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An Extrapolation of the Stereotype Content Model to University Lecturers 刻板印象内容模型在大学讲师中的外推
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211026915
Tadios Chisango, N. Muridzo, Itai Mafa, Sibusiso Khombo
We extrapolated the stereotype content model to the perception of university lecturers by their students. Specifically, using a sample of Zimbabwean students, we tested whether lecturers fall into different clusters in reflection to the degree to which they are perceived as high or low on competence: (1) high competence-high warmth, (2) high competence-low warmth, (3) low competence-high warmth, and (4) low warmth-low competence. We also tested whether lecturers elicit different emotions and whether they are evaluated differently, depending on the clusters they fall into on the competence-warmth nexus. The findings were largely in line with the above hypotheses.
我们将刻板印象内容模型外推到学生对大学讲师的看法。具体来说,使用津巴布韦学生的样本,我们测试了讲师是否在反映他们被认为是高或低能力的程度上属于不同的集群:(1)高能力-高热情,(2)高能力-低热情,(3)低能力-高热情,(4)低热情-低能力。我们还测试了讲师是否会引发不同的情绪,以及他们是否会受到不同的评估,这取决于他们在能力-温暖关系中所处的集群。研究结果与上述假设基本一致。
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引用次数: 0
Diverse Applications of Sociological Imagination: A Qualitative Study of Service-Learning Mentoring 社会学想象的多元应用:服务学习辅导的质性研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211021390
Laura C. Atkins, Shelley B. Grant
This project expands discussions regarding critical ways that students’ diverse backgrounds and experiences intertwine with service-learning and social justice. Educators need to empower the next generation to explore their views, apply their skills, and engage with social issues. The research intersects with complex conversations about students’ perspectives regarding media representations, justice system responses, and views of at-risk youth. The project spanned four semesters of a sociology of media and crime course with service-learning mentoring. Qualitative reflection data drawn from 104 participating student mentors provided insights into how service-learners’ unique personal histories and sociological imaginations inform their views of youth, the mentoring experience, and social justice. The findings focus attention upon diversity within classrooms and expand the conversation about social justice praxis and service-learning pedagogy. Through reflexivity, the researchers consider their own social justice and service-learning practices, and add to the call for greater reflexivity within community-engaged sociology classrooms.
这个项目扩展了关于学生不同背景和经历与服务学习和社会正义交织在一起的关键方式的讨论。教育工作者需要授权下一代探索他们的观点,运用他们的技能,并参与社会问题。该研究与复杂的对话有关学生的观点,关于媒体的表现,司法系统的反应,并在风险青年的观点相交。从104名参与的学生导师那里获得的定性反思数据提供了洞察服务学习者独特的个人经历和社会学想象如何影响他们对青年、指导经历和社会正义的看法。研究结果聚焦于课堂多样性,并扩展了社会正义实践和服务学习教学法的对话。通过反身性,研究人员考虑了他们自己的社会正义和服务学习实践,并呼吁在社区参与的社会学课堂上进行更大的反身性。
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引用次数: 1
An Essay on the Challenges of Doing Education Research in Canada 加拿大教育研究面临的挑战
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211003471
K. Robson
In this essay, I discuss the challenges faced by Canadian researchers in trying to undertake research, particularly in the area of education. I begin by focusing on the issue of data availability (with focus on the lack of race data in Canada) and the extreme limitations that these issues place on the potential for research on important Canadian education issues and then discuss what I regard as hypervigilant data access protocols for Canadian data sets. I then turn to practical issues that arise when comparing education data across cities and countries and the process of “harmonizing” the data. I address the compromises that must be made when attempting to make data comparable across different sites. I conclude by discussing how the larger context in which education occurs must be considered when understanding observed comparative differences between educational outcomes.
在这篇文章中,我讨论了加拿大研究人员在试图进行研究时所面临的挑战,特别是在教育领域。我首先关注数据可用性问题(重点关注加拿大缺乏种族数据),以及这些问题对加拿大重要教育问题研究潜力的极端限制,然后讨论我认为是加拿大数据集的高度警惕的数据访问协议。然后,我转向在比较不同城市和国家的教育数据以及“协调”数据过程中出现的实际问题。我提出了在试图使数据在不同站点之间具有可比性时必须做出的妥协。最后,我讨论了在理解观察到的教育成果之间的比较差异时,必须考虑到教育发生的更大背景。
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引用次数: 4
Low-Wage Women’s Experiences of Workplace Incivilities 低薪女性对工作场所不礼貌的经历
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211014737
K. Tindell, Irene Padavic
Workplace incivility, also called bullying, mobbing, and harassment, is pervasive and takes a high toll on employees. This study draws on 18 in-depth interviews with women in the precarious, low-wage, service sector in jobs such as customer service representative, retail sales, food service, pharmacy technician, and bank teller. Women service workers are a particularly vulnerable group, and yet most research on workplace problems of this type focus on professional women’s experience. We find that in this sample, most incivilities came from supervisors, followed by customers and then coworkers. Among supervisors, women were the most common perpetrators, while customer and coworker perpetrators were largely men. The type of incivility varied depending on role: Disparagement was common on the part of supervisors and customers, while coworkers were far more likely to engage in sexual harassment, which was virtually nonexistent among supervisors. Consequences for targets of these incivilities included anxiety, which most had experienced, and income loss. We offer suggestions for future research and policy.
工作场所的不文明行为,也被称为欺凌、围攻和骚扰,是普遍存在的,给员工造成了很大的损失。本研究对18位从事不稳定、低工资、服务行业的女性进行了深度访谈,这些行业包括客户服务代表、零售销售、食品服务、制药技术人员和银行柜员。女性服务工作者是一个特别脆弱的群体,然而大多数关于这类工作场所问题的研究都集中在职业女性的经历上。我们发现,在这个样本中,最不礼貌的行为来自上司,其次是客户,然后是同事。在主管中,女性是最常见的施害者,而顾客和同事施害者则主要是男性。不文明行为的类型因角色而异:主管和客户之间的贬低很常见,而同事更有可能进行性骚扰,而主管之间几乎不存在这种情况。这些不文明行为对目标造成的后果包括大多数人都经历过的焦虑和收入损失。我们对未来的研究和政策提出了建议。
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引用次数: 1
Factors Influencing the Attitude Toward Anti-Littering Behavior 影响反乱丢垃圾行为态度的因素
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211015877
Jagwinder Singh, R. Kaur
Guided by the health belief model (HBM), the present study attempts to assess the influence of three major constructs of HBM namely perceived threat, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits on the attitude toward anti-littering behavior. In total, 750 individuals were interviewed at 34 locations across the states of New Delhi and Punjab in a field survey. Empirical research had been conducted through confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS 21.0 to classify the predictors of the four constructs according to their relative significance using the natural gaps in standardized regression weight values. Subsequently, path analysis has been used to test a series of hypotheses concerning the direct effects of perceived threat, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits on attitude toward anti-littering behavior. The findings of the study reveal that perceived barriers and perceived benefits have a significant influence on the attitude, whereas perceived threat does not have a significant influence on the attitude.
在健康信念模型(HBM)的指导下,本研究试图评估HBM的三个主要构念即感知威胁、感知障碍和感知利益对反乱扔行为态度的影响。总共有750人在新德里和旁遮普邦的34个地点接受了实地调查。实证研究通过AMOS 21.0中的验证性因子分析,利用标准化回归权值的自然间隙,对四个构式的预测因子按其相对显著性进行分类。随后,通过通径分析对感知威胁、感知障碍和感知利益对反乱丢垃圾行为态度的直接影响进行了一系列假设检验。研究结果表明,感知障碍和感知利益对态度有显著影响,而感知威胁对态度没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 5
Identifying and Mitigating the Negative Effects of Power in Organizations 识别和减轻组织中权力的负面影响
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211014789
Paweł P. Ziemiański
This article investigates the possible negative effects of power in organizations. It demonstrates how holding power may affect an individual’s perception of others, actions, and cognition. Ways in which power may have a detrimental effect on different aspects of a manager’s functioning within an organization, including building relationships, communication, and performance are analyzed. It is argued that individuals are unaware of these effects, and thus it is necessary to introduce methods of their diagnosis and countermeasures on the organizational level. In addition, negative phenomena associated with the power’s distribution among organizations’ units and its structural aspects are analyzed. A set of questions is proposed, which can be used by individuals and organizations to reveal the extent to which adverse effects of power are present in an organization. These inquiries can be used to design and introduce specific countermeasures and improve communications and the quality of interactions within organizations. Selected countermeasures are also proposed in the article.
本文调查了权力在组织中可能产生的负面影响。它展示了掌握权力如何影响个人对他人、行为和认知的感知。在组织中,权力可能对管理者的不同职能产生不利影响的方式,包括建立关系、沟通和绩效。有人认为,个人没有意识到这些影响,因此有必要在组织层面上引入他们的诊断方法和对策。此外,本文还分析了与组织单位间权力分配及其结构方面相关的消极现象。本文提出了一系列问题,个人和组织都可以利用这些问题来揭示权力在组织中产生的不利影响的程度。这些查询可用于设计和引入具体的对策,并改善组织内的沟通和互动质量。文章还提出了相应的对策。
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引用次数: 1
Using Institutional Ethnography to Bridge the Gap and Develop eHealth Communications for Patient Transitions in British Columbia 在不列颠哥伦比亚省,使用机构人种学来弥合差距并为患者过渡开发电子健康通信
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211000709
K. Atwood
Communication during patient transitions is difficult in a fragmented health care system. eHealth technologies are often seen as a panacea, but a large proportion of eHealth projects fail, primarily because of human, not technological, elements. To combat this tendency, concepts derived from institutional ethnography were applied to create an electronic communications solution, which enabled careful mapping of communications gaps; their consequences; and the diverse needs of multiple health care providers. Institutional ethnography allowed researchers to trace social relations across locations in the health system and determine how action could be coordinated to ensure that family physicians were informed of patients’ acute care encounters, while simultaneously strengthening relations between clinicians and information technology workers. As a result, an automated electronic notification system was piloted, evaluated, and spread to more than 92 percent of community physicians in one region of British Columbia, Canada, improving communication between providers and enhancing patient care.
在一个分散的卫生保健系统中,病人转院期间的沟通是困难的。电子健康技术通常被视为灵丹妙药,但大部分电子健康项目失败,主要是因为人为因素,而不是技术因素。为了对抗这种趋势,从制度人种学衍生的概念被应用于创建电子通信解决方案,从而能够仔细绘制通信差距;他们的后果;以及多个医疗保健提供者的不同需求。机构人种学使研究人员能够追踪卫生系统中各个地点的社会关系,并确定如何协调行动,以确保家庭医生了解患者的急性护理遭遇,同时加强临床医生和信息技术工作者之间的关系。结果,在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的一个地区,一个自动电子通知系统进行了试点、评估,并推广到超过92%的社区医生,改善了提供者之间的沟通,提高了患者护理水平。
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引用次数: 1
Local Response to Forced Adaptation Challenges: Lessons from a Post-flooding School Rebuilding Controversy 当地对被迫适应挑战的反应:从洪水后学校重建争议中吸取教训
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211003472
Christopher Plein
This study focuses on school rebuilding experiences in a distressed rural county in the wake of severe flooding. While considering scholarly literature, and making use of relevant public records and media coverage, the centerpiece of this qualitative study is an analysis of 391 public comments made in response to proposed rebuilding plans. The study focuses on how the schools rebuilding debate was socially constructed in response to the flood and in a time of growing awareness of climate change. The findings suggest that the debate was framed along lines familiar to rural school closure and consolidation controversies in general and in context of underlying political and social conditions specific to the county. Themes of power and powerlessness, fairness and justice, and community identity and viability were predominant. Specific discussion of climate change and associated themes was notably absent in the public comments. The findings suggest that existing sociopolitical context and policy domains may shape the consideration of new adaptation choices, whether forced by immediate events such as a natural disaster, or influenced by longer term concerns relating to climate change.
本研究的重点是在一个贫困的农村县在严重的洪水后重建学校的经验。在考虑学术文献,并利用相关公共记录和媒体报道的同时,本定性研究的核心是对391条公众对拟议重建计划的评论进行分析。这项研究的重点是,在人们对气候变化的意识日益增强的情况下,学校重建的辩论是如何在社会上形成的。调查结果表明,这场辩论的框架与农村学校关闭和合并的争议大体相似,并与该县具体的潜在政治和社会条件有关。权力与无力、公平与正义、社区认同与生存能力等主题占据主导地位。公众评论中明显没有对气候变化及相关主题的具体讨论。研究结果表明,现有的社会政治背景和政策领域可能会影响对新的适应选择的考虑,无论是受到自然灾害等直接事件的强迫,还是受到与气候变化有关的长期关注的影响。
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引用次数: 3
From the Guest Editors: Canadian Perspectives on and Applications of Applied Sociology 客座编辑:加拿大应用社会学的视角与应用
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211002110
E. Milne, Sara J. Cumming
Public confidence and trust in higher education has declined (Johnson and Peifer 2017) and the future of the higher education sector has been questioned (AGB 2020). More specifically, the discipline of sociology is considered to be in “crisis” and applied sociological approaches are offered as a solution (Graizbord 2019; Weinstein 1997). The purpose of this introduction article as well as the broader special issue is to explore the nature and state of applied sociology in Canada. With a collection of seven articles authored by Canadian sociologists on topics including application research, reflections on process, and teaching practice, this special issue provides a platform to discuss and showcase the distinct nature and contributions of applied sociology in Canada as well as highlight the work of Canadian applied sociologists.
公众对高等教育的信心和信任已经下降(Johnson and Peifer 2017),高等教育部门的未来受到质疑(AGB 2020)。更具体地说,社会学学科被认为处于“危机”之中,并提供了应用社会学方法作为解决方案(Graizbord 2019;温斯坦1997)。这篇导论文章以及更广泛的特刊的目的是探讨加拿大应用社会学的性质和状态。这期特刊收录了加拿大社会学家撰写的七篇文章,主题包括应用研究、过程反思和教学实践,为讨论和展示加拿大应用社会学的独特性质和贡献提供了一个平台,同时也突出了加拿大应用社会学家的工作。
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引用次数: 1
Applying Social Science to Bring Resident Stakeholders into Pollution Governance: A Rural Environmental Justice Public Health Case Study 应用社会科学将居民利益相关者引入污染治理:农村环境正义公共卫生案例研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211001751
Sherrie M. Steiner, J. Marshall, A. Mohammadpour, A. Thompson
The purpose of this engaged public sociology study was to use social science to bring resident stakeholders into the process of governing pollution production in a rural community. The community has cancer clusters. Residents have concerns about direct exposure to pollution production in their neighborhood by a steel recycling plant that has been cited numerous times for environmental violations. The facility has been under voluntary remediation since 2009, but neighborhood residents were marginalized from the governance process. This case study details how social science was used to bring neighborhood residents’ concerns about direct exposure to toxic air pollution into remediation governance. A curricula-as-research model was developed to provide an engagement framework that guided the case study as it progressed through a series of six stages over five years. The principal investigator maintained this collaboration by integrating the project into courses, securing small grants, developing an affordable air pollution monitoring method, and convening multiple community meetings. The air monitoring results are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the impact of the case study on the company, the state environmental management agency, local government, the nonprofit partner, and residents’ sense of human agency is evaluated.
这项公共社会学研究的目的是利用社会科学将居民利益相关者带入治理农村社区污染生产的过程。这个社区有癌症集群。居民们担心,他们会直接暴露在附近一家钢铁回收厂的污染产品中,这家工厂多次被指违反环境规定。自2009年以来,该设施一直处于自愿修复状态,但社区居民在治理过程中被边缘化。本案例研究详细介绍了如何利用社会科学将社区居民对直接暴露于有毒空气污染的担忧纳入补救治理。课程即研究模式的开发提供了一个参与框架,指导案例研究在五年内通过一系列六个阶段进行。首席研究员通过将项目整合到课程中、获得小额赠款、开发负担得起的空气污染监测方法以及召开多次社区会议来维持这种合作。对空气监测结果进行了分析和讨论。最后,对案例研究对公司、国家环境管理机构、地方政府、非营利合作伙伴和居民的人类主体意识的影响进行了评估。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Applied Social Science
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