In speech and language therapy it is common to do an assessment of a child’s speech and language abilities. During the assessment, the child does not solely carry out the assigned task, but also does repair work to achieve intersubjectivity in order to perform well in the test activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate how children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) design and initiate repair during assessment. Sixteen children with DLD aged between 7;05 (7 years and 5 months) to 10;00 years were included. The data consist of video recordings of the children and a researcher made during the test activities, and conversation analysis is used to analyse the data. Findings show how the children initiate several kinds of repair during the test activities, with several types of reformulations presenting candidate understandings. The reformulations occurred just after the task-setting turn (TST), and they indicate that the children displayed an understanding of what was expected of them during the test activities. By using reformulations, the children thus revealed pragmatic skills and demonstrated competence in being a test taker. These findings may have clinical implications when assessing pragmatic skills.
{"title":"Children’s reformulations during speech-language assessment","authors":"Annette Esbensen, Maja Sigurd Pilesjö","doi":"10.1558/cam.23829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.23829","url":null,"abstract":"In speech and language therapy it is common to do an assessment of a child’s speech and language abilities. During the assessment, the child does not solely carry out the assigned task, but also does repair work to achieve intersubjectivity in order to perform well in the test activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate how children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) design and initiate repair during assessment. Sixteen children with DLD aged between 7;05 (7 years and 5 months) to 10;00 years were included. The data consist of video recordings of the children and a researcher made during the test activities, and conversation analysis is used to analyse the data. Findings show how the children initiate several kinds of repair during the test activities, with several types of reformulations presenting candidate understandings. The reformulations occurred just after the task-setting turn (TST), and they indicate that the children displayed an understanding of what was expected of them during the test activities. By using reformulations, the children thus revealed pragmatic skills and demonstrated competence in being a test taker. These findings may have clinical implications when assessing pragmatic skills.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Timmermans, Tanya Stivers, Keith Cox, Amanda McArthur
Communication research on medical interaction has made inroads into how patients shape treatment outcomes as well as how physician presentation of treatment can shape patient acceptance or resistance. Pain is the number one reason patients visit primary care physicians. The overprescription of opioids for chronic pain remains a major public health problem in the US and constitutes a risk factor for opioid addiction. In this study, we investigated how primary care physicians communicate recommendations for alternatives to opioid treatments for patients with self-reported moderate to serious chronic musculoskeletal pain and examined the relationship between communication strategies and patient resistance to non-opioid treatment recommendations. We relied on a convenience sample of 35 video recorded visits in which musculo-skeletal pain was reported as moderate to severe (or over 5 on the pain scale). Using a combined approach of abductive analysis, conversation analysis and descriptive statistics, we show that physicians are less likely to face patient resistance when they frame their non-opioid pain treatment recommendation as novel and present the treatment as concrete and tailored to the patient’s problem.
{"title":"Patients in pain","authors":"Stefan Timmermans, Tanya Stivers, Keith Cox, Amanda McArthur","doi":"10.1558/cam.22881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.22881","url":null,"abstract":"Communication research on medical interaction has made inroads into how patients shape treatment outcomes as well as how physician presentation of treatment can shape patient acceptance or resistance. Pain is the number one reason patients visit primary care physicians. The overprescription of opioids for chronic pain remains a major public health problem in the US and constitutes a risk factor for opioid addiction. In this study, we investigated how primary care physicians communicate recommendations for alternatives to opioid treatments for patients with self-reported moderate to serious chronic musculoskeletal pain and examined the relationship between communication strategies and patient resistance to non-opioid treatment recommendations. We relied on a convenience sample of 35 video recorded visits in which musculo-skeletal pain was reported as moderate to severe (or over 5 on the pain scale). Using a combined approach of abductive analysis, conversation analysis and descriptive statistics, we show that physicians are less likely to face patient resistance when they frame their non-opioid pain treatment recommendation as novel and present the treatment as concrete and tailored to the patient’s problem.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inattention, one of the defining traits of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Disorder (ADHD), is occasionally perceived as less worrying than hyperactivity and impulsivity. However, those individuals who manifest it are often targets of negative misjudgements. This paper examines how the symptom of inattention is understood among three social groups with an active role in the ADHD diagnosis: the medical, the educational and the family communities. It pays particular attention to (1) similarities across the groups and (2) evaluations relating to the symptom. As datasets, for the medical community the study considers the section of the DSM-5 concerning ADHD; for the teaching community, educational guidelines; and for the family, forum threads retrieved from addforums.com. A qualitative linguistic analysis was performed for each dataset to examine the representation and evaluation of the behavioural trait. The analysis draws on Systemic Functional Grammar, including Appraisal. Inattention is consistently evaluated negatively in all three datasets, as impacting not only activities that require strong cognitive involvement, but also a wide range of ordinary activities. Differences in the representation of the symptom of inattention are explained by the pragmatic functions of the three textual genres examined.
{"title":"Social understanding of inattention","authors":"Sara Vilar-Lluch","doi":"10.1558/cam.22379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.22379","url":null,"abstract":"Inattention, one of the defining traits of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Disorder (ADHD), is occasionally perceived as less worrying than hyperactivity and impulsivity. However, those individuals who manifest it are often targets of negative misjudgements. This paper examines how the symptom of inattention is understood among three social groups with an active role in the ADHD diagnosis: the medical, the educational and the family communities. It pays particular attention to (1) similarities across the groups and (2) evaluations relating to the symptom. As datasets, for the medical community the study considers the section of the DSM-5 concerning ADHD; for the teaching community, educational guidelines; and for the family, forum threads retrieved from addforums.com. A qualitative linguistic analysis was performed for each dataset to examine the representation and evaluation of the behavioural trait. The analysis draws on Systemic Functional Grammar, including Appraisal. Inattention is consistently evaluated negatively in all three datasets, as impacting not only activities that require strong cognitive involvement, but also a wide range of ordinary activities. Differences in the representation of the symptom of inattention are explained by the pragmatic functions of the three textual genres examined.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subliminal linguistic effects occur when words or phrases that are overheard by an interlocutor become subconsciously assimilated into their ongoing talk. Such effects are a common feature of everyday interaction. Yet by their nature they are ephemeral, extremely difficult to capture empirically and have not previously been studied at the micro-interactional level. However, broader ethnographic observations made in dementia care settings appear to indicate that subliminal linguistic effects are operationalised differently in people who have dementia, when compared to those without cognitive problems. This exploratory study focuses on over 200 hours of naturalistic multiparty field recordings collected in two UK dementia care settings. It utilises conversation analysis (CA) to examine the reproduction of naturally occurring subliminal linguistic effects in the speech and communication patterns of people with dementia and provides the first systematic micro-analysis of the phenomenon. The position of subliminal linguistic effects in relation to existing sociolinguistic research on overhearing and repetition and the role that features such as intonational emphasis may play in generating subliminal cues are discussed. The study confirms that it is possible to capture examples of subliminal linguistic effects in naturalistic settings and that there are potentially a number of micro-interactional features associated with the phenomenon in dementia communication which could form the basis of a novel, non-intrusive measure of cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Subliminal linguistic effects in dementia interaction","authors":"J. Chatwin, A. Capstick, Katherine Ludwin","doi":"10.1558/cam.26767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.26767","url":null,"abstract":"Subliminal linguistic effects occur when words or phrases that are overheard by an interlocutor become subconsciously assimilated into their ongoing talk. Such effects are a common feature of everyday interaction. Yet by their nature they are ephemeral, extremely difficult to capture empirically and have not previously been studied at the micro-interactional level. However, broader ethnographic observations made in dementia care settings appear to indicate that subliminal linguistic effects are operationalised differently in people who have dementia, when compared to those without cognitive problems. This exploratory study focuses on over 200 hours of naturalistic multiparty field recordings collected in two UK dementia care settings. It utilises conversation analysis (CA) to examine the reproduction of naturally occurring subliminal linguistic effects in the speech and communication patterns of people with dementia and provides the first systematic micro-analysis of the phenomenon. The position of subliminal linguistic effects in relation to existing sociolinguistic research on overhearing and repetition and the role that features such as intonational emphasis may play in generating subliminal cues are discussed. The study confirms that it is possible to capture examples of subliminal linguistic effects in naturalistic settings and that there are potentially a number of micro-interactional features associated with the phenomenon in dementia communication which could form the basis of a novel, non-intrusive measure of cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Overseas educated nurses’ (OENs) professional identity becomes threatened when limited communicative competence in the local language of their host country results in communication problems. While training is essential for increasing OENs’ communicative competence, their own perceptions of their competence should not be neglected. This article focuses on the impact of an English-language training programme on the self-perceived communicative competence of OENs (n = 68) in the United Kingdom. The effects of the training on their actual and self-perceived communicative competence, comprising competence in Task Focus (TF) and Rapport Building (RB), was examined using quantitative analysis based on pre- and post-training questionnaire and test data. It was found that there was a significant increase in the OENs’ self-perceived communicative competence from pre- to post-training. Further, Actual Task Focus (ATF) and Perceived Task Focus (PTF) competence correlated before and after training, whereas Actual Rapport Building (ARB) competence and Perceived Rapport Building (PRB) competence were not correlated before training, but did correlate after training. The pre-training lack of correlation seems to be due to an overestimation of competence. In sum, participants formed more accurate perceptions of their ARB competence through training. The results hold implications for developing OENs’ accommodative competence.
{"title":"On knowing what you do (not) know","authors":"Marilize Pretorius","doi":"10.1558/cam.26707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.26707","url":null,"abstract":"Overseas educated nurses’ (OENs) professional identity becomes threatened when limited communicative competence in the local language of their host country results in communication problems. While training is essential for increasing OENs’ communicative competence, their own perceptions of their competence should not be neglected. This article focuses on the impact of an English-language training programme on the self-perceived communicative competence of OENs (n = 68) in the United Kingdom. The effects of the training on their actual and self-perceived communicative competence, comprising competence in Task Focus (TF) and Rapport Building (RB), was examined using quantitative analysis based on pre- and post-training questionnaire and test data. It was found that there was a significant increase in the OENs’ self-perceived communicative competence from pre- to post-training. Further, Actual Task Focus (ATF) and Perceived Task Focus (PTF) competence correlated before and after training, whereas Actual Rapport Building (ARB) competence and Perceived Rapport Building (PRB) competence were not correlated before training, but did correlate after training. The pre-training lack of correlation seems to be due to an overestimation of competence. In sum, participants formed more accurate perceptions of their ARB competence through training. The results hold implications for developing OENs’ accommodative competence.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Language discrepancies may create barriers to healthcare, compromise the quality of care and worsen health outcomes. This study explored what European countries currently do to ensure that foreign patients receive sufficient information about their medications if they do not understand the country’s national language. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to the delegates of two Council of Europe committees. The recipients were asked to provide insights on how their country facilitates access to the necessary product information when patients do not understand the national language. Results: Seventeen out of 39 delegates completed the questionnaire. The majority of the respondents indicated that all healthcare professionals experience difficulties in providing guidance and advice to foreign patients. The results also showed that different methods are used nationally to present the necessary information to foreigners. Finally, the observations from this survey suggested that electronic leaflets in the patient’s primary language could be a valuable option to improve access to medication-related information. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals seem to encounter challenges in providing foreign patients with information associated with medication use. Electronic leaflets can be one of the tools for improving communication between these patients and healthcare professionals to ensure that medicines are used safely and effectively.
{"title":"role of electronic leaflets in improving access to medication-related information","authors":"A. B. Blöndal, Einar Magnússon, S. Ravera","doi":"10.1558/cam.20418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.20418","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Language discrepancies may create barriers to healthcare, compromise the quality of care and worsen health outcomes. This study explored what European countries currently do to ensure that foreign patients receive sufficient information about their medications if they do not understand the country’s national language.\u0000Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to the delegates of two Council of Europe committees. The recipients were asked to provide insights on how their country facilitates access to the necessary product information when patients do not understand the national language.\u0000Results: Seventeen out of 39 delegates completed the questionnaire. The majority of the respondents indicated that all healthcare professionals experience difficulties in providing guidance and advice to foreign patients. The results also showed that different methods are used nationally to present the necessary information to foreigners. Finally, the observations from this survey suggested that electronic leaflets in the patient’s primary language could be a valuable option to improve access to medication-related information.\u0000Conclusions: Healthcare professionals seem to encounter challenges in providing foreign patients with information associated with medication use. Electronic leaflets can be one of the tools for improving communication between these patients and healthcare professionals to ensure that medicines are used safely and effectively.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76211075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical implications of covert recording","authors":"R. Wynn, G. Ellingsen","doi":"10.1558/cam.22766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.22766","url":null,"abstract":"A rejoinder to the review by Elywn and colleages.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74905844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A response to the rejoinders to Elwyn and colleages.
对Elwyn和同事们的回应。
{"title":"A response to the rejoinders","authors":"G. Elwyn","doi":"10.1558/cam.24968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.24968","url":null,"abstract":"A response to the rejoinders to Elwyn and colleages.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77368422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How can the law better enable consultation recording?","authors":"Amelia Hyatt, M. Prictor","doi":"10.1558/cam.23424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.23424","url":null,"abstract":"A rejoinder to the review by Elywn and colleages.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76872912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physicians’ feelings and reactions in Taiwan","authors":"Wenbo Hou","doi":"10.1558/cam.23425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.23425","url":null,"abstract":"A rejoinder to the review by Elywn and colleages.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83438753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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