Acute Medicine最新文献

This observational study used a large audit dataset to examine the relative effects of patient-related factors and those related to the pulmonary embolism (PE) on longer-term mortality after PE. We identified that longer-term mortality is higher in provoked compared to unprovoked PE and that, in this group, obesity is relatively protective. Simplified PE severity index (sPESI), known to link to short term mortality, remains predictive in the longer-term and there is no relationship of mortality to right heart strain or extent of clot. Interestingly mortality is higher in those with negative CTPA scans than those with PE. These clinically important results should encourage careful, holistic clinical assessment of patients in these groups prior to discharge to look for treatable comorbidities.

Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects copper metabolism in the body, leading to excess copper accumulation in various organs, including the liver and brain. It often presents to both primary and secondary care, with a combination of liver disease and neurological or psychiatric symptoms, but the presentation can be highly variable. Early recognition and treatment of Wilson's disease is important to prevent critical hepatic and neurological complications. In this case report, we describe the presentation of an 18-year-old male university student with a combination of dysphagia, tremors, and slurred speech, which progressed over several months. Through a series of investigations, the patient was diagnosed with Wilson's disease and received appropriate treatment. This report highlights the importance of considering Wilson's disease in patients with a wide range of symptoms and the need for a pragmatic approach to diagnosis, including routine and additional testing as necessary.

Background: Education, research, and Quality Improvement (QI) are key enablers for high quality care. We aimed to map the capability of Acute Medical Units (AMUs) to facilitate excellence in these areas.

Methods: AMUs were surveyed in an organisational questionnaire within the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit 2021.

Results: 143 units participated. 80 units had a QI lead, 24 had a research lead and 99 had a medical education lead. 15 units had all three leadership roles. Most QI work considered service structure rather than changes in processes or care outcomes.

Conclusion: The organisational capability of AMUs in the strategic areas considered is variable. Improving leadership and disseminating learning could help build a strategic foundation for acute medicine to grow.

Background: Safety netting is an important aspect of medical practice, especially for first contact clinicians. Adequate safety netting provision and documentation is vital for optimal patient care and medicolegal security. This is the first study to report safety netting documentation practices in the emergency department, a specialty with a variety of high-acuity presentations and which is particularly vulnerable to medicolegal issues.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at University Hospital Wales (UHW) Emergency Department (ED) in the months January-February and August 2023. Randomized paper notes review was performed for adult patients who were discharged from the ED without admission to hospital. Patient characteristics, time of consultation, grade of emergency medicine practitioner (EMP) and presence/level of safety netting documentation was recorded. The statistical software STATA was used to identify any associations between these factors on safety netting practices.

Results: A total of 500 notes were included. Safety netting advice was documented in 45% of consultations (n=224). This was 'basic' in 166 cases, 'general' in 32, 'specific' in 15 and both 'general and specific' in 11. Frequency of safety netting documentation was higher for ages < 65 years and consultations within working hours (09:00 - 17:00).

Conclusion: This study shows that there is no 'universal' level of safety netting documentation amongst practicing EMPs. Although there is well-established guidance about when, what and how safety netting should be provided, there is little guidance in terms of documentation details. Further audit and quality improvement to embed safety netting documentation in ED clerking is required to further improve safety netting practices.

Background: Exact benefits of currently recommended close monitoring in intermediate high risk acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients are unknown.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study determined clinical characteristics, and disease course of intermediate high risk acute PE patients in an academic hospital setting . Frequency of hemodynamic deterioration, use of rescue reperfusion therapy and PE related mortality, were outcomes of interest.

Results: Of 98 intermediate high risk PE patients included for analysis, 81 patients (83%) were closely monitored. Two deteriorated hemodynamically and were treated with rescue reperfusion therapy. One patient survived after this.

Conclusions: In these 98 intermediate high risk PE patients, hemodynamic deterioration occurred in three patients and rescue reperfusion therapy of two closely monitored patients led to survival of one. Underlining the need for better recognition of patients benefitting from and research in the optimal way of close monitoring.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several hospital systems observed a reduction in patients with respiratory complaints. Using the Danish national registers, we conducted an observational study on disease severity and 30-day all-cause mortality for acutely admitted pneumonia patients before (3/19-3/20) and during (3/20-2/21) the pandemic. We calculated mortality rate ratios and Cox regression analyses. We identified 54,405 patients and during the pandemic, patients were older, more likely to be male, had more co-morbidity and a lower albumin on admission. Crude mortality was higher during the pandemic (8.4 vs. 6.9%). Adjusted hazard ratio for 30-day all-cause mortality was 1.07 (95%CI 1.01-1.14). We showed a small but significant, increase in mortality risk for patients admitted to hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark.

Background: We describe changes in the distance travelled, the utilization of emergency services, and the inhospital mortality before and after the centralization of hospital emergency services in Denmark.

Methods: All unplanned non-psychiatric hospital contacts from adults (aged ≥18 years) in 2008 and 2016 are included. Analyses are age-standardized and conducted at a municipality level. The municipalities are divided into groups according to the presence of emergency hospital services.

Results: Municipalities where hospitals with emergency services have been closed differed by having the most significant increase in distance travelled from 2008 to 2016. All groups experienced a reduction in overall in-hospital mortality. The reduction in mortality was not present for acute myocardial infarct contacts from municipalities where hospitals with emergency services have been closed.

Conclusion: Our data do not suggest that hospital closures, and thereby increased travel distance, have contributed significantly as a barrier to emergency-care access and changes to in-hospital mortality.

Purpose: Assessment of ultrasound use for peripheral intravenous cannulation among acute care nurses and physicians.

Methods: Over a population of 17,437, the calculated sample size of respondents required was 376.

Results: A total of 388 health professionals; 249 (64.2%) physicians and 139 (35.8%) nurses completed the entire questionnaire. 166 (45.2%) used ultrasound for intravenous cannulation. A statistically significant difference favored physicians' ultrasound use (p<0.001). Respondents with less than 10 years of clinical practice used ultrasound significantly more (p<0.001). The main reported obstacle among users was the lack of time.

Conclusion: This survey revealed the gap between the current recommendations for ultrasound use for peripheral intravenous cannulation and the actual practices. Efforts should be made to develop specific training using ultrasound.

Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) represents an exciting tool for current and future acute care practitioners. POCUS has come a long way in a short space of time and its widespread implementation may well be one of the biggest changes seen in acute medicine across the next decade. This narrative review explores the increasing evidence base for the accuracy of POCUS use in various acute scenarios, whilst also addressing current gaps in the evidence and areas for potential future POCUS development.

Orbital myositis is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the extraocular muscles of the eyes. It has also been linked to systemic autoimmune diseases. We present a case of orbital myositis in a 57-year-old male undergoing treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK). Prompt administration of intravenous steroids led to rapid symptom improvement. To date, only six published cases have documented the association between RA and orbital myositis. This is the first description of orbital myositis occurring during treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug tofacitinib, an increasingly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). We review the literature and emphasize the importance of ongoing vigilance regarding adverse events linked to tofacitinib.