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Exploring Environmental Volunteers’ Perceptions of Health to Design a Health-Related Impact Measurement Tool 探讨环境志愿者的健康认知,设计健康影响测量工具
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1177/1936724421998265
Valentine Seymour, Mike Wood
This article aims to explore the use of the user-centered design (UCD) method, mental model approach, of those who engage in environmental volunteering to work toward the development of a health-related impact measurement tool. It reports a case study which explores the use of one UCD method, a mental model approach. This is an understudied area of research that would be considerably valuable for practitioners in the voluntary sector who wish to create their own health-related impact measurement tool. Focus group interviews are used to explore how volunteers perceive the term health, their conceptual understandings, terminology used, and the attributes to measure it. This study is reported from the perspective of U.K. environmental charity, The Conservation Volunteers (TCV). Findings from this article can be used by other voluntary organizations and charities to help shape their own health-related impact measurement tool and the ways in which these tools can be tailored to suit their individual needs.
本文旨在探索使用以用户为中心的设计(UCD)方法,即心理模型方法,让那些从事环境志愿工作的人致力于开发与健康相关的影响测量工具。它报告了一个案例研究,探讨了一种UCD方法的使用,一种心理模型方法。这是一个尚未得到充分研究的研究领域,对于希望创建自己的健康影响衡量工具的志愿部门从业人员来说,这一领域非常有价值。焦点小组访谈用于探讨志愿者如何感知健康一词,他们的概念理解,使用的术语,以及衡量它的属性。本研究是从英国环境慈善组织the Conservation Volunteers (TCV)的角度报道的。其他志愿组织和慈善机构可以使用本文的研究结果来帮助制定他们自己的健康相关影响测量工具,以及如何调整这些工具以满足他们的个人需求。
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引用次数: 1
Improving Data Quality with Sociodemographic Matching?: About the Effects and Implications of Age and Gender Matching in Face-to-Face Interviews 通过社会人口匹配提高数据质量?:关于年龄和性别匹配在面对面访谈中的作用和意义
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-19 DOI: 10.1177/1936724421998257
F. Bittmann
According to the theory of liking, data quality might be improved in face-to-face survey settings when there is a high degree of similarity between respondents and interviewers, for example, with regard to gender or age. Using two rounds of European Social Survey data from 25 countries including more than 70,000 respondents, this concept is tested for the dependent variables amount of item nonresponse, reluctance to answer, and the probability that a third adult person is interfering with the interview. The match between respondents and interviewers is operationalized using the variables age and gender and their statistical interactions to analyze how this relates to the outcomes. While previous studies can be corroborated, overall effect sizes are small. In general, item nonresponse is lower when a male interviewer is conducting the interview. For reluctance, there are no matching effects at all. Regarding the presence of other adults, only female respondents profit from a gender match, while age is without any effect. The results indicate that future surveys should weigh the costs and benefits of sociodemographic matching as advantages are probably small.
根据喜欢理论,在面对面的调查设置中,当受访者和采访者之间存在高度相似性时,例如在性别或年龄方面,数据质量可能会得到改善。利用来自25个国家的两轮欧洲社会调查数据,包括7万多名受访者,这一概念被检验了因变量的项目不回应,不愿回答的数量,以及第三个成年人干扰采访的可能性。受访者和采访者之间的匹配使用变量年龄和性别及其统计相互作用来分析这与结果的关系。虽然先前的研究可以得到证实,但总体效应很小。一般来说,当男性面试官进行面试时,项目无反应率较低。对于磁阻,根本没有匹配效应。对于其他成年人的存在,只有女性受访者从性别匹配中获益,而年龄没有任何影响。结果表明,未来的调查应该权衡社会人口匹配的成本和收益,因为优势可能很小。
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引用次数: 1
Reflections on Embeddedness in an Applied Sociology Project in Ontario 安大略省应用社会学项目中嵌入性的思考
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/19367244211000271
Grace Maich, Jeff Boggs, Jonah Butovsky
The growth of precarious employment across Canada prompted sociologists and community researchers to understand the causes and consequences of insecure work. However, structural context often leads research organizations’ goals to conflict with those of its members. According to organizational theory, external pressures influence organizational goals and their approaches to problem solving. Thus, the purpose of this article is to illuminate some of the concrete ways that such pressures, known as embeddedness, help to shape research output. We draw on written reflective analyses of our experiences with embeddedness while working in the research organization Poverty and Employment Precarity in Niagara (PEPiN) to highlight the external factors which constrained our data analysis and our final report’s legislative and workplace policy recommendations for relieving the economic and family stresses associated with precarious work. We argue that embeddedness under neoliberal conditions limits the extent of structural critique that research organizations make of working conditions.
加拿大不稳定就业的增长促使社会学家和社区研究人员了解不稳定工作的原因和后果。然而,结构背景常常导致研究组织的目标与其成员的目标发生冲突。根据组织理论,外部压力影响组织目标及其解决问题的方法。因此,本文的目的是阐明这种被称为嵌入性的压力有助于形成研究成果的一些具体方式。我们在研究机构“尼亚加拉贫困和就业不稳定”(PEPiN)工作期间,利用对嵌入性经验的书面反思分析,强调限制我们数据分析的外部因素,以及我们最终报告的立法和工作场所政策建议,以减轻与不稳定工作相关的经济和家庭压力。我们认为,新自由主义条件下的嵌入性限制了研究机构对工作条件进行结构性批评的程度。
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引用次数: 0
Sacred Healings through Telling Story: Lessons from the Sacred Grounds 通过讲故事的神圣治疗:来自神圣场地的教训
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/1936724421998977
Jessica E. Pulis, Alexander Hollenberg, Brianna Wodabek
In Canada, women—in particular, Indigenous women—comprise the fastest growing population of those who are sentenced. These trends are evidence of the continued impact of colonialism and the residential school legacy that has been well documented by scholars in varying degrees and at all levels of the Canadian criminal justice system. However, changes to address discrimination and overrepresentation have mostly resulted in changes within the current system rather than changes to the system itself. Attempts to “indigenize the white system” through training, programming, legislation, employment, and funding continue to reinforce colonialism and fail those who are Indigenous, especially women and girls. In acknowledgment of such harm, Elizabeth Fry Peel-Halton and Correctional Services Canada (CSC) collaborated with local Elder, Little Brown Bear (Ernest W. Matton), to create space where women could participate in traditional sweat lodge ceremony and healing away from correctional facilities, with the goal of providing a more authentic experience for Indigenous women and other women who are sentenced. While there are sweat lodges at both federal and provincial facilities, the Sacred Grounds are the first off-site (i.e., away from the correctional institution) space like this in Canada. This research explores the ways the Sacred Grounds possibly reduces the settler-colonial imperatives of traditional bricks and bars corrections and may encourage and support women’s stories of resilience and reconciliation.
在加拿大,女性——尤其是土著女性——构成了被判刑人数增长最快的群体。这些趋势是殖民主义和寄宿学校遗产的持续影响的证据,学者们在不同程度上和在加拿大刑事司法系统的各级都有详细的记录。然而,为解决歧视和人数过多问题而进行的改革,主要是在现行制度内部进行改革,而不是改变制度本身。试图通过培训、规划、立法、就业和资金来“使白人制度本土化”的做法继续强化殖民主义,并使土著人民,特别是妇女和女孩失败。为了认识到这种伤害,Elizabeth Fry Peel-Halton和加拿大惩教服务(CSC)与当地长老小棕熊(Ernest W. Matton饰)合作,创造了一个空间,让女性可以在远离惩教设施的地方参加传统的汗房仪式和治疗,目的是为土著妇女和其他被判刑的妇女提供更真实的体验。虽然在联邦和省级监狱都有类似的汗汗小屋,但圣地是加拿大第一个这样的非监狱场所(即远离惩教机构)。这项研究探索了神圣的土地可能减少定居者-殖民地的传统砖块和酒吧纠正的方式,并可能鼓励和支持妇女的韧性和和解的故事。
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引用次数: 0
Making the Case for the Socially Relevant Social Scientist 为社会相关的社会科学家做案例
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/1936724421993516
Constance Iloh, C. Connor
In the twenty-first century, the role and possibilities of academics could not be more significant. As such, social relevance must be inextricably linked to our goal and work as academics, thinkers, and scholars. The purpose of this article is to put forth and highlight the socially relevant social scientist as a viable and necessary component of the academic enterprise. In particular, we highlight three functions meaningful to the socially relevant social scientist: genre flexibility, social street credibility, and relational research. The article also addresses graduate education and tenure and promotion as two areas greatly in need of revisiting to cultivate and sustain socially relevant social scientists.
在21世纪,学术的作用和可能性是无比重要的。因此,作为学者、思想家和学者,社会相关性必须与我们的目标和工作密不可分。本文的目的是提出并强调社会相关社会科学家作为学术事业的一个可行和必要的组成部分。我们特别强调了对社会相关社会科学家有意义的三个功能:类型灵活性、社会街头可信度和关系研究。本文还将研究生教育、终身职位和晋升作为培养和维持与社会相关的社会科学家非常需要重新审视的两个领域。
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引用次数: 2
Social Representations of Physical Disability in a Professional Environment 职业环境中身体残疾的社会表征
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1936724420982964
Bernardeau-Moreau Denis
Our article addresses disability as a social construct. More precisely, our intention is to see to what degree practices and exchange and interaction situations operate on social representations of physical disability in professional environments. Our aim is to provide some elements for reflection with regard to the imagined issues of physical disability in the workplace by focusing, in particular, on the social representations that they trigger among employees and managers who work with disabled colleagues on a day-to-day basis.
我们的文章将残疾视为一种社会结构。更准确地说,我们的目的是观察实践、交流和互动情境在多大程度上对职业环境中身体残疾的社会表征起作用。我们的目标是提供一些元素来反思关于工作场所中身体残疾的想象问题,特别是通过关注它们在日常工作中与残疾同事一起工作的员工和经理中引发的社会表征。
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引用次数: 0
Food Assistance Deserts in Central Florida: Identifying Service Gaps Using Spatial Analysis 佛罗里达州中部的粮食援助沙漠:利用空间分析识别服务差距
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1936724420984401
Emily Curran, A. Armenia
Food assistance works to relieve food insecurity, a persistent problem in the United States disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. In this study, we take a closer look at geographical service gaps in food assistance using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to measure food assistance deserts, a term for areas where the nearest food assistance location is more than a mile away from the population centroid of a block group. By combining geographic data with data from the American Community Survey, we identified characteristics and predictors of food assistance deserts. Our results indicate that locations of food assistance in Central Florida are generally responsive to the needs of the community but are lacking in more affluent areas. This research was made possible through a partnership between our institution and Second Harvest Food Bank of Central Florida. The affordability and accessibility of this project should serve as a model for assessing spatial inequality in social service agencies through collaborative community-based research.
粮食援助有助于缓解粮食不安全问题,这是美国长期存在的问题,严重影响着边缘化社区。在本研究中,我们使用地理信息系统(GIS)分析来衡量粮食援助沙漠(一个术语,指最近的粮食援助地点距离一个街区群的人口中心超过一英里的地区),仔细研究了粮食援助中的地理服务差距。通过将地理数据与美国社区调查的数据相结合,我们确定了粮食援助沙漠的特征和预测因素。我们的研究结果表明,佛罗里达州中部的食品援助地点通常是对社区需求的回应,但在更富裕的地区却缺乏。这项研究是通过我们的机构和佛罗里达州中部第二丰收食品银行之间的合作而成为可能的。该项目的可负担性和可及性可作为通过社区合作研究评估社会服务机构空间不平等的模型。
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引用次数: 3
Book Review: Individualism, Holism and the Central Dilemma of Sociological Theory by Jiří Šubrt 书评:个人主义,整体主义和社会学理论的中心困境Jiří Šubrt
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1936724420983581
H. Behrends
serves as “a useful starting point” (Tight, 2019, p. 5) for conducting and applying documentary research in interand transdisciplinary settings. By providing “the support which is largely lacking in the social research methods literature for those interested in and undertaking documentary research” (Tight, 2019, p. 5), it will therefore be of interest to assorted scholars, students, and practitioners across the social sciences who not only deal with documents but also who desire to improve or expand their awareness of these objects constituting and shaping so much of their research practices. The present and future of social research depends on documentation.
作为“一个有用的起点”(Tight, 2019,第5页),在跨学科背景下进行和应用文献研究。通过提供“对那些对文献研究感兴趣和从事文献研究的人在很大程度上缺乏社会研究方法文献的支持”(Tight, 2019,第5页),因此,它将引起社会科学领域的各种学者、学生和实践者的兴趣,他们不仅要处理文件,而且要改善或扩大他们对这些构成和塑造他们的研究实践的对象的认识。社会研究的现在和未来取决于文献。
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引用次数: 0
Collaboration Consequences: New Public Management and Police-Academic Partnerships 合作的结果:新的公共管理和警察-学术伙伴关系
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/1936724420984378
C. Sanders, D. Langan
With increasing pressure on public organizations to demonstrate accountability, police services and public universities are being tasked with demonstrating how their institutional strategies are effective and economically efficient. In this paper, we draw on our own research collaborations with two different Canadian police services (Bluewater and Greenfield) on a similar community crime prevention strategy, Situation Tables. We illustrate how new public management practices are embedded in the political, economic, and organizational contexts that have inspired police-academic partnerships and invigorated the evidence-based policing movement in Canada. Our analysis illustrates how our partnerships were influenced by the performance strand of new public management that prioritizes the quantification of measures of outputs over qualitative evaluations of impact. We argue that these practices, if not interrogated, can jeopardize the integrity of evidence-based practice and policy development. Academic freedom must be retained when partnering with the police to ensure an examination of the implications of police practices.
随着公共组织展示问责制的压力越来越大,警察部门和公立大学的任务是展示它们的机构战略是如何有效和经济高效的。在本文中,我们借鉴了我们自己与两个不同的加拿大警察部门(蓝水和格林菲尔德)就类似的社区犯罪预防策略进行的研究合作,即情景表。我们说明了新的公共管理实践如何嵌入到政治、经济和组织背景中,这些背景激发了警察-学术伙伴关系,并激发了加拿大的循证警务运动。我们的分析说明了我们的伙伴关系是如何受到新公共管理绩效链的影响的,这种新公共管理优先于对产出衡量的量化,而不是对影响的定性评估。我们认为,如果不加以审查,这些做法可能会危及循证实践和政策制定的完整性。在与警察合作以确保审查警察做法的影响时,必须保留学术自由。
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引用次数: 2
Specters of Goffman: Impression Management in the Irish Welfare Space 高夫曼的幽灵:爱尔兰福利空间的印象管理
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/1936724420983578
Joe Whelan
The Goffmanian thesis of stigma occurring as an aspect of “spoiled identity” has arguably provided the dominant theoretical understanding of social stigma over the past half century. Yet, there have also been strong critiques of Goffman’s thesis of stigma which range from concerns with the micro-personal nature of his work to question marks over the corpus of materials used by Goffman when originally theorizing stigma. Recent scholarly contributions have theorized a more structural understanding of the role and function of stigma and this, in turn, has arguably forced the question of whether or not Goffman’s thesis of stigma has now become redundant in terms of its application in the social sciences. This paper intends to explore this question by offering a juxtaposition of the theoretical and the empirical. To meet this task, the paper first engages in a theoretical discussion of the Goffmanian thesis of social stigma. Crucially, however, original research, conducted in Ireland, is also presented. This empirical material shows that, despite the very valid concerns with Goffman’s theory of stigma, much of his analysis with respect to impression management is borne out in lived experience. In doing so, aspects of the Goffmanian thesis of impression management as a response to the potential for stigma are affirmed thus demonstrating the continuing applicability of this theoretical strand. New understandings of impression management are also advanced.
戈夫曼关于耻辱作为“被宠坏的身份”的一个方面出现的论点,可以说在过去半个世纪中为社会耻辱提供了主导的理论理解。然而,对戈夫曼的病耻感理论也有强烈的批评,从对他的工作的微观个人性质的关注到对戈夫曼最初理论化病耻感时使用的材料语料的质疑。最近的学术贡献理论化了对耻辱感的作用和功能的更结构性的理解,这反过来又有争议地提出了一个问题,即戈夫曼的耻辱感理论在社会科学中的应用是否已经变得多余了。本文试图通过理论和实证的并置来探讨这个问题。为了完成这一任务,本文首先对社会耻辱的戈夫曼理论进行了理论讨论。然而,至关重要的是,在爱尔兰进行的原始研究也被提出。这一实证材料表明,尽管戈夫曼的耻辱感理论非常有效,但他关于印象管理的许多分析都是在生活经验中得到证实的。在这样做的过程中,戈夫曼的印象管理理论的各个方面作为对污名化的潜在反应得到了肯定,从而证明了这一理论链的持续适用性。对印象管理的新理解也被提出。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Journal of Applied Social Science
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