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The forgotten ECEC staff working with birth-to-3-year-olds: The imbalances between the workforce policies and ECEC staff employment conditions in Spain 被遗忘的欧共体工作人员与出生至3岁的儿童一起工作:西班牙劳动力政策与欧共体工作人员就业条件之间的不平衡
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211057979
A. Corral-Granados, C. Rogers, Fredrik Kruse
In response to an international focus on Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), Spanish scholars have recently started to explore the participation of early years practitioners in their educational organisations and their views on working conditions. However, a comprehensive review of the current challenges experienced by the Under 3 s early years educators and the examination of the imbalances in workforce policy and working conditions on literature, has thus far not been conducted. Three themes are identified related to the professional developmental path within the school settings that the Spanish ECEC educators follow. The first relates to the educators’ initial ECEC education and training, who the staff caring for this age group are, and how prepared they are. The second is linked to the ECEC programs available for children from birth until they reach three years, and how and where the inclusive programs are delivered to this age group, as well as the early years educators’ working conditions and the impact of the professional roles. Whereas the third relates to in-service professional development derived from interaction and collective learning. The article concludes with suggestions on how the practitioners’ professional development could operationalise policy requirements in order to achieve more inclusive and child-centred learning.
为了应对国际上对幼儿教育和护理(ECEC)的关注,西班牙学者最近开始探索幼儿从业者在其教育组织中的参与情况以及他们对工作条件的看法。然而,到目前为止,还没有对3岁以下早期教育工作者所面临的当前挑战进行全面审查,也没有对劳动力政策和文献工作条件的不平衡进行审查。确定了三个主题,涉及西班牙欧共体教育工作者在学校环境中遵循的专业发展道路。第一个问题涉及教育工作者最初的ECEC教育和培训,照顾这个年龄段的工作人员是谁,以及他们的准备情况。第二个与儿童从出生到三岁的ECEC计划有关,以及包容性计划如何以及在哪里向这一年龄段提供,以及早期教育工作者的工作条件和专业角色的影响。而第三个涉及从互动和集体学习中获得的在职专业发展。文章最后就从业者的专业发展如何落实政策要求提出了建议,以实现更具包容性和以儿童为中心的学习。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers’ perceptions of their school principal's leadership style and improvement in their students’ performance in specialized schools for students with conduct disorders 教师对校长领导风格的认知与行为障碍学生在专业学校表现的改善
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211054654
Uri Even, Iris BenDavid-Hadar
We examined the relationship between the school principal's leadership style, as perceived by the school teachers, and improvement in the performance of students with special education needs enrolled in specialized schools for students with conduct disorders. Our motivation originates in the increasing trend in their share within the general population and the premise that this unique population may respond differently to school principal leadership style. Datasets on students’ previous performance, students’ background characteristics, teacher profiles, and school features were collected. In addition, a questionnaire on teachers’ perceptions of their school principal's leadership style was distributed. Datasets were collected from 92 teachers who worked in special education needs public schools that specialized in conduct disorders. Using STATA software, we measured multilevel fixed-effects models. We found that the more the school principal is perceived as a transformational leader, the higher the students’ performance. Additionally, secondary school advantaged students (i.e. having a high level of previous performance, high socioeconomic strata), who are taught by more educated teachers, exhibit higher performance compared with their counterparts. Based on our finding, we recommend that policy makers would consider assigning transformational leaders to low-performing schools. In addition, policy makers may want to allocate extra learning resources and to provide access to learning services to support the disadvantaged students’ learning process.
我们研究了学校教师所感知的校长领导风格与有特殊教育需求的学生在行为障碍学生专业学校的表现改善之间的关系。我们的动机源于他们在普通人群中所占比例的增加趋势,以及这一独特人群可能对学校校长领导风格做出不同反应的前提。收集了学生以前的表现、学生的背景特征、教师档案和学校特征的数据集。此外,还分发了一份关于教师对校长领导风格的看法的问卷。数据集收集自92名在特殊教育需求公立学校工作的教师,这些学校专门研究行为障碍。使用STATA软件,我们测量了多级固定效应模型。我们发现,校长越是被视为变革领导者,学生的表现就越高。此外,受教育程度更高的老师教的中学优势学生(即以前的表现水平高,社会经济阶层高)与同龄人相比表现更高。根据我们的发现,我们建议政策制定者考虑将转型领导者分配给表现不佳的学校。此外,政策制定者可能希望分配额外的学习资源,并提供学习服务,以支持弱势学生的学习过程。
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引用次数: 3
Untangling collegiality and distributed leadership: Equality versus utility. A perspective piece 解开合议制和分散领导:平等与效用。透视作品
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211057980
Adrian Jarvis
Both ‘collegiality’ and ‘distributed leadership’ have, as terms, occasioned a good deal of debate. Conceptually elastic, they are often used interchangeably, or not appreciated as embodying a range of leadership styles and relationships. Spurred by an unanswered query from a research project, this theoretical article attempts to clarify what the two words mean – especially in relation to each other. Collegiality is defined as an approach, characterised by equality, whereas distributed leadership is seen to be much more closely aligned to the goals of a team or organisation, thus making it more to do with utility. While formal distributed leadership is indifferent to collegiality - although not hostile to it - informal distributed leadership, it is argued, requires collegiality to be in place before it can exist, much less thrive.
“合议制”和“分散领导”这两个术语都引起了很多争论。从概念上讲,它们是弹性的,通常可以互换使用,或者不被视为体现了一系列领导风格和关系。在一个研究项目的未回答的问题的刺激下,这篇理论文章试图澄清这两个词的含义——尤其是彼此之间的关系。大学制被定义为一种以平等为特征的方法,而分布式领导被视为与团队或组织的目标更加紧密地一致,从而使其更多地与效用有关。虽然正式的分布式领导对合议制漠不关心,尽管并不敌视合议制,但有人认为,非正式的分布式领导要求合议制在存在之前就已经存在,更不用说蓬勃发展了。
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引用次数: 1
Can governance be ethical if it is not diverse? 如果治理不多样化,它能合乎道德吗?
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211057986
V. Porritt, Fee Stagg
Can governance be ethical if it is not diverse? Abstract There is growing acceptance that governing boards in English schools and academies should be diverse. Yet progress towards this strategic aim remains slow despite initiatives to address this. We ask whether boards represent their communities and whether they model diverse and ethical leadership as seen in the culture and values of a school or trust and through recruitment and we argue that governance cannot be ethical if it is not diverse. Our thinking about the question at the heart of this paper is influenced by ethical leadership as well as the Black Lives Matter movement. We draw on two diverse boards, one a maintained governing board for a primary school and the other a Multi-Academy Trust board, to support our opinion and thank them for sharing their challenges and successes. We suggest ways forward to deliberately disrupt the status quo and ensure governing boards represent the students in their communities.
如果治理不多样化,它能合乎道德吗?摘要人们越来越接受英国学校和学院的管理委员会应该多样化。然而,尽管采取了解决这一问题的举措,但实现这一战略目标的进展仍然缓慢。我们询问董事会是否代表他们的社区,他们是否通过学校或信托的文化和价值观以及招聘来塑造多元化和道德领导力,我们认为,如果治理不多元化,就不可能是道德的。我们对这篇论文核心问题的思考受到了道德领导力和“黑人的命也是命”运动的影响。我们聘请了两个不同的董事会,一个是小学的管理委员会,另一个是多学院信托委员会,来支持我们的意见,并感谢他们分享他们的挑战和成功。我们提出了有意破坏现状的前进道路,并确保管理委员会在其社区中代表学生。
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引用次数: 0
Networks 网络
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/089202068900300209
H. Lovell
Social scientists study many different types of networks, from policy networks to sociotechnical networks, in order to better understand processes of change. These diverse networks have a number of characteristics in common, including interconnectedness, flows, and fragility. Exploring these characteristics in relation to smart grids helps us to better understand the social nature of energy sector innovation. In this chapter, I use these themes and concepts to assess three examples: international smart grid policy networks; a local community network on Bruny Island, Australia; and a fragile network, the digital metering programme in the State of Victoria, Australia.
社会科学家研究许多不同类型的网络,从政策网络到社会技术网络,以便更好地理解变化的过程。这些不同的网络有许多共同的特征,包括互联性、流动性和脆弱性。探索与智能电网相关的这些特征有助于我们更好地理解能源部门创新的社会本质。在本章中,我使用这些主题和概念来评估三个例子:国际智能电网政策网络;澳大利亚布朗尼岛的当地社区网络;以及一个脆弱的网络,即澳大利亚维多利亚州的数字计量计划。
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引用次数: 0
“I’m just a TA”; From mixing paints to managing safeguarding and class teaching: An exploration of teaching assistant's perceptions and roles in school “我只是TA”;从调配颜料到管理保卫和课堂教学——助教在学校的认知和角色探索
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211057344
Marie Bradwell, H. Bending
This small-scale piece of research listened to the stories, experiences and perceptions of teaching assistants to hear their lived experiences of the role of teaching assistant. To hear how expectations have altered with/without legislative and framework guidance and consideration of the individuals who take up teaching assistant roles, in a climate where there is a succinct lack of legal requirement for any training or qualifications to be undertaken prior to or during the job role. The findings indicated that there appears to be an ethos within primary educational settings that teaching assistants can ‘do it all’ at ‘all times’, that there is a lack of clarity in role and responsibilities across the ‘unqualified staff’, and furthermore that they self-position as “Just a TA”.
这项小规模的研究倾听了助教的故事、经历和看法,以了解他们对助教角色的生活体验。了解在没有立法和框架指导以及对担任助教的个人的考虑的情况下,在对担任助教之前或期间进行的任何培训或资格都缺乏明确的法律要求的环境下,期望是如何改变的。调查结果表明,在小学教育环境中,似乎存在一种风气,即助教可以在“任何时候”“无所不能”,“不合格的员工”的角色和责任不明确,而且他们自我定位为“只是一名助教”。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing teacher leadership in Malaysian schools: Exploring secondary principals’ perspectives 马来西亚学校实施教师领导力:中学校长视角的探索
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211053099
Lokman Mohd Tahir, N. Samah, Siti Nisrin Mohd Anis, Mohd Fadzli Ali
Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore principals’ perspectives on the concept of teacher leadership, the strategies that they employed to support teacher leadership practice and the challenges and issues that principals faced while implementing teacher leadership. Methodology: This qualitative case study uses interview sessions with 10 purposely selected principals from various types of secondary schools. All schools are public schools that are administered and funded by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Findings: The study reveals that principals had a comprehensive understanding of the concept of teacher leadership; in fact, principals were able to list teacher leaders’ characteristics and provide definitions for the concept of teacher leadership. In exploring principals’ strategies to support teacher leadership practice, five themes emerged: developing future leaders, a mentoring programme, involving more teachers as teacher leaders, practising an ‘open door’ policy and providing more opportunities for teachers to offer mutual assistance. In terms of the challenges for teacher leadership practices, principals shared particular issues such as the unwillingness of teachers to become teacher leaders due to their heavy workloads and challenges in eading senior teachers. Significance: This study supplements the literature that explores teacher leadership within the Malaysian schooling context, which has hitherto been understudied. Thus, the concept of teacher leadership needs more in-depth investigation and evaluation to ascertain its suitability within Malaysia's educational system. For the Ministry of Education, this study notes some practical implications for improving teacher leadership in Malaysian schools.
目的:本研究旨在探讨校长对教师领导力概念的看法、他们支持教师领导力实践的策略以及校长在实施教师领导力时面临的挑战和问题。方法:这项定性案例研究采用访谈的方式,从不同类型的中学中特意挑选了10位校长。所有学校都是由马来西亚教育部管理和资助的公立学校。研究发现:校长对教师领导的概念有全面的认识;事实上,校长能够列出教师领导的特征,并为教师领导的概念提供定义。在探索校长支持教师领导实践的策略时,出现了五个主题:培养未来的领导者、辅导计划、让更多的教师成为教师领导者、实施“门户开放”政策以及为教师提供更多互助机会。在教师领导实践面临的挑战方面,校长们分享了一些特殊的问题,如教师由于工作量大而不愿成为教师领导,以及在领导高级教师方面面临的挑战。意义:本研究补充了迄今为止研究不足的马来西亚学校教育背景下教师领导力的文献。因此,教师领导力的概念需要更深入的调查和评估,以确定其在马来西亚教育体系中的适用性。对于教育部来说,这项研究指出了提高马来西亚学校教师领导力的一些实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Education governance and the role of the headteacher: The new policy problem in Scottish education 教育治理与校长的作用:苏格兰教育的新政策问题
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211057348
C. Forde, D. Torrance, Alison Mitchell, M. McMahon, J. Harvie
As part of the current Review of Education Governance in Scotland, the Headteachers’ Charter is perceived as a central policy solution. The Charter changes the responsibilities of the headteacher by altering the relationship between headteacher and local authority, and thereby bringing about changes to the governance of education. If these changes are perceived as the solution, what is the perceived policy problem? This article examines policy documents to explore the policy problem using Bacchi's (2012a) ‘what's the problem represented to be’ (WPR) approach, which uses a framework of six questions to analyse policy texts. The article begins with a brief overview of the policy programme, the ‘Empowerment Agenda’. The article discusses Bacchi's WPR analysis framework and then presents the findings, using this framework. The article ends with a discussion of the impact of the reform of educational governance including the Headteachers’ Charter on the role of the headteacher.
作为当前苏格兰教育治理审查的一部分,校长宪章被认为是一个核心的政策解决方案。《宪章》通过改变校长与地方政府之间的关系,改变了校长的职责,从而带来了教育治理的变化。如果这些变化被认为是解决方案,那么被认为的政策问题是什么?本文研究政策文件,使用Bacchi (2012a)的“问题代表是什么”(WPR)方法来探索政策问题,该方法使用六个问题的框架来分析政策文本。本文首先简要概述了政策方案“赋权议程”。本文讨论了Bacchi的WPR分析框架,然后介绍了使用该框架的研究结果。文章最后讨论了包括《校长章程》在内的教育治理改革对校长角色的影响。
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引用次数: 2
MATification: Plurality, turbulence and effective school governance in England 成熟:英国多元、动荡与有效的学校治理
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211051473
M. Gibson, D. Outhwaite
School governance in England has seen considerable change over the last decade as ongoing structural reform has produced a range of models affecting composition and roles of individual schools and the middle tier. Governance is important as school governing bodies have considerable powers and responsibilities for young peoples’ education (Young, 2017). There are some 300, 000 governors in England, the largest group of volunteers in England, whose work is prominently hidden from view but make a significant contribution not only to their schools, but also the educational system as a whole (James et al., 2010). The changes in particular have seen a move from a stakeholder to a skills-based model (Connolly et al., 2017), and are aligned with changes in school and middle tier structures (Bubb et al., 2019). We wish to argue that this turbulence, creating a series of crises which although centrally formed, are seemingly organic replicating differences across systems prohibits, or at least restricts, effective school governance. We argue this through an exploration of two vignette case studies of single Academy Trusts (SATS) and Multiple Academy Trusts (MATs), exploring changes in each and the vacillations in governance discourse.
在过去十年中,英格兰的学校治理发生了重大变化,因为正在进行的结构改革产生了一系列影响个别学校和中产阶级组成和角色的模式。治理很重要,因为学校管理机构对年轻人的教育拥有相当大的权力和责任(young,2017)。英格兰有大约30万名州长,是英格兰最大的志愿者群体,他们的工作被明显地隐藏起来,但不仅对学校,而且对整个教育系统都做出了重大贡献(James et al.,2010)。这些变化尤其见证了从利益相关者向基于技能的模式的转变(Connolly等人,2017),并与学校和中层结构的变化相一致(Bubb等人,2019)。我们想说的是,这种动荡造成了一系列危机,尽管这些危机是集中形成的,但似乎是跨系统的有机复制差异,阻碍或至少限制了有效的学校治理。我们通过对单个学院信托(SATS)和多个学院信托(MAT)的两个小插曲案例研究的探索来论证这一点,探索每一个信托的变化和治理话语的摇摆。
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引用次数: 2
Like a puppet on a string … exploring Headteachers’ perceived demise of Local Governing Bodies within an English Multi-Academy Trust 就像被绑在绳子上的木偶……探索在英语多学院信托中,校长对地方管理机构的认知消亡
IF 1.3 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/08920206211051474
Caroline Vinall
Multi-Academy Trusts (MAT) have developed organically in England since 2010. As a result, there appears to be a lack of consistency in the interpretation of delegated responsibilities of Local Governing Bodies (LGB). In a small-scale study of Headteacher (HT) accountability within one English MAT, governance was revealed as a major cause for concern. Accountability links between HT performance management, LGBs, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Trust Board were unclear. There was a perception of a lack of upward communication and an increase in local ‘rubber-stamping’ of MAT strategy. It is argued that, whilst LGBs are used as a form of ‘chain of command’ to monitor individual schools, their actual purpose may be operational; governed and limited by the Trust Board. LGBs appear to have lost their strategic influence in the conversion from maintained school to academy. I suggest that the term ‘Local Governing Body’ is potentially erroneous in its nomenclature, as some LGBs merely provide a middle level of ‘educational responsibility’ – puppets on a string.
多学院信托(MAT)自2010年以来在英国有机发展。因此,对地方管理机构授权职责的解释似乎缺乏一致性。在一项关于英语MAT中校长问责制的小规模研究中,治理被揭示为令人担忧的主要原因。HT绩效管理、LGB、首席执行官和信托委员会之间的问责联系尚不清楚。人们认为缺乏向上的沟通,MAT战略在当地的“橡皮图章”增多。有人认为,虽然LGB被用作“指挥链”的一种形式来监督各个学校,但其实际目的可能是可操作的;由信托委员会管理和限制。LGB似乎在从私立学校向学院的转变中失去了战略影响力。我认为,“地方管理机构”一词的命名可能是错误的,因为一些地方政府机构只提供了中等水平的“教育责任”——一根绳子上的木偶。
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引用次数: 0
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Management in Education
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