Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14674
Norhafizah Ahmad, Nurita Juhdi, R. Fontaine
Attracting and retaining academic administrators are quite hard in most universities, due to the fact that, having an administrative position is considered as burdensome for most academicians. This study investigated the effect of emotional exhaustion on job involvement among academic administrators in Malaysian universities. A total of 190 academic administrators from both public and private universities in Malaysia participated in this study. Data analysis revealed a moderately high level of emotional exhaustion experienced by the academic administrators and average level of job involvement. In addition to that, this study also found a significant inverse relationship between emotional exhaustion and job involvement. Knowledge gained from this study could contribute to empower university management to better comprehend the impact of emotional exhaustion on the well-being as well as performance of the employees, specifically academic administrators.
{"title":"The Effect of Emotional Exhaustion on Job Involvement among Academic Administrators in Malaysia","authors":"Norhafizah Ahmad, Nurita Juhdi, R. Fontaine","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14674","url":null,"abstract":"Attracting and retaining academic administrators are quite hard in most universities, due to the fact that, having an administrative position is considered as burdensome for most academicians. This study investigated the effect of emotional exhaustion on job involvement among academic administrators in Malaysian universities. A total of 190 academic administrators from both public and private universities in Malaysia participated in this study. Data analysis revealed a moderately high level of emotional exhaustion experienced by the academic administrators and average level of job involvement. In addition to that, this study also found a significant inverse relationship between emotional exhaustion and job involvement. Knowledge gained from this study could contribute to empower university management to better comprehend the impact of emotional exhaustion on the well-being as well as performance of the employees, specifically academic administrators.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133198288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14770
S. Amirul, Sharija Che Shaari
This study aims to provide an overview of the field of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) study in the last two decades, starting from the year 2000 until the year 2020. We utilised secondary data from the Proquest database to succinctly review the progress of FWAs studies. In reviewing our corpus of data, we developed a systematic scanning and clustering review (SSCR) to summarise the extent to which the FWAs studies have been conducted or available in the existing literature. SSCR is a relatively new rapid method for locating specific information in a wide-range and lengthy literature selection and then clustering the information based on inherent similarity. We overviewed the FWAs literature by using SSCR to address and understand the current state in FWAs studies and identify the existing FWAs research gap, which has not been adequately studied. We also provide insights on the most focused scopes and clusters within the field of FWAs. This review helps to identify current gaps and needed research in FWAs. Besides, we also present our discussion that recapitulates our findings and deliberately highlights our review related to FWA.
{"title":"An Overview: Twenty Years of Flexible Working Arrangements","authors":"S. Amirul, Sharija Che Shaari","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14770","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to provide an overview of the field of flexible working arrangements (FWAs) study in the last two decades, starting from the year 2000 until the year 2020. We utilised secondary data from the Proquest database to succinctly review the progress of FWAs studies. In reviewing our corpus of data, we developed a systematic scanning and clustering review (SSCR) to summarise the extent to which the FWAs studies have been conducted or available in the existing literature. SSCR is a relatively new rapid method for locating specific information in a wide-range and lengthy literature selection and then clustering the information based on inherent similarity. We overviewed the FWAs literature by using SSCR to address and understand the current state in FWAs studies and identify the existing FWAs research gap, which has not been adequately studied. We also provide insights on the most focused scopes and clusters within the field of FWAs. This review helps to identify current gaps and needed research in FWAs. Besides, we also present our discussion that recapitulates our findings and deliberately highlights our review related to FWA.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132792398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14733
Siti Haizam Mohd Zin, Mohammad Nazri
Extensive research on the relationship between employees' use of English in the workplace and their job performance has revealed that the use of English at work leads to increased job performance and positive interactions among staff. In relation to this, a good command of English among military staff, especially officers, is of great importance to the Armed Forces, as military personnel often serve abroad and need to be proficient in communicating their instructions and orders to a foreign team. Previous research has also shown that self-efficacy is a significant predictor of job performance; however, the role of self-efficacy in learning English language skills has not been widely explored as mediator in the relationship between motivation to learn, intention to share knowledge, and job performance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that can be used to improve the understanding of English self-efficacy and its relationship with employees’ motivation to learn, intention to share knowledge, and capability to complete a given task. This framework informs and guides future research that will test the hypothesized relationships. The findings would assist the English Department of the Education Directorate of the Malaysian Armed Forces to design or revise military training syllabi and approaches.
{"title":"The Mediating Effect of English Self-efficacy on the Relationships between Motivation to Learn, Intention to Share Knowledge, and Job Performance Among Military Personnel","authors":"Siti Haizam Mohd Zin, Mohammad Nazri","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14733","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive research on the relationship between employees' use of English in the workplace and their job performance has revealed that the use of English at work leads to increased job performance and positive interactions among staff. In relation to this, a good command of English among military staff, especially officers, is of great importance to the Armed Forces, as military personnel often serve abroad and need to be proficient in communicating their instructions and orders to a foreign team. Previous research has also shown that self-efficacy is a significant predictor of job performance; however, the role of self-efficacy in learning English language skills has not been widely explored as mediator in the relationship between motivation to learn, intention to share knowledge, and job performance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that can be used to improve the understanding of English self-efficacy and its relationship with employees’ motivation to learn, intention to share knowledge, and capability to complete a given task. This framework informs and guides future research that will test the hypothesized relationships. The findings would assist the English Department of the Education Directorate of the Malaysian Armed Forces to design or revise military training syllabi and approaches.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130529744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14762
Mohd Nazri Mohd Noor, Azlina Abdul Aziz, Yanty Roslinda Harun, Norsiah Aminudin, Zulaikha Zakariah
This study aims to examine prospective learners’ perceptions toward effective market segmentation strategies for Open Distance Learning (ODL) advertisements. A descriptive study was conducted to assess preferences based on the generational cohort. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain meaningful data from 282 potential learners in Malaysia. The potential learners were working adults based on generational cohorts, namely, Gen Z, Gen Y, Gen X and Baby Boomers. The study was conducted from October to December 2020. Based on the analysis, Substantiality and Accessibility between ODL institutions and the market were viewed by the majority of the respondents as more effective than Responsiveness and Identifiability. However, the standardised path coefficient shows that all variables are significant predictors of the effective market segmentation. Therefore, it is noteworthy to develop creative marketing strategies to attract the attention of a wider audience. The insights obtained can potentially assist ODL institutions to better understand the characteristics of effective market segmentation. The study adds to the existing marketing literature and has strong implications in both academic and ODL institutions, particularly regarding the aspect of prospective learners’ opinions pertaining to effective market segmentation.
{"title":"Effective Market Segmentation for Open Distance Learning Institutions’ Marketing Strategy","authors":"Mohd Nazri Mohd Noor, Azlina Abdul Aziz, Yanty Roslinda Harun, Norsiah Aminudin, Zulaikha Zakariah","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14762","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine prospective learners’ perceptions toward effective market segmentation strategies for Open Distance Learning (ODL) advertisements. A descriptive study was conducted to assess preferences based on the generational cohort. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain meaningful data from 282 potential learners in Malaysia. The potential learners were working adults based on generational cohorts, namely, Gen Z, Gen Y, Gen X and Baby Boomers. The study was conducted from October to December 2020. Based on the analysis, Substantiality and Accessibility between ODL institutions and the market were viewed by the majority of the respondents as more effective than Responsiveness and Identifiability. However, the standardised path coefficient shows that all variables are significant predictors of the effective market segmentation. Therefore, it is noteworthy to develop creative marketing strategies to attract the attention of a wider audience. The insights obtained can potentially assist ODL institutions to better understand the characteristics of effective market segmentation. The study adds to the existing marketing literature and has strong implications in both academic and ODL institutions, particularly regarding the aspect of prospective learners’ opinions pertaining to effective market segmentation.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114469098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14993
F. Mashahadi, Syed Ashrene Syed Omar, R. Mahmod
Moving towards a developed nation in 2050, government is committed to boost up the wellbeing and income of low-income earners (B40) household towards middle class society. Considering SMEs instrumental roles in creating prosperity for the nation, variety of programs have been established in promoting entrepreneurial activity to address pockets of poverty and socio-economic imbalances among B40 group. Therefore, study related to B40 entrepreneurial intention is worth further examination. Following the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study examines the extent to which attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predict entrepreneurial intention among B40 in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was done using the sample of B40. The hypotheses were analysed by using partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The result suggests that only attitude and perceived behavioural control were significant to explain B40 entrepreneurial intention yet subjective norm was found as a non-significant predictor in explaining B40 entrepreneurial intention. The paper extends the current knowledge on entrepreneurial intention by analyzing the impact of different factors recognized by TPB on entrepreneurial intention and provide insightful input from the context of B40 in Malaysia.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Intention from the Context of B40 Strata","authors":"F. Mashahadi, Syed Ashrene Syed Omar, R. Mahmod","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14993","url":null,"abstract":"Moving towards a developed nation in 2050, government is committed to boost up the wellbeing and income of low-income earners (B40) household towards middle class society. Considering SMEs instrumental roles in creating prosperity for the nation, variety of programs have been established in promoting entrepreneurial activity to address pockets of poverty and socio-economic imbalances among B40 group. Therefore, study related to B40 entrepreneurial intention is worth further examination. Following the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study examines the extent to which attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predict entrepreneurial intention among B40 in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was done using the sample of B40. The hypotheses were analysed by using partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The result suggests that only attitude and perceived behavioural control were significant to explain B40 entrepreneurial intention yet subjective norm was found as a non-significant predictor in explaining B40 entrepreneurial intention. The paper extends the current knowledge on entrepreneurial intention by analyzing the impact of different factors recognized by TPB on entrepreneurial intention and provide insightful input from the context of B40 in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114183947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.12068
M. Mahdzar
Purchasing products and services via online is an important way of doing business for many tourism and hospitality intermediaries and travel operators. This study aims to examine the relationship linking students perspective of cognitive factors and their intentions to purchase online airline e-ticket from online travel agencies. Using convenience sampling, a total of 302 survey questionnaires were distributed to hospitality and tourism students in UiTM via google form. 245 responses were received and used for data analysis. Regression results revealed that two cognitive factors have significant relationships with students intentions to purchase airline e-ticket online. These include perceived risks and web security. Of these two attributes, web security have the most significant impact on students intentions to purchase airline e-ticket online. The study provides insights to online travel operators on the factors to concentrate in improving their services to customers as well as assist them in boosting their sales in the future and to achieve customer loyalty.
{"title":"Airline E-ticket Online Purchase Intention Among University Student","authors":"M. Mahdzar","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.12068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.12068","url":null,"abstract":"Purchasing products and services via online is an important way of doing business for many tourism and hospitality intermediaries and travel operators. This study aims to examine the relationship linking students perspective of cognitive factors and their intentions to purchase online airline e-ticket from online travel agencies. Using convenience sampling, a total of 302 survey questionnaires were distributed to hospitality and tourism students in UiTM via google form. 245 responses were received and used for data analysis. Regression results revealed that two cognitive factors have significant relationships with students intentions to purchase airline e-ticket online. These include perceived risks and web security. Of these two attributes, web security have the most significant impact on students intentions to purchase airline e-ticket online. The study provides insights to online travel operators on the factors to concentrate in improving their services to customers as well as assist them in boosting their sales in the future and to achieve customer loyalty.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125594446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.12070
Siti Maziah Ab Rahman, Mariam Setapa, Iman Nur Amirah Rusli, Muhsin Nor Paizin, Mohd Hafeez Al-Amin Abdul Wahab
Zakat is one of the five pillars of the Islamic faith, which is an obligatory form of "charity", and every Muslim is expected to contribute. The use of zakat is not only to purify property but to purify the hearts of zakat payers from selfishness and wealth greed. Although it is part of Muslims obligation to pay zakat, the amount collected recorded is still lower and not optimal. The issue on zakat business payment is not often debated particularly on how to increase the number of business zakat payer. This is because zakat on wealth is more than total zakat on the business. Malaysian zakat institution still faces several obstacles to increase the collection of business zakat. Most of the previous studies on this issue they do not explain more detail about the factor of knowledge of payers on business zakat payment and also the role of zakat institution. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify corporate responsibility and motivating corporate zakat payment. This research also used the Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory. For this study, data were collected using in-depth interviews as a method of collecting data which is a qualitative method. The reason influenced corporate responsibility and motivating corporate zakat payment are "level of knowledge", and "leadership of zakat institution". The case study is using Hotel Perdana Kota Bharu.
天课是伊斯兰信仰的五大支柱之一，是一种强制性的“慈善”形式，每个穆斯林都被期望做出贡献。使用天课不仅是为了净化财产，也是为了净化缴纳天课者的自私和贪财的心。虽然支付天课是穆斯林义务的一部分，但所收取的金额仍然较低，并不理想。关于天课商业支付的问题很少被讨论，特别是关于如何增加商业天课支付者的数量。这是因为关于财富的天课比关于商业的天课要多。马来西亚的天课机构在增加商业天课的收集方面仍然面临着一些障碍。以往关于这一问题的研究大多没有详细说明企业天课支付中支付者的知识因素以及天课制度的作用。因此，本研究的目的是确定企业责任和激励企业支付天课。本研究还运用了资源基础观(RBV)理论。在本研究中，采用深度访谈作为收集数据的方法，这是一种定性方法。影响企业责任和激励企业支付天课的原因是“知识水平”和“天课机构的领导”。案例研究使用的是Perdana Kota Bharu酒店。
{"title":"Corporate Responsibility And Motivating Corporate Zakat Payment","authors":"Siti Maziah Ab Rahman, Mariam Setapa, Iman Nur Amirah Rusli, Muhsin Nor Paizin, Mohd Hafeez Al-Amin Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.12070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.12070","url":null,"abstract":"Zakat is one of the five pillars of the Islamic faith, which is an obligatory form of \"charity\", and every Muslim is expected to contribute. The use of zakat is not only to purify property but to purify the hearts of zakat payers from selfishness and wealth greed. Although it is part of Muslims obligation to pay zakat, the amount collected recorded is still lower and not optimal. The issue on zakat business payment is not often debated particularly on how to increase the number of business zakat payer. This is because zakat on wealth is more than total zakat on the business. Malaysian zakat institution still faces several obstacles to increase the collection of business zakat. Most of the previous studies on this issue they do not explain more detail about the factor of knowledge of payers on business zakat payment and also the role of zakat institution. Hence, the purpose of this research is to identify corporate responsibility and motivating corporate zakat payment. This research also used the Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory. For this study, data were collected using in-depth interviews as a method of collecting data which is a qualitative method. The reason influenced corporate responsibility and motivating corporate zakat payment are \"level of knowledge\", and \"leadership of zakat institution\". The case study is using Hotel Perdana Kota Bharu.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115700992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.13317
Peter Sin-Howe Tan, Yuen-Onn Choong, I-Chi Chen
There is a lack of attention from past studies on the role of antecedents in the private higher education in Malaysia. Thus, this paper aim to examine the roles of reliable information and past experience on student’s perceived service quality and satisfaction among the undergraduate students of private universities in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was adopted and collected 388 valid data from the 9 private universities in Malaysia. The SERVPERF instrument was adopted to evaluate the perceived service quality among the undergraduate students. The PLS-SEM was applied to analyze the students’ responses in determining the role of antecedents in improving student satisfaction by providing quality tertiary education in the private universities. The findings depicted that reliable information is significantly related with student perceived service quality. However, there is no relationships between past experience and student perceived service quality. Student perceived service quality is found significantly related to student satisfaction. This paper provides a valuable contribution in the body of knowledge of the antecedent and consequence of perceived service quality. The findings of the study help the management of the universities to improve the student satisfaction through the focus on the role of antecedents, particularly reliable information. Several implications are offered which would benefits Malaysia private universities and Ministry of Higher Education.
{"title":"Antecedents of Student Satisfaction: The Role of Student Perceived Service Quality","authors":"Peter Sin-Howe Tan, Yuen-Onn Choong, I-Chi Chen","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.13317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.13317","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lack of attention from past studies on the role of antecedents in the private higher education in Malaysia. Thus, this paper aim to examine the roles of reliable information and past experience on student’s perceived service quality and satisfaction among the undergraduate students of private universities in Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was adopted and collected 388 valid data from the 9 private universities in Malaysia. The SERVPERF instrument was adopted to evaluate the perceived service quality among the undergraduate students. The PLS-SEM was applied to analyze the students’ responses in determining the role of antecedents in improving student satisfaction by providing quality tertiary education in the private universities. The findings depicted that reliable information is significantly related with student perceived service quality. However, there is no relationships between past experience and student perceived service quality. Student perceived service quality is found significantly related to student satisfaction. This paper provides a valuable contribution in the body of knowledge of the antecedent and consequence of perceived service quality. The findings of the study help the management of the universities to improve the student satisfaction through the focus on the role of antecedents, particularly reliable information. Several implications are offered which would benefits Malaysia private universities and Ministry of Higher Education.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123831274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.13340
Noormahayu Binti Mohd Nasir, Zarul Azhar Nasir, Norasyikin Abdullah Fahami, Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusairee, Khalijah Ramli
This study aims to analyse the relationships between income level, education expenditure, inflation, and ageing population towards health expenditure in Malaysia over the period of 1997 until 2017. This study employs Autoregressive Distributed-Lag (ARDL) Bound test in determining the long-run empirical relationships between all independent variables and healthcare expenditures in Malaysia. The findings show the existence of long run cointegration between healthcare expenditure inflation, income level, and the government’s education expenditure. The results confirmed that all independent variables have positive long run relationships, except the ageing population that displays a negative relationship in influencing healthcare expenditure in Malaysia. The regression result of GDPP shows income elasticity value of 0.690, reflecting the necessity of healthcare expenditure. The outcome of the paper hopes to provide insights on the importance of healthcare expenditure for the development of this country, especially on its economic fronts.
{"title":"Malaysia’s Healthcare Expenditure: ARDL Bound Test","authors":"Noormahayu Binti Mohd Nasir, Zarul Azhar Nasir, Norasyikin Abdullah Fahami, Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusairee, Khalijah Ramli","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.13340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.13340","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the relationships between income level, education expenditure, inflation, and ageing population towards health expenditure in Malaysia over the period of 1997 until 2017. This study employs Autoregressive Distributed-Lag (ARDL) Bound test in determining the long-run empirical relationships between all independent variables and healthcare expenditures in Malaysia. The findings show the existence of long run cointegration between healthcare expenditure inflation, income level, and the government’s education expenditure. The results confirmed that all independent variables have positive long run relationships, except the ageing population that displays a negative relationship in influencing healthcare expenditure in Malaysia. The regression result of GDPP shows income elasticity value of 0.690, reflecting the necessity of healthcare expenditure. The outcome of the paper hopes to provide insights on the importance of healthcare expenditure for the development of this country, especially on its economic fronts.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123970633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14452
Nor Tasik Misba, A. H. Mohd Noor
Every country has a unique educational system to offer its citizens. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education are responsible for overseeing education in Malaysia. Since Malaysia is an Islamic country, the majority of religious education in the country is centered on Islam. In Malaysia, on the other hand, Tahfiz education is the most widely practiced. In contrast to Thailand, Thai Buddhist temples have surpassed all other institutions of learning as the primary source of religious instruction for the vast majority of the populace. Both religious education in these countries has developed in recent years, becoming more systematic and gaining in popularity. Hence, this article will review the religious education practices in Malaysia as well as Thailand.
{"title":"A Review of Religious Education in Malaysia and Thailand","authors":"Nor Tasik Misba, A. H. Mohd Noor","doi":"10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v7i2.14452","url":null,"abstract":"Every country has a unique educational system to offer its citizens. The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education are responsible for overseeing education in Malaysia. Since Malaysia is an Islamic country, the majority of religious education in the country is centered on Islam. In Malaysia, on the other hand, Tahfiz education is the most widely practiced. In contrast to Thailand, Thai Buddhist temples have surpassed all other institutions of learning as the primary source of religious instruction for the vast majority of the populace. Both religious education in these countries has developed in recent years, becoming more systematic and gaining in popularity. Hence, this article will review the religious education practices in Malaysia as well as Thailand.","PeriodicalId":398893,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123763594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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