Thilageswary Chellapan, Norlaila Mat Daud, Sumithira Narayanasamy
Introduction: The frequency and the trend of smartphone use increase rapidly, and 85% of Malaysians owns a smartphone and spend an average of 187 minutes per day to use the smartphone. Aims: To evaluate the potential effects of smartphone use on Accommodation and Vergence of the users. Methods: A total of 18 articles were selected in this review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the research question was formulated based on the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) method. This review was registered with PROSPERO (reference number: CRD42022293325). Data Sources: Databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Science-Direct were used in the article search using appropriate keywords, phrases, and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. The inclusion criteria of this review were journal articles published from January 2010 until December 2021 with full articles or abstract in English available. Results: Accommodative function has been reported to changed significantly with 20 minutes of smartphone use, with reduced amplitude, facility, relative and increased lag. In addition, vergence function has been reported to be altered significantly with receded near point of convergence. Conclusion: Smartphone use has an effect on the accommodation and vergence parameters among adults. Assessments of accommodation and vergence parameters need to be conducted in patients with the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome to prevent vision problems. Future reviews are required in younger cohorts with various smartphone features.
导读:智能手机的使用频率和趋势迅速增加，85%的马来西亚人拥有智能手机，平均每天使用智能手机的时间为187分钟。目的:评估智能手机使用对用户适应和融合的潜在影响。方法:本综述按照系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目(PRISMA)指南，共选择18篇文章，并根据人群、干预、对照和结果(PICO)方法制定研究问题。本综述已在PROSPERO注册(参考编号:CRD42022293325)。数据来源:在文章搜索中使用了PubMed、Web of Science和Science- direct数据库，使用了适当的关键词、短语和医学主题标题(MeSH)术语。本综述的纳入标准是2010年1月至2021年12月发表的期刊文章，并提供英文全文或摘要。结果:据报道，智能手机使用20分钟后，调节功能发生了显著变化，幅度减小、便利、相对滞后和滞后增加。此外，据报道，收敛函数有明显的变化，收敛点附近变小。结论:智能手机使用对成人的适应参数和收敛参数有影响。有计算机视觉综合征症状的患者需要评估调节和辐散参数，以防止出现视力问题。需要对具有各种智能手机功能的年轻人群进行未来的评估。
{"title":"Smartphone Use on Accommodation and Vergence Parameters: A Systematic Review","authors":"Thilageswary Chellapan, Norlaila Mat Daud, Sumithira Narayanasamy","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.42","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The frequency and the trend of smartphone use increase rapidly, and 85% of Malaysians owns a smartphone and spend an average of 187 minutes per day to use the smartphone. Aims: To evaluate the potential effects of smartphone use on Accommodation and Vergence of the users. Methods: A total of 18 articles were selected in this review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the research question was formulated based on the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) method. This review was registered with PROSPERO (reference number: CRD42022293325). Data Sources: Databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Science-Direct were used in the article search using appropriate keywords, phrases, and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. The inclusion criteria of this review were journal articles published from January 2010 until December 2021 with full articles or abstract in English available. Results: Accommodative function has been reported to changed significantly with 20 minutes of smartphone use, with reduced amplitude, facility, relative and increased lag. In addition, vergence function has been reported to be altered significantly with receded near point of convergence. Conclusion: Smartphone use has an effect on the accommodation and vergence parameters among adults. Assessments of accommodation and vergence parameters need to be conducted in patients with the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome to prevent vision problems. Future reviews are required in younger cohorts with various smartphone features.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47023063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In medical education one of the main goal is to facilitate the development of professional identity of medical students. It is influenced by sociocultural factors whose influence has been examined by the empirical scholarship on professional identity research in a robust way. The current research studied the influence of gender, ethnicity and year of study on the professional identity of medical students using a validated instrument. Methods: The quantitative research approach using the cross sectional survey design is adopted in the present study. The instrument for the measurement of professional identity was developed using the items adapted from previous research. Stratified random sampling was used to collect the data from 318 participants. The reliability and construct validity of the instrument was evaluated using Smart PLS 3. Data was analysed, for descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 26. Result: Ethnicity, gender and year of study had an impact on the professional identity of medical students. Indian ethnicity had significantly higher positive influence. The female students had higher professional identity than male medical students. As the students’ progressed to higher level of their training their professional identity progressively decreased. Conclusion: The medical students trained with similar curricular activities and the learning experiences develop different levels of professional identity. The level of professional identity developed by the medical students in deferent gender, ethnicity, and year of study differes. The sociocultural factors need to be considered when designing activities aimed at development of medical students’ professional identity.
{"title":"Professional Identity of Medical Students of Malaysia: Influence of Demographic Factors","authors":"A. Jeppu, S. Azam, K. Kumar","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In medical education one of the main goal is to facilitate the development of professional identity of medical students. It is influenced by sociocultural factors whose influence has been examined by the empirical scholarship on professional identity research in a robust way. The current research studied the influence of gender, ethnicity and year of study on the professional identity of medical students using a validated instrument. Methods: The quantitative research approach using the cross sectional survey design is adopted in the present study. The instrument for the measurement of professional identity was developed using the items adapted from previous research. Stratified random sampling was used to collect the data from 318 participants. The reliability and construct validity of the instrument was evaluated using Smart PLS 3. Data was analysed, for descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 26. Result: Ethnicity, gender and year of study had an impact on the professional identity of medical students. Indian ethnicity had significantly higher positive influence. The female students had higher professional identity than male medical students. As the students’ progressed to higher level of their training their professional identity progressively decreased. Conclusion: The medical students trained with similar curricular activities and the learning experiences develop different levels of professional identity. The level of professional identity developed by the medical students in deferent gender, ethnicity, and year of study differes. The sociocultural factors need to be considered when designing activities aimed at development of medical students’ professional identity.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47308362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to unavoidable new norms, including increasing demands for online learning. In view of the potential constraints to virtually learn anatomy among medical students, this study was conducted to identify the level of exposure towards online anatomy learning as well as the perceived constraints among medical students in a public university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross sectional study utilizing online survey was conducted during the movement control order (MCO) enforcement in Malaysia between March and October 2020 among all consented medical students at a public university in the Klang Valley area. The data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire which was distributed using Google Form application. Results: A total of 281 medical students consented and completed the online survey, with 94.3% students had low level of exposure towards online anatomy learning. Year of study and accessibility towards computing facilities and internet connection were significantly associated with online anatomy learning, with the non-clinical students are 19.9 (aOR= 19.888, B=2.990, 95%CI: 2.484-159.220) times more likely to have higher exposure towards online anatomy learning respectively. Conclusion: A very high proportion of medical students having low exposure towards online anatomy learning was observed in this study, which was predicted among the clinical students. Strengthening the utilization of online learning should be seriously considered in parallel with the new norms and the many uncertainties with COVID-19 pandemic, to ensure continuity of effective and quality learning.
{"title":"Distance Learning: Perceived Constraints Towards the New Norms in Learning Anatomy During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat, Razif Abas, Rebecca Tan, Danial Haqeem, Nut Atma S Jamali","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to unavoidable new norms, including increasing demands for online learning. In view of the potential constraints to virtually learn anatomy among medical students, this study was conducted to identify the level of exposure towards online anatomy learning as well as the perceived constraints among medical students in a public university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross sectional study utilizing online survey was conducted during the movement control order (MCO) enforcement in Malaysia between March and October 2020 among all consented medical students at a public university in the Klang Valley area. The data was collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire which was distributed using Google Form application. Results: A total of 281 medical students consented and completed the online survey, with 94.3% students had low level of exposure towards online anatomy learning. Year of study and accessibility towards computing facilities and internet connection were significantly associated with online anatomy learning, with the non-clinical students are 19.9 (aOR= 19.888, B=2.990, 95%CI: 2.484-159.220) times more likely to have higher exposure towards online anatomy learning respectively. Conclusion: A very high proportion of medical students having low exposure towards online anatomy learning was observed in this study, which was predicted among the clinical students. Strengthening the utilization of online learning should be seriously considered in parallel with the new norms and the many uncertainties with COVID-19 pandemic, to ensure continuity of effective and quality learning.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135140208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I Putu Sudayasa, Fera Husdaningsih, La Ode Alifariki
Introduction: Hypertension is a polygenic disease that caused 45% of deaths. Various genes have been engaged with the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of these genes affects sodium homeostasis in the kidney, including the ACE I/D gene polymorphism. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the incidence of hypertension in coastal communities of Kendari City. Methods: The study was conducted using a case-control study design. The case group was hypertensive patients based on medical diagnostic by doctors, while the control group was healthy individuals without any records on hypertension. As many as 70 individuals residing in the coastal area of Kendari City were involved as samples of the study. Both case and control groups consisted of 35 individuals. Data collection techniques were carried out experimentally using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: The prevalence of I allele was found in individuals with a family history of hypertension (72.1%) as compared to the D allele (27.9%). The study also found a significant correlation between the family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism (p-value 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the incidence of hypertension in this population (p-value 0.631). Conclusion: Family history of hypertension was a risk factor for the incidence of hypertension. On the other hand, the polymorphism of ACE I/D gene was a protective factor towards the incidence of hypertension.
{"title":"Polymorphism of Gene ACE I/D and Family History of Hypertension as Predisposition of Hypertension","authors":"I Putu Sudayasa, Fera Husdaningsih, La Ode Alifariki","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension is a polygenic disease that caused 45% of deaths. Various genes have been engaged with the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of these genes affects sodium homeostasis in the kidney, including the ACE I/D gene polymorphism. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the incidence of hypertension in coastal communities of Kendari City. Methods: The study was conducted using a case-control study design. The case group was hypertensive patients based on medical diagnostic by doctors, while the control group was healthy individuals without any records on hypertension. As many as 70 individuals residing in the coastal area of Kendari City were involved as samples of the study. Both case and control groups consisted of 35 individuals. Data collection techniques were carried out experimentally using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: The prevalence of I allele was found in individuals with a family history of hypertension (72.1%) as compared to the D allele (27.9%). The study also found a significant correlation between the family history of hypertension and ACE I/D gene polymorphism (p-value 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the incidence of hypertension in this population (p-value 0.631). Conclusion: Family history of hypertension was a risk factor for the incidence of hypertension. On the other hand, the polymorphism of ACE I/D gene was a protective factor towards the incidence of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135140209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yahya W. Najjar, Zeinab M. Hassan, Yara. F. Almadani
Introduction: Hand Hygiene is an essential method to preclude infections in all healthcare environments. Education is essential to advance hand hygiene performance amongst nurses and nursing students. The aim is to find out the usefulness of a self-paced online hand hygiene course on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing students by evaluating student performance in post-tests. Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental design in which data were collected using two questionnaires from undergraduate nursing students and they were exposed to interactive lectures and online activities related to risks, benefits, and key recommendations for hand hygiene. The following two surveys were used, Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Health-Care Workers; and Handwashing Assessment Inventory. Data were collected through pre-post tests. Results: Nurses reported a significant change for the better in hand hygiene comprehension, attitude, and performance of hand hygiene behaviours. The present study revealed a significant increase in hand hygiene knowledge belief, attitude, and outcomes among university students after participating in the training intervention. The majority of participants in the pretest rated their knowledge level as poor. Conclusion: Interactive training and online learning courses on hand hygiene could be used to influence the beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of students to bring about the desired change in hand hygiene practice.
{"title":"The Era of Coronavirus: Assess the Impact of Distance Learning Course on the Levels of Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Students in Low Resources Country","authors":"Yahya W. Najjar, Zeinab M. Hassan, Yara. F. Almadani","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs19.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs19.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hand Hygiene is an essential method to preclude infections in all healthcare environments. Education is essential to advance hand hygiene performance amongst nurses and nursing students. The aim is to find out the usefulness of a self-paced online hand hygiene course on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing students by evaluating student performance in post-tests. Methods: The study employed a quasi-experimental design in which data were collected using two questionnaires from undergraduate nursing students and they were exposed to interactive lectures and online activities related to risks, benefits, and key recommendations for hand hygiene. The following two surveys were used, Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Health-Care Workers; and Handwashing Assessment Inventory. Data were collected through pre-post tests. Results: Nurses reported a significant change for the better in hand hygiene comprehension, attitude, and performance of hand hygiene behaviours. The present study revealed a significant increase in hand hygiene knowledge belief, attitude, and outcomes among university students after participating in the training intervention. The majority of participants in the pretest rated their knowledge level as poor. Conclusion: Interactive training and online learning courses on hand hygiene could be used to influence the beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of students to bring about the desired change in hand hygiene practice.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ai-Hong Chen, Nur Rifqah Roslan, YW Hoe Cosette, Swee Chai Teoh
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a rapid shift of learning and education from traditional means to digital platforms. This paper aims to examine the impact of online learning on digital engagement and digital-related health symptoms among university students one year into the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Data was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire after ethical approval. The questionnaire was adapted from the previously published Lifestyle Study in Youth Questionnaire. Through the questionnaire, the perception of students toward online learning was probed and recorded. Digital engagement and digital-related health symptoms were compared before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results: The majority (97.5%) of respondents preferred face-to-face learning. The time spent on digital devices was 1.8 times higher during COVID-19 than before the COVID-19 lockdown (t-test = -18.86, p<0.0001). The total hours of sleep were reduced during COVID-19 lockdown (0.6 hours lesser) (t-test = -3.92, p<0.0001). The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed significant changes in digital-related health symptoms (15 out of 17) due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Digital eye strain, dry eye syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, and upper quadrant postural and muscle strain emerged (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most university students favoured face-to-face learning compared to online learning. There was a two-fold rise in digital engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown. As a result, it has seemed to translate into reduced sleeping hours. The short-term impact of the coronavirus pandemic on digital-related health symptoms amongst university students was apparent. The long-term effects require further investigations to facilitate fact-based decision-making.
{"title":"Online Learning and Its Short-term Impact on Digital Engagement and Digital-related Health Symptoms Amongst University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ai-Hong Chen, Nur Rifqah Roslan, YW Hoe Cosette, Swee Chai Teoh","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs19.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs19.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a rapid shift of learning and education from traditional means to digital platforms. This paper aims to examine the impact of online learning on digital engagement and digital-related health symptoms among university students one year into the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: Data was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire after ethical approval. The questionnaire was adapted from the previously published Lifestyle Study in Youth Questionnaire. Through the questionnaire, the perception of students toward online learning was probed and recorded. Digital engagement and digital-related health symptoms were compared before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Results: The majority (97.5%) of respondents preferred face-to-face learning. The time spent on digital devices was 1.8 times higher during COVID-19 than before the COVID-19 lockdown (t-test = -18.86, p<0.0001). The total hours of sleep were reduced during COVID-19 lockdown (0.6 hours lesser) (t-test = -3.92, p<0.0001). The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed significant changes in digital-related health symptoms (15 out of 17) due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Digital eye strain, dry eye syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, and upper quadrant postural and muscle strain emerged (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most university students favoured face-to-face learning compared to online learning. There was a two-fold rise in digital engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown. As a result, it has seemed to translate into reduced sleeping hours. The short-term impact of the coronavirus pandemic on digital-related health symptoms amongst university students was apparent. The long-term effects require further investigations to facilitate fact-based decision-making.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46071714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norashimah Rajab, Syahrul Bariah Abdul Hamid, Aishah Hanum Mohd Said, Khairil Anuar Md Isa
Introduction: Hepatic diseases patients are especially prone to malnutrition, which is often underestimated. Screening tools were developed to detect the risk of malnutrition. However, screening tools for patients with liver disease were frequently underestimated. Fluid overload is the main issue to perform nutritional screening in liver disease patients. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) among patients and to evaluate association between RFH-NPT, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 3 phases; transcultural adaptation, criterion validity and reliability phases. Content validity was confirmed by interviewing eight liver disease professionals. Face validity was assessed by surveying forty nurses working in the liver disease ward. In addition, agreement between NRS 2002 and RFH-NPT assessment was assessed using the SGA tool. Results: Eighty patients with liver disease took part in this study. The SGA assessment found malnutrition in 75% of patients (95% CI, 60%–95%) while 80% (95% CI, 65%-80) were found as at risk of malnutrition using RFH- NPT. Moderate specificity and high sensitivity of RFH-NPT were 97% and 74%, respectively, and 95% positive predictive value was measured. Conclusion: The RFH-NPT nutritional screening tool is the initial and most reliable in this population to assess the malnutrition risk. Thus, inclusion of the RFH-NPT with NRS 2002 demonstrated positive and a fair agreement between the SGA and RFH-NPT tool to be used as a routine nutrition screening protocol for identifying patients at risk of malnutrition.
{"title":"Validation Of Nutrition Screening Tool: Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) For Chronic Liver Disease Patients","authors":"Norashimah Rajab, Syahrul Bariah Abdul Hamid, Aishah Hanum Mohd Said, Khairil Anuar Md Isa","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hepatic diseases patients are especially prone to malnutrition, which is often underestimated. Screening tools were developed to detect the risk of malnutrition. However, screening tools for patients with liver disease were frequently underestimated. Fluid overload is the main issue to perform nutritional screening in liver disease patients. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) among patients and to evaluate association between RFH-NPT, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 3 phases; transcultural adaptation, criterion validity and reliability phases. Content validity was confirmed by interviewing eight liver disease professionals. Face validity was assessed by surveying forty nurses working in the liver disease ward. In addition, agreement between NRS 2002 and RFH-NPT assessment was assessed using the SGA tool. Results: Eighty patients with liver disease took part in this study. The SGA assessment found malnutrition in 75% of patients (95% CI, 60%–95%) while 80% (95% CI, 65%-80) were found as at risk of malnutrition using RFH- NPT. Moderate specificity and high sensitivity of RFH-NPT were 97% and 74%, respectively, and 95% positive predictive value was measured. Conclusion: The RFH-NPT nutritional screening tool is the initial and most reliable in this population to assess the malnutrition risk. Thus, inclusion of the RFH-NPT with NRS 2002 demonstrated positive and a fair agreement between the SGA and RFH-NPT tool to be used as a routine nutrition screening protocol for identifying patients at risk of malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Population ageing brings along various crucial implications, with working beyond retirement age is one of the economics implications of ageing. Realizing the increasing demand and concern to accommodate older adults into the workforce, this review was conducted to develop better understanding on the factors associated with post-retirement employment among older adults aged 50 years and older. Methods: Using Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, related articles between January 2017 and June 2021 were thoroughly searched using combination of keywords and screened according to the predetermined eligibility criteria. Post-retirement employment was defined as employment of older adults aged 50 years old and above beyond retirement age or re-employment of retired older adults, either from compulsory or voluntary retirement. All observational, qualitative, mixed methods and experimental studies were included in the screening process. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) was used to assess the quality of included articles. Results: A total of 12 articles included for review, with seven articles rated as high-quality. The review had successfully identified 10 factors associated with working beyond retirement age among older adults. Having good health status and being male gender were the commonest factors influencing the decision to work beyond retirement age, followed by level of education, financial commitment/ reasons, and work characteristics. Conclusion: The findings of this review provide a crucial insight and foundation towards addressing the unique needs of older workers in the employment policy.
{"title":"Working Beyond Retirement Age: A Systematic Review","authors":"H. Minhat, Suttama Suwanmanee","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Population ageing brings along various crucial implications, with working beyond retirement age is one of the economics implications of ageing. Realizing the increasing demand and concern to accommodate older adults into the workforce, this review was conducted to develop better understanding on the factors associated with post-retirement employment among older adults aged 50 years and older. Methods: Using Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, related articles between January 2017 and June 2021 were thoroughly searched using combination of keywords and screened according to the predetermined eligibility criteria. Post-retirement employment was defined as employment of older adults aged 50 years old and above beyond retirement age or re-employment of retired older adults, either from compulsory or voluntary retirement. All observational, qualitative, mixed methods and experimental studies were included in the screening process. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) was used to assess the quality of included articles. Results: A total of 12 articles included for review, with seven articles rated as high-quality. The review had successfully identified 10 factors associated with working beyond retirement age among older adults. Having good health status and being male gender were the commonest factors influencing the decision to work beyond retirement age, followed by level of education, financial commitment/ reasons, and work characteristics. Conclusion: The findings of this review provide a crucial insight and foundation towards addressing the unique needs of older workers in the employment policy.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45032926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ng Wei Lee, N. K. A. Karim, Preetvinder Singh A/L Dheer Singh
Biliary atresia is one of the commonest causes of prolonged jaundice in neonate, whereas cystic biliary atresia is a rare form of biliary atresia with similar presentation, but a slightly different sonographic finding. Being able to differentiate them radiologically is important as the surgical management is different for these two diagnoses. An ultrasound examination was done for a 2-month-old baby girl with prolonged jaundice with the finding of a cyst along the portal triad, which raised the suspicion for cystic biliary atresia. The diagnosis was confirmed with intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) and Kasai procedure was done. The patient was well after the surgery with resolution of jaundice.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Cystic Biliary Atresia","authors":"Ng Wei Lee, N. K. A. Karim, Preetvinder Singh A/L Dheer Singh","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.48","url":null,"abstract":"Biliary atresia is one of the commonest causes of prolonged jaundice in neonate, whereas cystic biliary atresia is a rare form of biliary atresia with similar presentation, but a slightly different sonographic finding. Being able to differentiate them radiologically is important as the surgical management is different for these two diagnoses. An ultrasound examination was done for a 2-month-old baby girl with prolonged jaundice with the finding of a cyst along the portal triad, which raised the suspicion for cystic biliary atresia. The diagnosis was confirmed with intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) and Kasai procedure was done. The patient was well after the surgery with resolution of jaundice.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44399194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Ann John, Adil Hussein, Khairy Shamel Sonny Teo
Introduction: Dry eye syndrome (DES) has become a public health concern, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical students are at risk due to an increase in visual display terminal (VDT) exposure given the transition to full-time online lectures. The presence of reduced blink rate and tear film instability in VDT users causes an increase in tear evaporation leading to symptoms of DES. This study helps us to learn about the associated factors of VDT use and DES among the young generation. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of DES among medical students exposed to VDT at the health campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 140 undergraduate medical students aged 22 to 29 years old who were VDT users. Factors analysed are age, gender, race and duration of VDT usage. Data collection included both subjective assessment (OSDI questionnaire) and objective assessment (TBUT and Schirmer’s test). Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS Inc Version 24). Results were analysed using descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most of the medical student cohort was female and Malay. Most of the students use VDT for less than 8 hours. A high incidence of DES was noted among medical students (92.1%). None of the factors showed significant association with positive findings DES by subjective and objective assessment and duration of VDT usage. Conclusion: DES is common among VDT users. This study showed a high prevalence of DES among medical students in USM. The factors analysed did not show a significant association between DES and duration of VDT usage. This study may help to recognize the problem and will raise awareness of their daily practice and implement preventive measures to avoid VDT-related DES.
干眼综合征(DES)已成为一个公共卫生问题，特别是在COVID-19大流行期间。医学生面临的风险，由于视觉显示终端(VDT)的增加，过渡到全日制在线讲座。VDT使用者眨眼频率降低和泪膜不稳定导致泪液蒸发增加，从而导致DES症状。本研究有助于我们了解年轻一代使用VDT和DES的相关因素。本研究旨在确定马来西亚理科大学(USM)健康校区暴露于VDT的医学生中DES的患病率及其相关因素。方法:采用横断面研究方法，对140名年龄在22 ~ 29岁的使用VDT的医科本科生进行研究。分析的因素包括年龄、性别、种族和VDT使用时间。数据收集包括主观评价(OSDI问卷)和客观评价(TBUT和Schirmer’s test)。使用Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS Inc Version 24)进行统计分析。结果采用描述性分析和多元逻辑回归进行分析。结果:大多数医学生队列为女性和马来人。大多数学生使用VDT的时间不超过8小时。医学生中DES的发生率较高(92.1%)。主观、客观评价和VDT使用时间均与阳性结果无显著相关性。结论:DES在VDT使用者中较为常见。本研究结果显示，东南大学医学生中DES发生率较高。分析的因素没有显示DES和VDT使用时间之间的显著关联。本研究可能有助于认识问题，提高他们的日常实践意识，并采取预防措施避免vdt相关的DES。
{"title":"Evaluation of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dry Eye Syndrome among Medical Students Exposed to Visual Display Terminal in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia","authors":"Patricia Ann John, Adil Hussein, Khairy Shamel Sonny Teo","doi":"10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dry eye syndrome (DES) has become a public health concern, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical students are at risk due to an increase in visual display terminal (VDT) exposure given the transition to full-time online lectures. The presence of reduced blink rate and tear film instability in VDT users causes an increase in tear evaporation leading to symptoms of DES. This study helps us to learn about the associated factors of VDT use and DES among the young generation. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of DES among medical students exposed to VDT at the health campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 140 undergraduate medical students aged 22 to 29 years old who were VDT users. Factors analysed are age, gender, race and duration of VDT usage. Data collection included both subjective assessment (OSDI questionnaire) and objective assessment (TBUT and Schirmer’s test). Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS Inc Version 24). Results were analysed using descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Most of the medical student cohort was female and Malay. Most of the students use VDT for less than 8 hours. A high incidence of DES was noted among medical students (92.1%). None of the factors showed significant association with positive findings DES by subjective and objective assessment and duration of VDT usage. Conclusion: DES is common among VDT users. This study showed a high prevalence of DES among medical students in USM. The factors analysed did not show a significant association between DES and duration of VDT usage. This study may help to recognize the problem and will raise awareness of their daily practice and implement preventive measures to avoid VDT-related DES.","PeriodicalId":40029,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135140350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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