Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344233
C. Nasiopoulou, E. Pyrgioti
This paper is about a simulation model developed in order to indicate the optimal choice and connection of Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) in a domestic electrical installation according to their performance when a direct lightning flash strikes the distribution system. The proposed real-time model which is implemented in Simulink represents a LV distribution system that includes two simplified households. The related benefits of this kind of work are highly significant, as such overvoltages are a threat not only for the household equipment but, most importantly, for the human residents.
{"title":"Performance of surge arresters in a low voltage distribution system","authors":"C. Nasiopoulou, E. Pyrgioti","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344233","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about a simulation model developed in order to indicate the optimal choice and connection of Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) in a domestic electrical installation according to their performance when a direct lightning flash strikes the distribution system. The proposed real-time model which is implemented in Simulink represents a LV distribution system that includes two simplified households. The related benefits of this kind of work are highly significant, as such overvoltages are a threat not only for the household equipment but, most importantly, for the human residents.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127079203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344278
V. Laverde, M. Kadir, C. Gomes
This paper focuses on the behaviour of dry sand, bentonite and cement under different voltage conditions. These three materials play important role in electrical grounding systems, in controlling ground impedance of an electrode. However, most often the low frequency earth resistance measurements of grounding electrodes encased in these materials have been considered as the performance indicator. It has been found in this study that the behaviour of materials grossly depends on the applied voltage waveform and repetition of application or duration of the waveform. Time to breakdown in the case of bentonite is considerably smaller than that of cement. Bentonite also shows breakdown in two phases, in the voltage time curve. In cases of both bentonite and dry sand, fulgurites were formed in the application of short duration alternative voltage at 50 Hz. As fulgurites are very high in resistance compared to the original material, the overall resistive and inductive behaviours of the earth electrodes may change in the presence of leakage currents in MV and HV systems.
{"title":"Performance of backfill materials under impulse and AC testings","authors":"V. Laverde, M. Kadir, C. Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344278","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the behaviour of dry sand, bentonite and cement under different voltage conditions. These three materials play important role in electrical grounding systems, in controlling ground impedance of an electrode. However, most often the low frequency earth resistance measurements of grounding electrodes encased in these materials have been considered as the performance indicator. It has been found in this study that the behaviour of materials grossly depends on the applied voltage waveform and repetition of application or duration of the waveform. Time to breakdown in the case of bentonite is considerably smaller than that of cement. Bentonite also shows breakdown in two phases, in the voltage time curve. In cases of both bentonite and dry sand, fulgurites were formed in the application of short duration alternative voltage at 50 Hz. As fulgurites are very high in resistance compared to the original material, the overall resistive and inductive behaviours of the earth electrodes may change in the presence of leakage currents in MV and HV systems.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129826901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344310
Xueyun Ding, Ming-li Chen, Ya-ping Du
Lightning Location Network (LLN) has been used world-widely to report the peak current of a lightning return stroke based on the assumption that the peak current is proportional to the product of the amplitude of lightning-produced electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) and the source distance. However, this assumption is challenged by the data of rocketed-triggered return strokes. In this study, we propose a statistical approach for identifying the effect of earth path on the LEMP amplitude based on the LLN data. With the data from a Chinese regional LLN, it is found that the product of the LEMP amplitude and the source distance might be quite different at different distances for the same lightning stroke. A coefficient reflecting the effect of propagation path on the LEMP amplitude is defined. It is found that this path effect coefficient varied significantly at different distances and directions to a given sensor. Theoretical explanations for these findings are also explored. The findings are helpful to practically the correction of lightning peak current reported by a LLN, and theoretically the understanding of the rules of electromagnetic pulses propagating over the earth surfaces.
{"title":"Study of the effect of propagation path on lightning-produced electromagnetic pulses based on LLN data","authors":"Xueyun Ding, Ming-li Chen, Ya-ping Du","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344310","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning Location Network (LLN) has been used world-widely to report the peak current of a lightning return stroke based on the assumption that the peak current is proportional to the product of the amplitude of lightning-produced electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) and the source distance. However, this assumption is challenged by the data of rocketed-triggered return strokes. In this study, we propose a statistical approach for identifying the effect of earth path on the LEMP amplitude based on the LLN data. With the data from a Chinese regional LLN, it is found that the product of the LEMP amplitude and the source distance might be quite different at different distances for the same lightning stroke. A coefficient reflecting the effect of propagation path on the LEMP amplitude is defined. It is found that this path effect coefficient varied significantly at different distances and directions to a given sensor. Theoretical explanations for these findings are also explored. The findings are helpful to practically the correction of lightning peak current reported by a LLN, and theoretically the understanding of the rules of electromagnetic pulses propagating over the earth surfaces.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126398676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344223
A. Panicali, C. Barbosa
This paper presents the effects of propagation delays and displacement currents in the calculation of currents and voltages induced on metallic cabling inside buildings hit by lightning flashes. Results from numerical calculation, based on a more complete electromagnetic formulation (Method of Moments - MoM) are compared with results from a quasi-stationary approach. It is shown that voltages induced by very fast currents, such as those from subsequent lightning strokes, can be significantly influenced by displacement currents and propagation delays. These effects depend on the cabling geometry and its grounding configuration. In the examples considered in this paper, the induced voltages reached peak values much higher than those calculated by magnetic induction alone, besides exhibiting oscillatory wave forms. The increase in the magnitude and the change of the induced voltage waveform may impact the design of clearance distances and, under specific conditions, may also jeopardize electronic equipment that otherwise would be considered safe based on the quasi-stationary approach.
{"title":"Impulsive voltages induced into internal cabling of buildings hit by lightning","authors":"A. Panicali, C. Barbosa","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344223","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the effects of propagation delays and displacement currents in the calculation of currents and voltages induced on metallic cabling inside buildings hit by lightning flashes. Results from numerical calculation, based on a more complete electromagnetic formulation (Method of Moments - MoM) are compared with results from a quasi-stationary approach. It is shown that voltages induced by very fast currents, such as those from subsequent lightning strokes, can be significantly influenced by displacement currents and propagation delays. These effects depend on the cabling geometry and its grounding configuration. In the examples considered in this paper, the induced voltages reached peak values much higher than those calculated by magnetic induction alone, besides exhibiting oscillatory wave forms. The increase in the magnitude and the change of the induced voltage waveform may impact the design of clearance distances and, under specific conditions, may also jeopardize electronic equipment that otherwise would be considered safe based on the quasi-stationary approach.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"94 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128952621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344316
K. Jayaratne, C. Gomes
Sri Lanka, a tropical island in the Indian Ocean, experiences relatively high density of lightning. The island has a record of lightning research and lightning education programs that dates back to several decades. Lightning research in the country has a number of measurable outcomes; however, there are no indicators to evaluate the success rate of awareness programs. This paper summarizes the activities pertinent to lightning research and education carried out in the country so far and analysis of information gathered during the recent times on public opinion on various critical safety and protection issues. Consequently, based on the outcome of analysis new modalities are proposed for countries with similar lightning density and social structure to launch lightning education programs with success.
{"title":"Public perceptions and lightning safety education in Sri Lanka","authors":"K. Jayaratne, C. Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344316","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka, a tropical island in the Indian Ocean, experiences relatively high density of lightning. The island has a record of lightning research and lightning education programs that dates back to several decades. Lightning research in the country has a number of measurable outcomes; however, there are no indicators to evaluate the success rate of awareness programs. This paper summarizes the activities pertinent to lightning research and education carried out in the country so far and analysis of information gathered during the recent times on public opinion on various critical safety and protection issues. Consequently, based on the outcome of analysis new modalities are proposed for countries with similar lightning density and social structure to launch lightning education programs with success.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117036497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344360
S. Gu, N. Xiang, Jiahong Chen, Hengxin He, Shi-jun Xie, Weijiang Chen
High speed CCD cameras, current measured devices and impulse voltage divider were utilized to investigate the characteristics of rod-rod discharges. The discharge experiments in a 3m rod-rod gap were carried out under positive and negative switching impulse voltage. The characteristics of leaders propagation stimulated by positive voltage were compared with that stimulated by negative voltage. Although with certain similarities, the leaders which energized by different polarity voltage share differences such as the varied process of leader with the time, the length of upward leader, the proportion of upward leader, and the velocity of upward leader. These works have revealed the discharge process of rod-rod air gap more clearly, and are benefit for the study on the discharge mechanisms of the rod-rod discharges.
{"title":"Observation of 3m rod-rod discharges under switching impulse voltage","authors":"S. Gu, N. Xiang, Jiahong Chen, Hengxin He, Shi-jun Xie, Weijiang Chen","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344360","url":null,"abstract":"High speed CCD cameras, current measured devices and impulse voltage divider were utilized to investigate the characteristics of rod-rod discharges. The discharge experiments in a 3m rod-rod gap were carried out under positive and negative switching impulse voltage. The characteristics of leaders propagation stimulated by positive voltage were compared with that stimulated by negative voltage. Although with certain similarities, the leaders which energized by different polarity voltage share differences such as the varied process of leader with the time, the length of upward leader, the proportion of upward leader, and the velocity of upward leader. These works have revealed the discharge process of rod-rod air gap more clearly, and are benefit for the study on the discharge mechanisms of the rod-rod discharges.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124318749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344218
Ronald L. Holle
A wide variety of lightning safety-related studies has been made by the author and colleagues since 2007. The studies involve analyses of large datasets of lightning casualties and flashes, and are oriented toward results that relate to lightning safety. Eight topics have been presented and published at several conferences and venues that may not be readily available. The results for these eight topics will be summarized in the following sections.
{"title":"Recent studies of lightning safety and demographics","authors":"Ronald L. Holle","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344218","url":null,"abstract":"A wide variety of lightning safety-related studies has been made by the author and colleagues since 2007. The studies involve analyses of large datasets of lightning casualties and flashes, and are oriented toward results that relate to lightning safety. Eight topics have been presented and published at several conferences and venues that may not be readily available. The results for these eight topics will be summarized in the following sections.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123346566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344358
E. Bachelier, F. Issac, L. Guibert, W. Quenum, V. Enjablert, L. Mohedano
In 2011, two experiments were carried out on the the SOYUZ and VEGA launching pads in Kourou, French Guyana, in order to verify the lightning protection of the installations, and give the elements needed for the certification of the sites. This paper presents the methodology of the tests and the expertise performed on the sites and which concluded to a good assessment of their lightning protection.
{"title":"Lightning protection of SOYUZ and VEGA launching pads","authors":"E. Bachelier, F. Issac, L. Guibert, W. Quenum, V. Enjablert, L. Mohedano","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344358","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011, two experiments were carried out on the the SOYUZ and VEGA launching pads in Kourou, French Guyana, in order to verify the lightning protection of the installations, and give the elements needed for the certification of the sites. This paper presents the methodology of the tests and the expertise performed on the sites and which concluded to a good assessment of their lightning protection.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344326
V. Bourscheidt, O. Pinto, K. Naccarato
Lightning location systems have evolved over the years in both location accuracy and detection efficiency. For the Brazilian integrated lightning detection network (RINDAT), the mean location accuracy has increased along the years as the network was expanded and the performance and sensibility were being improved. With the improved location accuracy, accurate and reliable high-resolution lightning distribution maps may be obtained. These maps might then be used to give a better understanding of the lightning distribution and its physical basis. In this paper we analyze the terrain effects in a microscale perspective, using eleven years (1999 to 2009) of data from the RINDAT network to produce the high-resolution maps. These maps are accomplished by a thunderstorm initiation analysis based on the lightning data. The results indicate some interesting elevation effects on the lightning distribution, especially over (isolated) mountains near Sao Paulo and Belo Horizonte and along the coastline of Sao Paulo, which might be related to local storms thermodynamic and/or channel attachment processes.
{"title":"High resolution lightning density maps to study elevation effects at microscale","authors":"V. Bourscheidt, O. Pinto, K. Naccarato","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344326","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning location systems have evolved over the years in both location accuracy and detection efficiency. For the Brazilian integrated lightning detection network (RINDAT), the mean location accuracy has increased along the years as the network was expanded and the performance and sensibility were being improved. With the improved location accuracy, accurate and reliable high-resolution lightning distribution maps may be obtained. These maps might then be used to give a better understanding of the lightning distribution and its physical basis. In this paper we analyze the terrain effects in a microscale perspective, using eleven years (1999 to 2009) of data from the RINDAT network to produce the high-resolution maps. These maps are accomplished by a thunderstorm initiation analysis based on the lightning data. The results indicate some interesting elevation effects on the lightning distribution, especially over (isolated) mountains near Sao Paulo and Belo Horizonte and along the coastline of Sao Paulo, which might be related to local storms thermodynamic and/or channel attachment processes.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124041407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344357
R. Blumenthal
The medico-legal investigation of lightning-associated deaths has been reconsidered and revised. Two aspects - `mechanism of lightning strike' and `mechanism of lightning death' - will be addressed in this paper. By determining these two `mechanisms', the forensic investigation of fatal lightning-strike victims will be taken further. The reconsidered and revised guidelines advocate a more refined and multi-disciplinary approach, which will hopefully feedback directly into the community with regard to lightning safety and lightning protection.
{"title":"The forensic investigation of fatal lightning strike victims reconsidered and revised","authors":"R. Blumenthal","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344357","url":null,"abstract":"The medico-legal investigation of lightning-associated deaths has been reconsidered and revised. Two aspects - `mechanism of lightning strike' and `mechanism of lightning death' - will be addressed in this paper. By determining these two `mechanisms', the forensic investigation of fatal lightning-strike victims will be taken further. The reconsidered and revised guidelines advocate a more refined and multi-disciplinary approach, which will hopefully feedback directly into the community with regard to lightning safety and lightning protection.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117125601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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