Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.441
Anil Chauhan, A. Verma, D. Sharma, Lalit R. Gupta, Dinesh Kumar, G. Sharma, A. Grover
Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading lifestyle-related chronic disease as its prevalence is expected to rise up to 24.0% in the world by 2025, which was only 6.3% in year 2003. Objective: To understand the high-altitude and low-altitude differentials for DM and diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence in a sub-Himalayan state of North India. Methods: The study was carried out in the Shahpur block of Kangra district (altitude 2,404 feet) and the Spiti block of Lahaul and Spiti district (altitude 12,500 feet) of Himachal Pradesh. Results: Among diabetics, the prevalence of DR was observed to be high (18.1%) in low landers and low (5.0%) in high landers. DM was more of a problem among low landers with a prevalence of 12.3% when compared to high landers (7.2%). Overall, the odd ratio of DR was twice as high (2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-2.3) among patients with an unsatisfactory level of HbA1c (>8.0%) adjusted for gender, age group, smoking status and hypertension. Conclusion: Differential did exist, as DM and DR were significantly lower in high-altitude areas when compared to low-altitude areas.
{"title":"Difference in prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among low-altitude dwellers vs. high-altitude dwellers in North India","authors":"Anil Chauhan, A. Verma, D. Sharma, Lalit R. Gupta, Dinesh Kumar, G. Sharma, A. Grover","doi":"10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.441","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading lifestyle-related chronic disease as its prevalence is expected to rise up to 24.0% in the world by 2025, which was only 6.3% in year 2003. \u0000Objective: To understand the high-altitude and low-altitude differentials for DM and diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence in a sub-Himalayan state of North India. \u0000Methods: The study was carried out in the Shahpur block of Kangra district (altitude 2,404 feet) and the Spiti block of Lahaul and Spiti district (altitude 12,500 feet) of Himachal Pradesh. \u0000Results: Among diabetics, the prevalence of DR was observed to be high (18.1%) in low landers and low (5.0%) in high landers. DM was more of a problem among low landers with a prevalence of 12.3% when compared to high landers (7.2%). Overall, the odd ratio of DR was twice as high (2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-2.3) among patients with an unsatisfactory level of HbA1c (>8.0%) adjusted for gender, age group, smoking status and hypertension. \u0000Conclusion: Differential did exist, as DM and DR were significantly lower in high-altitude areas when compared to low-altitude areas.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42330043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-15DOI: 10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.438
R. Sharma, M. Pandey, Vinod Sharma, K. Sharma, N. Chaudhary
Primary iris pigment epithelium cysts involve posterior surface of the iris and can occur at pupillary margin or anterior ciliary body. They may be stationary or progressive and sometimes regress spontaneously. These cyst can occasionally lead to angle-closure glaucoma, plateau iris syndrome and secondary pigment dispersion syndrome. A steadily growing cyst may disturb the vision by covering the visual axis and provoke an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) or even inflammation if it touches the corneal endothelium. There are multiple management options in complicated situations. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl with unusual complaints of hemeralopia and dark-brown discolouration of pupils in both eyes. On examination, she had multiple pigment epithelial iris cysts at the pupillary margins, which were punctured with Nd:Yag laser, and the response was improvement in vision and hemeralopia without any pigment dispersion or IOP changes.
{"title":"Laser puncture of symptomatic primary iris pigment epithelial cyst causing hemeralopia: a rare case","authors":"R. Sharma, M. Pandey, Vinod Sharma, K. Sharma, N. Chaudhary","doi":"10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.438","url":null,"abstract":"Primary iris pigment epithelium cysts involve posterior surface of the iris and can occur at pupillary margin or anterior ciliary body. They may be stationary or progressive and sometimes regress spontaneously. These cyst can occasionally lead to angle-closure glaucoma, plateau iris syndrome and secondary pigment dispersion syndrome. A steadily growing cyst may disturb the vision by covering the visual axis and provoke an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) or even inflammation if it touches the corneal endothelium. There are multiple management options in complicated situations. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl with unusual complaints of hemeralopia and dark-brown discolouration of pupils in both eyes. On examination, she had multiple pigment epithelial iris cysts at the pupillary margins, which were punctured with Nd:Yag laser, and the response was improvement in vision and hemeralopia without any pigment dispersion or IOP changes.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45335183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.497
Narasimha Vasista Reddy, Y. Kamath, L. Rao, Krishna A. Rao, S. Shenoy, S. Bhandary
Background: The proportion of diabetic patients having vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy and those needing to undergo vitrectomy was documented. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka, South India. All patients with diabetes mellitus visiting the ophthalmology department in the study period were screened for retinopathy, and the data regarding the presence of maculopathy and proliferative retinopathy were included as vision-threatening retinopathy. Results: Of the 1,435 diabetic patients included, 38.4% had retinopathy changes due to diabetes, with 8.71% having vision-threatening retinopathy and 1.81% needing vitrectomy. Conclusion: Although the proportion of vision-threatening retinopathy is small, the rapidly increasing diabetic population requires the setting up of more resources for tackling this condition, at least at the tertiary levels of the health-care system. However, considering the increased human and economic resources involved in setting up vitrectomy units, more emphasis on strengthening screening programs for early detection and referral to reduce the progression of retinopathy to advanced stages would be appropriate.
{"title":"Vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy necessitating vitrectomy in a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka, South India","authors":"Narasimha Vasista Reddy, Y. Kamath, L. Rao, Krishna A. Rao, S. Shenoy, S. Bhandary","doi":"10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/ASJOO.V17I1.497","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The proportion of diabetic patients having vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy and those needing to undergo vitrectomy was documented. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka, South India. All patients with diabetes mellitus visiting the ophthalmology department in the study period were screened for retinopathy, and the data regarding the presence of maculopathy and proliferative retinopathy were included as vision-threatening retinopathy. Results: Of the 1,435 diabetic patients included, 38.4% had retinopathy changes due to diabetes, with 8.71% having vision-threatening retinopathy and 1.81% needing vitrectomy. Conclusion: Although the proportion of vision-threatening retinopathy is small, the rapidly increasing diabetic population requires the setting up of more resources for tackling this condition, at least at the tertiary levels of the health-care system. However, considering the increased human and economic resources involved in setting up vitrectomy units, more emphasis on strengthening screening programs for early detection and referral to reduce the progression of retinopathy to advanced stages would be appropriate.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69888288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-23DOI: 10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.357
Mridula Jacob, H. Pai
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a very rare and highly aggressive variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is usually seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected individuals. Very few cases of PBL are reported in the orbit till date. Morphologically and immunologically, it can mimic plasma cell myeloma. It is highly fatal and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the treating clinician. This scenario makes reporting of such rare tumors more relevant. We report a rare case of PBL of the orbit in a 49-year-old HIV-positive lady who presented with acute onset of painful proptosis and loss of vision in her left eye.
{"title":"Extraocular muscle enlargement: rare presentation of plasmablastic lymphoma","authors":"Mridula Jacob, H. Pai","doi":"10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.357","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a very rare and highly aggressive variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is usually seen in the oral cavity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected individuals. Very few cases of PBL are reported in the orbit till date. Morphologically and immunologically, it can mimic plasma cell myeloma. It is highly fatal and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the treating clinician. This scenario makes reporting of such rare tumors more relevant. We report a rare case of PBL of the orbit in a 49-year-old HIV-positive lady who presented with acute onset of painful proptosis and loss of vision in her left eye.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"293-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41352267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-23DOI: 10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.434
J. Hanhart, Rozenman Yaacov
Purpose: To compare enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and non-EDI swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in their ability to capture the suprachoroidal space (SCS). Materials and methods: Twenty volunteers with a minimum age of 18 years without any ocular pathology and refractive error below A} 2 diopters underwent SS-OCT foveal scanning, with and without EDI. Masked averaged B-scan lines were analyzed for presence of the SCS. When the SCS was seen, the percentage of the scan on which this structure could be unequivocally observed was measured. Scores obtained from the images taken with or without EDI were then compared. Results: Thirty-seven eyes were analysed, since three eyes of three different patients were eliminated, as the outer border of the choroid was insufficiently delineated with both modalities. The SCS was not detected at all on 14 pictures (37.8%) obtained by non-EDI SS-OCT and 9 pictures (24.3%) obtained by EDI SS-OCT. When the SCS was detected with both modalities, it was observable on 27.2+/-24.2% of the scan without EDI and 40.4+/-30.3 of the scan with EDI (p < .001) Conclusions: EDI SS-OCT enables a more frequent and extensive visualization of the suprachoroidal space than non-EDI SS-OCT. This new approach could be considered as the most accurate modality to currently visualize the SCS in vivo.
{"title":"Optimized imaging of the suprachoroidal space with swept-source OCT","authors":"J. Hanhart, Rozenman Yaacov","doi":"10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.434","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and non-EDI swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in their ability to capture the suprachoroidal space (SCS). \u0000Materials and methods: Twenty volunteers with a minimum age of 18 years without any ocular pathology and refractive error below A} 2 diopters underwent SS-OCT foveal scanning, with and without EDI. Masked averaged B-scan lines were analyzed for presence of the SCS. When the SCS was seen, the percentage of the scan on which this structure could be unequivocally observed was measured. Scores obtained from the images taken with or without EDI were then compared. \u0000Results: Thirty-seven eyes were analysed, since three eyes of three different patients were eliminated, as the outer border of the choroid was insufficiently delineated with both modalities. The SCS was not detected at all on 14 pictures (37.8%) obtained by non-EDI SS-OCT and 9 pictures (24.3%) obtained by EDI SS-OCT. When the SCS was detected with both modalities, it was observable on 27.2+/-24.2% of the scan without EDI and 40.4+/-30.3 of the scan with EDI (p < .001) \u0000Conclusions: EDI SS-OCT enables a more frequent and extensive visualization of the suprachoroidal space than non-EDI SS-OCT. This new approach could be considered as the most accurate modality to currently visualize the SCS in vivo.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"323-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45953156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-23DOI: 10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.391
S. Ahmad
Aim or purpose: To present a modified technique of trabeculectomy. Design: Ahmad’s modified trabeculectomy technique aims to utilize subtle modifications to the classical trabeculectomy technique in order to achieve a better filtering bleb leading to lesser complications. Methods: Retrospective interventional case series. Results: Thirty-four patients underwent this surgery. There was a significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative median intraocular pressure (IOP; z = 3.928; p < 0.001). The postoperative IOP (median = 12) was significantly lower than the preoperative IOP (median = 28; interquartile range = 9). Conclusion: This modification can prove to be an effective method to reduce IOP with minimal complications.
{"title":"Ahmad’s modified trabeculectomy technique","authors":"S. Ahmad","doi":"10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.391","url":null,"abstract":"Aim or purpose: To present a modified technique of trabeculectomy. \u0000Design: Ahmad’s modified trabeculectomy technique aims to utilize subtle modifications to the classical trabeculectomy technique in order to achieve a better filtering bleb leading to lesser complications. \u0000Methods: Retrospective interventional case series. \u0000Results: Thirty-four patients underwent this surgery. There was a significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative median intraocular pressure (IOP; z = 3.928; p < 0.001). The postoperative IOP (median = 12) was significantly lower than the preoperative IOP (median = 28; interquartile range = 9). \u0000Conclusion: This modification can prove to be an effective method to reduce IOP with minimal complications.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-23DOI: 10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.398
Vipul Bhandari, S. Ganesh, Sneha Thapliyal
The technique of autograft employs the use of a clear corneal graft from an otherwise blind eye that is transplanted to the fellow eye, which has a visual potential in the same patient. A patient with advanced glaucoma in both eyes presented to us with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with Ahmed glaucoma valve in the right eye, and cataract and patent peripheral iridotomy with no perception of light in the left eye. The autograft and allograft corneas for bilateral penetrating keratoplasty (PK) were obtained from the contralateral eye and a cadaver eye, respectively. Central corneal button was used for PK. One year after the surgery, the graft host junction was well apposed with no vascularization, corneal surface was clear, sutures were intact, and best corrected visual acuity improved in right eye to 1 logMAR. Bilateral simultaneous PK with autograft in one eye and allograft in the other was done to decrease the chances of rejection.
{"title":"A peculiar case of corneal autograft in a patient with bilateral advanced glaucoma","authors":"Vipul Bhandari, S. Ganesh, Sneha Thapliyal","doi":"10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.398","url":null,"abstract":"The technique of autograft employs the use of a clear corneal graft from an otherwise blind eye that is transplanted to the fellow eye, which has a visual potential in the same patient. A patient with advanced glaucoma in both eyes presented to us with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with Ahmed glaucoma valve in the right eye, and cataract and patent peripheral iridotomy with no perception of light in the left eye. The autograft and allograft corneas for bilateral penetrating keratoplasty (PK) were obtained from the contralateral eye and a cadaver eye, respectively. Central corneal button was used for PK. One year after the surgery, the graft host junction was well apposed with no vascularization, corneal surface was clear, sutures were intact, and best corrected visual acuity improved in right eye to 1 logMAR. Bilateral simultaneous PK with autograft in one eye and allograft in the other was done to decrease the chances of rejection.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"302-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44865082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-23DOI: 10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.396
T. Heng, K. Ling, H. Ali
We report two cases of spontaneous closure of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The first was in a patient with relieved traction from tractional macular detachment with spontaneous closure after diagnosis at 16 months. The second case is FTMH that developed after vitrectomy from rhegmatogenous retina detachment with spontaneous closure after diagnosis at 9 months. Spontaneous closure of FTMH is rare and the main treatment is vitrectomy.
{"title":"Two cases of spontaneous closure of full-thickness macular hole","authors":"T. Heng, K. Ling, H. Ali","doi":"10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.396","url":null,"abstract":"We report two cases of spontaneous closure of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The first was in a patient with relieved traction from tractional macular detachment with spontaneous closure after diagnosis at 16 months. The second case is FTMH that developed after vitrectomy from rhegmatogenous retina detachment with spontaneous closure after diagnosis at 9 months. Spontaneous closure of FTMH is rare and the main treatment is vitrectomy.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"298-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-23DOI: 10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.409
Mee Ai Loh, M. Chong, Umi Kalthum Mn, H. Ker
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of fundus and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and the spectrum of dengue-related fundus presentation in a Malaysian tertiary hospital. The associations between platelet count and haematocrit level with fundus and macular OCT findings were also investigated. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted at Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, from June to August 2015. Patients who consented to participate underwent a comprehensive ocular examination. Examination included a best-corrected distance (6 m) and near visual acuities, standard black-on-white Amsler chart testing, pupillary light reflex, fundus examination, followed by dilated fundus photographs and OCT of the macula. Results: A total of 134 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of positive fundus finding and macular OCT finding was 35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%, 43%) and 13% (95% CI: 8%, 19%), respectively; 62 eyes of 47 patients had positive fundus findings, whereas 30 eyes of 18 patients had positive macular OCT findings. Scotoma (p < 0.001), near vision disturbance (p = 0.04), and abnormal Amsler findings (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with presence of macular OCT findings compared to absence of macular OCT findings. In the total of 268 eyes, the two most common fundus findings were vessel tortuosity (53 [20%]) and yellow subretinal dot (28 [10%]). Out of 30 eyes, diffuse retinal thickening was the most frequent OCT finding (22 [73%]), followed by 4 (13%) with foveolitis, 3 (10%) with cystoid macular oedema and 1 (3%) with submacular fluid. Platelet count and haematocrit were not associated with abnormal fundus or macular OCT manifestation in patients suffering from dengue fever. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalence of clinical fundus and macular OCT findings among dengue inpatients was higher when compared to other countries, especially during dengue outbreaks. Furthermore, the spectrum of fundus and macular OCT findings in our population can be varied.
{"title":"Prevalence of dengue-related fundus and macular optical coherence tomography findings among inpatients in a regional referral hospital","authors":"Mee Ai Loh, M. Chong, Umi Kalthum Mn, H. Ker","doi":"10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.409","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of fundus and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and the spectrum of dengue-related fundus presentation in a Malaysian tertiary hospital. The associations between platelet count and haematocrit level with fundus and macular OCT findings were also investigated. \u0000Design: Cross-sectional study. \u0000Methods: The study was conducted at Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, from June to August 2015. Patients who consented to participate underwent a comprehensive ocular examination. Examination included a best-corrected distance (6 m) and near visual acuities, standard black-on-white Amsler chart testing, pupillary light reflex, fundus examination, followed by dilated fundus photographs and OCT of the macula. \u0000Results: A total of 134 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of positive fundus finding and macular OCT finding was 35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%, 43%) and 13% (95% CI: 8%, 19%), respectively; 62 eyes of 47 patients had positive fundus findings, whereas 30 eyes of 18 patients had positive macular OCT findings. Scotoma (p < 0.001), near vision disturbance (p = 0.04), and abnormal Amsler findings (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with presence of macular OCT findings compared to absence of macular OCT findings. In the total of 268 eyes, the two most common fundus findings were vessel tortuosity (53 [20%]) and yellow subretinal dot (28 [10%]). Out of 30 eyes, diffuse retinal thickening was the most frequent OCT finding (22 [73%]), followed by 4 (13%) with foveolitis, 3 (10%) with cystoid macular oedema and 1 (3%) with submacular fluid. Platelet count and haematocrit were not associated with abnormal fundus or macular OCT manifestation in patients suffering from dengue fever. \u0000Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalence of clinical fundus and macular OCT findings among dengue inpatients was higher when compared to other countries, especially during dengue outbreaks. Furthermore, the spectrum of fundus and macular OCT findings in our population can be varied.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"268-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49184579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-23DOI: 10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.407
S. Ambekar, Dhiraj Badale, D. Kadam, S. Salvi
Purpose: We conducted the study to observe the change in infection patterns with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and correlation of CD4 count with various ocular manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: This was a prospective observational cohort study. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute with established antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. A total of 240 eyes of 120 ART-naive patients were enrolled. Ocular manifestations of these patients were observed and followed up for six months for any change with HAART. Results: Out of 240 eyes, 24 showed ocular involvement (10%), of which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microangiopathy and molluscum contagiosum were most common. Out of the four cases of HIV microangiopathy, two cases demonstrated complete resolution after six months of ART. Only one of three cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis showed healing after six months of ART. Conclusions: Vision-threatening CMV retinitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus can improve if specific treatment is initiated promptly. There is direct correlation between CD4 count, ocular manifestation, and prognosis of the patients; 33.33% of patients showed improvement in ophthalmic manifestations after HAART during a follow-up period of 6 months.
{"title":"Comparative study of ocular manifestations of HIV infection at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India","authors":"S. Ambekar, Dhiraj Badale, D. Kadam, S. Salvi","doi":"10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35119/asjoo.v16i4.407","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We conducted the study to observe the change in infection patterns with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and correlation of CD4 count with various ocular manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). \u0000Design: This was a prospective observational cohort study. \u0000Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute with established antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. A total of 240 eyes of 120 ART-naive patients were enrolled. Ocular manifestations of these patients were observed and followed up for six months for any change with HAART. \u0000Results: Out of 240 eyes, 24 showed ocular involvement (10%), of which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microangiopathy and molluscum contagiosum were most common. Out of the four cases of HIV microangiopathy, two cases demonstrated complete resolution after six months of ART. Only one of three cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis showed healing after six months of ART. \u0000Conclusions: Vision-threatening CMV retinitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus can improve if specific treatment is initiated promptly. There is direct correlation between CD4 count, ocular manifestation, and prognosis of the patients; 33.33% of patients showed improvement in ophthalmic manifestations after HAART during a follow-up period of 6 months.","PeriodicalId":39864,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"260-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48325054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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