This study deals with assessment as an interactional practice in assisted eating activities involving people with late-stage dementia (here Alzheimer’s disease) in an elderly care home. The dataset for the study consists of video recordings of 26 occasions of eating activities. We investigate the use of embodied, vocal and verbal assessments (e.g., headshakes, nods and gustatory ‘mmm’) together with evaluative terms (e.g., ‘good’ or ‘great’) in three consecutive phases in these activities: ‘introducing the mealtime activity’, ‘offering the food’ and ‘receiving the food’. Drawing on multimodal analysis of interaction, we analyze three mealtime events, in which we show how assessments are issued by caregivers more often in interaction with a person with dementia who appears less engaged in the activity compared to a more engaged resident. Moreover, the analysis explicates how assessments fit in with the overall organization of the activity and are issued in a timely fashion when the food is introduced and brought close to the lips of the person with dementia, and when it is accepted. The findings show that assessments are used not only to share an evaluation of e.g., food or the action of the person with dementia, but also to manage the assisted eating activity. Assessments seem to be used distinctively (1) to build joint attention in the eating activity and (2) to encourage the assisted person to submit to/continue the activity of eating.
{"title":"Assessments in assisted eating activities","authors":"A. Majlesi, Anna Ekström, L. Hydén","doi":"10.1558/cam.18648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.18648","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with assessment as an interactional practice in assisted eating activities involving people with late-stage dementia (here Alzheimer’s disease) in an elderly care home. The dataset for the study consists of video recordings of 26 occasions of eating activities. We investigate the use of embodied, vocal and verbal assessments (e.g., headshakes, nods and gustatory ‘mmm’) together with evaluative terms (e.g., ‘good’ or ‘great’) in three consecutive phases in these activities: ‘introducing the mealtime activity’, ‘offering the food’ and ‘receiving the food’. Drawing on multimodal analysis of interaction, we analyze three mealtime events, in which we show how assessments are issued by caregivers more often in interaction with a person with dementia who appears less engaged in the activity compared to a more engaged resident. Moreover, the analysis explicates how assessments fit in with the overall organization of the activity and are issued in a timely fashion when the food is introduced and brought close to the lips of the person with dementia, and when it is accepted. The findings show that assessments are used not only to share an evaluation of e.g., food or the action of the person with dementia, but also to manage the assisted eating activity. Assessments seem to be used distinctively (1) to build joint attention in the eating activity and (2) to encourage the assisted person to submit to/continue the activity of eating.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87488159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Rehfeld, M. Kreye, Helena Goldstein Wendelboe, T. Holm-Larsen
‘Health Data’ is a term that is used in many different contexts, but understandings of what it encompasses are at best vague. Without an agreed definition, effective law making, ethical discussions and the development of solutions that relate to Health Data are hindered, and decisions about how and when it can be utilized will be distorted and inconsistent, meaning that the potential value of this important resource for society will not be realized. This study contributes to the healthcare literature by offering an empirical characterization of Health Data, enabling a more rigorous and informed discussion through an exploration of its characteristics and how these can support the formulation of a definition which is functional at an interdisciplinary level.Qualitative interviews with 30 Danish stakeholders working with data and health indicate that a proper definition of Health Data should acknowledge a distinction between when the focus is on the source of the data and when it is on how data is used. Further, it needs to incorporate information relating both to clinical data involving patients and to a population’s health status and behaviors more generally. Lastly, it needs to encompass structural data, pertaining to the health system and to wider societal and environmental factors.
{"title":"What is Health Data?","authors":"C. Rehfeld, M. Kreye, Helena Goldstein Wendelboe, T. Holm-Larsen","doi":"10.1558/cam.17951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.17951","url":null,"abstract":"‘Health Data’ is a term that is used in many different contexts, but understandings of what it encompasses are at best vague. Without an agreed definition, effective law making, ethical discussions and the development of solutions that relate to Health Data are hindered, and decisions about how and when it can be utilized will be distorted and inconsistent, meaning that the potential value of this important resource for society will not be realized. This study contributes to the healthcare literature by offering an empirical characterization of Health Data, enabling a more rigorous and informed discussion through an exploration of its characteristics and how these can support the formulation of a definition which is functional at an interdisciplinary level.Qualitative interviews with 30 Danish stakeholders working with data and health indicate that a proper definition of Health Data should acknowledge a distinction between when the focus is on the source of the data and when it is on how data is used. Further, it needs to incorporate information relating both to clinical data involving patients and to a population’s health status and behaviors more generally. Lastly, it needs to encompass structural data, pertaining to the health system and to wider societal and environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84302530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patients sharing their illness experiences can help members of the general population to adopt measures to prevent contracting similar diseases and also improve the treatment and management outcomes of those who are sick. In this study, experiences shared by cancer patients and survivors were used to establish the appropriateness of narratives in promoting cancer literacy, as well as in describing adherence to set policies on cancer treatment and management. Anchored on the Health Belief Model, this study analysed sampled Daily Nation newspaper articles sharing the experiences of cancer patients and survivors in Kenya. The data was analysed using content analysis and compared with guidelines in national policies on cancer and the Setting Perception Invitation or Information Knowledge Empathy Summarize or Strategize (SPIKES) protocol for breaking bad news. The key findings suggest that the narratives effectively captured critical aspects on cancer literacy including detection of symptoms, diagnosis, communication of results, palliative care and treatment and management. A lack of counselling before disclosing the results of cancer diagnosis and instances of absence of shared decision making in the treatment process indicated non-adherence to national policies on cancer treatment as well as the SPIKES protocol.
{"title":"Cancer warriors sharing personal experiences","authors":"A. Nyakundi","doi":"10.1558/cam.18553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.18553","url":null,"abstract":"Patients sharing their illness experiences can help members of the general population to adopt measures to prevent contracting similar diseases and also improve the treatment and management outcomes of those who are sick. In this study, experiences shared by cancer patients and survivors were used to establish the appropriateness of narratives in promoting cancer literacy, as well as in describing adherence to set policies on cancer treatment and management. Anchored on the Health Belief Model, this study analysed sampled Daily Nation newspaper articles sharing the experiences of cancer patients and survivors in Kenya. The data was analysed using content analysis and compared with guidelines in national policies on cancer and the Setting Perception Invitation or Information Knowledge Empathy Summarize or Strategize (SPIKES) protocol for breaking bad news. The key findings suggest that the narratives effectively captured critical aspects on cancer literacy including detection of symptoms, diagnosis, communication of results, palliative care and treatment and management. A lack of counselling before disclosing the results of cancer diagnosis and instances of absence of shared decision making in the treatment process indicated non-adherence to national policies on cancer treatment as well as the SPIKES protocol.","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84792893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methodological pragmatism in doing data","authors":"S. Sarangi","doi":"10.1558/cam.20763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.20763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83073386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the critical contribution of in situ social-behavioural research during COVID-19:","authors":"R. Iedema, C. Jorm, D. Piper","doi":"10.1558/cam.19754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.19754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89838925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In his timely article, Silverman discusses the implications of the pandemic for ethnographic research. He refers to Kumar’s comment, that ‘unless one’s ethnography is conducted only in and through the virtual world, much of ethnographic practice still heavily relies on on-the-ground, in-person encounters and observations’. As the pandemic has led to severe restrictions on collective, face-to-face activities, ethnographic researchers have had to adapt to extraordinary circumstances which have shaped their research, their field and their work environment. Silverman’s article is particularly interesting in the questions it asks about ‘being present’ in research. Silverman suggests that when faced with barriers to access, such as is the case in the pandemic, the researcher might consider alternative methods or resources. This was the position he found himself in many years ago, when he accessed recordings of clinical consultations for his HIV counselling research, in place of witnessing the consultations himself. Silverman reminds us to be reflexive and flexible about what we consider to be the nature and location of our field. With the increasing move online, he points us to Katarina Jacobsson, who suggests that we do not need to distinguish between ‘being there’ and ‘virtual’ data; instead, we should ‘follow research participants where they go’. Ethnographic research and conferences
{"title":"On ‘being there’","authors":"R. Dimond","doi":"10.1558/CAM.19753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/CAM.19753","url":null,"abstract":"In his timely article, Silverman discusses the implications of the pandemic for ethnographic research. He refers to Kumar’s comment, that ‘unless one’s ethnography is conducted only in and through the virtual world, much of ethnographic practice still heavily relies on on-the-ground, in-person encounters and observations’. As the pandemic has led to severe restrictions on collective, face-to-face activities, ethnographic researchers have had to adapt to extraordinary circumstances which have shaped their research, their field and their work environment. Silverman’s article is particularly interesting in the questions it asks about ‘being present’ in research. Silverman suggests that when faced with barriers to access, such as is the case in the pandemic, the researcher might consider alternative methods or resources. This was the position he found himself in many years ago, when he accessed recordings of clinical consultations for his HIV counselling research, in place of witnessing the consultations himself. Silverman reminds us to be reflexive and flexible about what we consider to be the nature and location of our field. With the increasing move online, he points us to Katarina Jacobsson, who suggests that we do not need to distinguish between ‘being there’ and ‘virtual’ data; instead, we should ‘follow research participants where they go’. Ethnographic research and conferences","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76522510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Doing qualitative health services research remotely","authors":"F. Wood","doi":"10.1558/CAM.19749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/CAM.19749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74031023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What is emerging for qualitative research in the COVID-19 emergency?","authors":"Rachel Grob, J. Evered","doi":"10.1558/CAM.19752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/CAM.19752","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76744854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A personal perspective on the impact of COVID 19 on research","authors":"G. Leydon","doi":"10.1558/cam.19938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.19938","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73357672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taking a positive psychology perspective","authors":"B. Watson","doi":"10.1558/cam.19747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/cam.19747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39728,"journal":{"name":"Communication and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89156156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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