experience difficulties, both academic and non-academic. Early intervention for struggling students may present an opportunity for remediation. Students may be coached in academic performance, clinical communication, values-based learning and development of professional identity The referred students’ coaching programme at the University of Birmingham is a unique offering, encompassing eight different healthcare programmes. Referrals can be triggered by academic performance and ‘concern forms’ by stakeholders. Concerns by referrers include exam failure, performance anxiety, lack of confidence, poor team and/or patient/public communication or inadequate self-presentation as well as issues with attitudes/values, study methods, organisation, writing, language, motivation and conduct. Each student referred to the programme receives a bespoke coaching service. Sessions may include role play, narrative reflection, review and revision of academic work, structured feedback and signposting of resources.Methods and analysis: A qualitative evaluation is carried out of students referred to the Interactive Studies Unit at the University of Birmingham for coaching support with language, communication and professional development. This evaluation explores the experiences of referred students via qualitative surveys. The results are examined using thematic analysis and corpus linguistics. There is a minimum target of 15 participants.Dissemination: The findings will be published and shared internally for training and internal process improvement purposes.
背景:完成医疗保健学位的学生可能会遇到学术和非学术方面的困难。对有困难的学生进行早期干预可能会为他们提供补救的机会。伯明翰大学的转介学生辅导计划是一项独特的计划,涵盖八个不同的医疗保健课程。转介可由学习成绩和利益相关者的 "关注表 "触发。转介人关注的问题包括考试失败、成绩焦虑、缺乏自信、团队和/或患者/公众沟通不畅或自我展示不足,以及态度/价值观、学习方法、组织、写作、语言、动机和行为等方面的问题。每名转入该计划的学生都会得到量身定制的辅导服务。课程可能包括角色扮演、叙事反思、回顾和修改学术作品、结构化反馈和资源推荐:对伯明翰大学互动学习小组转介的学生进行了一项定性评估,以获得语言、交流和专业发展方面的辅导支持。这项评估通过定性调查探讨了转介学生的经历。调查结果将通过主题分析和语料库语言学进行检验。目标参与人数至少为 15 人:调查结果将在内部公布和共享,用于培训和内部流程改进。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Communication and Medicine
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