Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2024.7.1.0015
Amina Catherine Ijiga, Ehi Peace, Idoko Peter Idoko, Daniel Obekpa Agbo, Kimberly D. Harry, Chijioke Ifakandu Ezebuka, Esther Ene Umama
This review paper critically examines the ethical considerations involved in implementing generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare supply chain optimization across three distinct regions: India, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The study synthesizes findings from various case studies and academic research to highlight both common and unique ethical challenges faced in these countries. Key themes such as data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and equitable access to AI-driven healthcare solutions are explored, alongside the unique socio-cultural, legal, and regulatory challenges specific to each region. The paper proposes a set of best practices for incorporating ethical considerations into the deployment of generative AI in healthcare. These include the development of inclusive ethical frameworks, regular ethical audits, comprehensive training and education programs, public engagement initiatives, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The paper also delves into future research directions and policy development, emphasizing the need to address healthcare disparities, adapt legal and regulatory frameworks, enhance generative AI explainability, and evaluate long-term outcomes.The study concludes by underscoring the importance of ethical design and deployment of generative AI systems in healthcare, advocating for a balanced approach that aligns technological advancements with ethical standards and global healthcare needs. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the discourse on ethical generative AI implementation, offering insights and recommendations for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and generative AI developers to foster responsible and beneficial use of generative AI in healthcare globally.
{"title":"Ethical considerations in implementing generative AI for healthcare supply chain optimization: A cross-country analysis across India, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America","authors":"Amina Catherine Ijiga, Ehi Peace, Idoko Peter Idoko, Daniel Obekpa Agbo, Kimberly D. Harry, Chijioke Ifakandu Ezebuka, Esther Ene Umama","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2024.7.1.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2024.7.1.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper critically examines the ethical considerations involved in implementing generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare supply chain optimization across three distinct regions: India, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The study synthesizes findings from various case studies and academic research to highlight both common and unique ethical challenges faced in these countries. Key themes such as data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and equitable access to AI-driven healthcare solutions are explored, alongside the unique socio-cultural, legal, and regulatory challenges specific to each region. The paper proposes a set of best practices for incorporating ethical considerations into the deployment of generative AI in healthcare. These include the development of inclusive ethical frameworks, regular ethical audits, comprehensive training and education programs, public engagement initiatives, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The paper also delves into future research directions and policy development, emphasizing the need to address healthcare disparities, adapt legal and regulatory frameworks, enhance generative AI explainability, and evaluate long-term outcomes.The study concludes by underscoring the importance of ethical design and deployment of generative AI systems in healthcare, advocating for a balanced approach that aligns technological advancements with ethical standards and global healthcare needs. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the discourse on ethical generative AI implementation, offering insights and recommendations for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and generative AI developers to foster responsible and beneficial use of generative AI in healthcare globally.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"22 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hylocereus undatus, commonly known as dragon fruit, is one of the most popular exotic fruits due to its high quality and market value. This fruit is facing different constraints, such as loss of seed viability and various diseases that affect production because the seed and cutting methods are followed to create a new generation. In vitro plant regeneration is a promising technique to overcome these barriers with explants. An efficiency of this protocol was established in dragon fruit using MS + 2.0 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L Kin. with explants, stem fraction. Eighty percent explants were responded for shoot initiation treated with 2.0 mg/L BAP in combination with 2 mg/L Kin. The highest number of shoots and the maximum shoot lengths were observed in this medium inoculation after 90 days. Shoots were transferred to media containing ½ strength of MS with root induced PGRs. Ninety percent of the in vitro raised shoots were responded for rooting treated with 2.5 mg/L IBA inoculation after 30 days. The highest number of roots and the maximum root lengths were recorded at 2.5 mg/L IBA. The response of inoculated explants or in vitro raised shoots were positively correlated with the number of shoots and roots respectively. The average shoot and root lengths were negatively correlated with each other resulting in root lengths increasing by decrease of shoot lengths. The healthy shoots with well rooted plantlets were transferred to natural condition where about 80% plantlets were found to be acclimatized.
火龙果（Hylocereus undatus）俗称 "火龙果"，因其高品质和市场价值而成为最受欢迎的外来水果之一。这种水果正面临着不同的制约因素，如种子活力丧失和各种病害，这些都会影响产量，因为要创造新一代，必须采用播种和扦插方法。体外植物再生是利用外植体克服这些障碍的一项很有前途的技术。在火龙果中使用 MS + 2.0 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L Kin.80% 的外植体在 2.0 毫克/升 BAP 和 2 毫克/升 Kin 的联合作用下萌发了新芽。90 天后，在这种培养基中接种的芽数量最多，芽长度最大。芽被转移到含有 1/2强度 MS 和根诱导 PGRs 的培养基上。经 2.5 mg/L IBA 接种处理的离体培养芽在 30 天后有 90%生根。2.5 毫克/升 IBA 的生根数量最多，根长最大。接种外植体或离体培养芽的反应分别与芽和根的数量呈正相关。芽和根的平均长度呈负相关，导致根的长度随着芽长度的减少而增加。将生根良好的健康幼芽转移到自然条件下，发现约有 80% 的幼苗适应了自然条件。
{"title":"In vitro regeneration of exotic fruit dragon (Hylocereus undatus) from stem fraction","authors":"M.H. Kabir, Md. Monirul Islam, Pronabananda Das, ANK Mamun","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2024.7.1.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2024.7.1.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Hylocereus undatus, commonly known as dragon fruit, is one of the most popular exotic fruits due to its high quality and market value. This fruit is facing different constraints, such as loss of seed viability and various diseases that affect production because the seed and cutting methods are followed to create a new generation. In vitro plant regeneration is a promising technique to overcome these barriers with explants. An efficiency of this protocol was established in dragon fruit using MS + 2.0 mg/L BA + 2.0 mg/L Kin. with explants, stem fraction. Eighty percent explants were responded for shoot initiation treated with 2.0 mg/L BAP in combination with 2 mg/L Kin. The highest number of shoots and the maximum shoot lengths were observed in this medium inoculation after 90 days. Shoots were transferred to media containing ½ strength of MS with root induced PGRs. Ninety percent of the in vitro raised shoots were responded for rooting treated with 2.5 mg/L IBA inoculation after 30 days. The highest number of roots and the maximum root lengths were recorded at 2.5 mg/L IBA. The response of inoculated explants or in vitro raised shoots were positively correlated with the number of shoots and roots respectively. The average shoot and root lengths were negatively correlated with each other resulting in root lengths increasing by decrease of shoot lengths. The healthy shoots with well rooted plantlets were transferred to natural condition where about 80% plantlets were found to be acclimatized.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The hepatoprotective effect of Detarium senegalense ethanol stem bark extract was evaluated against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Material and methods: The ethanol stem bark extract of D. senegalense at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were orally administered once daily for 3 days.The liver function tests and biochemical investigation such as asparte transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin were carried out against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytochemical investigation was performed to find active constituents of the plant extracts by the different phytochemical tests. Results: Pre-treatment with the ethanol stem bark extract significantly prevented the biochemical, histological, and changes induced by paracetamol in the liver. The extract showed significant hepatoprotective effects as evidenced by decreased serum enzyme activities such as AST, ALT,, ALP, TB and DB which was supported by histopatological assessment of the liver.The ethanol stem bark extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity comparable with silymarin, the standard drug as well as hepatotoxin agent, paracetamol. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, resins and balsam. Conclusion: The results of this study strongly show that ethanol stem bark extract of Detarium senegalense possess a potent hepatotoxicity activity against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Detarium senegalense stem bark in albino Wistar","authors":"Umoke Chukwunalu Igbudu, Akuodor Godwin Christian, Okam Princeston Chukwuemeka, Okposhi Festus Toochukwu, Anele Donatus Onyebuchi, Onwe Kenneth Tochukwu, Nwokike Matthew Onyemaechi, Okoli Nnaemeka JC","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2024.7.1.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2024.7.1.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The hepatoprotective effect of Detarium senegalense ethanol stem bark extract was evaluated against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Material and methods: The ethanol stem bark extract of D. senegalense at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were orally administered once daily for 3 days.The liver function tests and biochemical investigation such as asparte transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin were carried out against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytochemical investigation was performed to find active constituents of the plant extracts by the different phytochemical tests. Results: Pre-treatment with the ethanol stem bark extract significantly prevented the biochemical, histological, and changes induced by paracetamol in the liver. The extract showed significant hepatoprotective effects as evidenced by decreased serum enzyme activities such as AST, ALT,, ALP, TB and DB which was supported by histopatological assessment of the liver.The ethanol stem bark extract exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity comparable with silymarin, the standard drug as well as hepatotoxin agent, paracetamol. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, resins and balsam. Conclusion: The results of this study strongly show that ethanol stem bark extract of Detarium senegalense possess a potent hepatotoxicity activity against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"20 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The species chosen for this study is sweet mint, Mentha spicata L, harvested in the wilaya of El Bayadh in Algeria. The aim of this work is to highlight the plant's identification criteria, its yield in essential oil, the various physico-chemical parameters and the composition of the essential oil using different techniques (determination of several chemical indices and establishment of the list of constituents of the essential oil using chromatographic methods). The botanical study showed the presence of two types of "Lamiaceae" type secretory hairs. These secretory hairs are the histological support for the production and storage of essential oils. A study of the kinetics of the extraction yield shows that distillation is rapid from 0 to 120 minutes, when the yield reaches an optimum (1.08%). The organoleptic characteristics and physico-chemical indices obtained are in line with the standards given in the bibliography. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of several constituents through the appearance of several spots of different colour and Rf, three of which were identified by comparison with controls, namely menthol, cineol and carvone.
本研究选择的品种是甜薄荷（Mentha spicata L），采自阿尔及利亚的巴亚德省（wilaya of El Bayadh）。这项工作的目的是强调该植物的鉴定标准、其精油产量、各种理化参数以及使用不同技术的精油成分（使用色谱法确定几种化学指数和建立精油成分清单）。植物学研究显示存在两种 "腊梅科 "类型的分泌毛。这些分泌毛是精油生产和储存的组织学支持。对萃取率动力学的研究表明，从 0 到 120 分钟的蒸馏过程是快速的，此时萃取率达到最佳状态（1.08%）。获得的感官特征和理化指标符合参考文献中给出的标准。薄层色谱法通过出现不同颜色和 Rf 的斑点显示出多种成分的存在，通过与对照组比较，确定了其中三种成分，即薄荷醇、茶酚和香芹酮。
{"title":"Physicochemical characteristics and thin layer chromatography of the essential oil of spearmint: Mentha spicata L, from western Algeria","authors":"Bachir Nabti, Meriem Yasmine KELLOU, Djamel Boukhalfa","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0114","url":null,"abstract":"The species chosen for this study is sweet mint, Mentha spicata L, harvested in the wilaya of El Bayadh in Algeria. The aim of this work is to highlight the plant's identification criteria, its yield in essential oil, the various physico-chemical parameters and the composition of the essential oil using different techniques (determination of several chemical indices and establishment of the list of constituents of the essential oil using chromatographic methods). The botanical study showed the presence of two types of \"Lamiaceae\" type secretory hairs. These secretory hairs are the histological support for the production and storage of essential oils. A study of the kinetics of the extraction yield shows that distillation is rapid from 0 to 120 minutes, when the yield reaches an optimum (1.08%). The organoleptic characteristics and physico-chemical indices obtained are in line with the standards given in the bibliography. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of several constituents through the appearance of several spots of different colour and Rf, three of which were identified by comparison with controls, namely menthol, cineol and carvone.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0119
Satish S, Fathima Shabna, Ramakrishna Shabaraya A.
Home Medicines Review (HMR) is a health care service aimed to address various home medication management (HMM) issues which includes multiple services like maximizing knowledge regarding disease and its management, resolving drug-related problems and improving adherence to therapy. HMM issues are highly prevalent in geriatric patients owing to their chronic diseases like hypertension. The main objective of the study was to assess the impact of HMR in hypertensive geriatric patients in Dakshina Kannada. The study included 50 subjects of either gender over the course of 6 months on resolving patient DRP. The PCNE V9.01 was utilised for the purpose of identifying and categorizing the DRP. 78% had atleast one DRPs in their daily medication list. Pre-intervention study included pharmacist's interventions by oral counselling. Intervention was given at patient level only including lifestyle modifications, better medication practices wherever applicable. Patients requiring dosage adjustments, dosing schedule changes or an alternative drug therapy were referred to the prescriber. During post-intervention analysis out of the total 58 DRPs, 30 were resolved and 28 were not resolved as the study subjects did not see the physicians. Out of 39 interventions given 16 were accepted by the physician and appropriate decisions were made. This indicates a positive attitude towards intervention given by pharmacists. Conclusion: Home medication reviews proved to be an effective strategy in resolving DRPs among geriatric hypertensive patients in a community setting. This study highlights the importance of incorporating comprehensive medication management strategies into the care of older adults with chronic conditions, contributing to enhanced patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impact and cost-effectiveness of such interventions.
{"title":"Assessing the efficacy of home medication review in resolving drug-related problems in geriatric hypertensive patients: A community-based study","authors":"Satish S, Fathima Shabna, Ramakrishna Shabaraya A.","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0119","url":null,"abstract":"Home Medicines Review (HMR) is a health care service aimed to address various home medication management (HMM) issues which includes multiple services like maximizing knowledge regarding disease and its management, resolving drug-related problems and improving adherence to therapy. HMM issues are highly prevalent in geriatric patients owing to their chronic diseases like hypertension. The main objective of the study was to assess the impact of HMR in hypertensive geriatric patients in Dakshina Kannada. The study included 50 subjects of either gender over the course of 6 months on resolving patient DRP. The PCNE V9.01 was utilised for the purpose of identifying and categorizing the DRP. 78% had atleast one DRPs in their daily medication list. Pre-intervention study included pharmacist's interventions by oral counselling. Intervention was given at patient level only including lifestyle modifications, better medication practices wherever applicable. Patients requiring dosage adjustments, dosing schedule changes or an alternative drug therapy were referred to the prescriber. During post-intervention analysis out of the total 58 DRPs, 30 were resolved and 28 were not resolved as the study subjects did not see the physicians. Out of 39 interventions given 16 were accepted by the physician and appropriate decisions were made. This indicates a positive attitude towards intervention given by pharmacists. Conclusion: Home medication reviews proved to be an effective strategy in resolving DRPs among geriatric hypertensive patients in a community setting. This study highlights the importance of incorporating comprehensive medication management strategies into the care of older adults with chronic conditions, contributing to enhanced patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impact and cost-effectiveness of such interventions.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0116
ZULEKA AMBRIN, K VINEETHA, A R SHABARAYA
The illicit use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to achieve intoxication, commonly referred to as "pharmaceutical highs," has emerged as a significant public health concern in recent years. The article begins by examining the reasons behind the illicit use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, including the desire for euphoria, relaxation, enhanced cognitive performance, and self-medication for various psychological and physical conditions. It highlights the accessibility and perceived safety of these substances, as well as the influence of social and peer factors, as contributing factors to their misuse. To provide a comprehensive understanding, the review covers a wide range of prescription medicines such as quetiapine, gabapentinoids, Z-drugs, bupropion, venlafaxine, and over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide, dextromethorphan, benzydamine, promethazine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine and hyoscine butylbromide,codeine that have emerged as misused and diverted, or already described through the literature, as well as recorded by drug users through online websites reporting new trends and experimentations of drug abuse. It explores the pharmacological effects of these substances and their potential for abuse, dependence, and overdose. Additionally, it discusses the dangers of polydrug use, as individuals often combine multiple substances to potentiate their desired effects. Overall, Healthcare professionals should be aware of potential prescription drugs diversion, recognize misuse cases, consider the possibility of polydrug misuse, and prevent it where possible. Pharmacists can play a key role in preventing and reducing drug abuse and should be involved in evidence-based actions to detect, understand and prevent drug diversion activities and the adverse effects of drug-misuse.
{"title":"Pharmacist’s role in preventing drug abuse: A comprehensive review of illicit use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs for euphoric effects","authors":"ZULEKA AMBRIN, K VINEETHA, A R SHABARAYA","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0116","url":null,"abstract":"The illicit use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to achieve intoxication, commonly referred to as \"pharmaceutical highs,\" has emerged as a significant public health concern in recent years. The article begins by examining the reasons behind the illicit use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, including the desire for euphoria, relaxation, enhanced cognitive performance, and self-medication for various psychological and physical conditions. It highlights the accessibility and perceived safety of these substances, as well as the influence of social and peer factors, as contributing factors to their misuse. To provide a comprehensive understanding, the review covers a wide range of prescription medicines such as quetiapine, gabapentinoids, Z-drugs, bupropion, venlafaxine, and over-the-counter medicines such as loperamide, dextromethorphan, benzydamine, promethazine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine and hyoscine butylbromide,codeine that have emerged as misused and diverted, or already described through the literature, as well as recorded by drug users through online websites reporting new trends and experimentations of drug abuse. It explores the pharmacological effects of these substances and their potential for abuse, dependence, and overdose. Additionally, it discusses the dangers of polydrug use, as individuals often combine multiple substances to potentiate their desired effects. Overall, Healthcare professionals should be aware of potential prescription drugs diversion, recognize misuse cases, consider the possibility of polydrug misuse, and prevent it where possible. Pharmacists can play a key role in preventing and reducing drug abuse and should be involved in evidence-based actions to detect, understand and prevent drug diversion activities and the adverse effects of drug-misuse.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":" 64","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0118
Jairam K V, Ajitha K, Anandalakshmy K N, Pradeep K, Abhilash M
The main component of the human body are water, protein, carbohydrates, fat and minerals which is obtained from the food. The proportion of these components may vary according to the age, sex and states of nutrition etc. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water are some of the important nutrients that make up food as a source of bio-energy. Ahara and the way it is consumed both carry identical values in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic philosophies clearly reflect the historical, empirical, and aesthetic part of Ahara Vidhi (Dietetics) and consider Ahara as Mahabhaishajya. Ingested food is bio-transformed into body entities. If food possess qualities opposite to body entities, such food keeps these body entities ill nourished. In recent times, due to the changes in life style which remarkably altering the diet pattern of an individual. As a result, one’s condition becomes so difficult that he/she is unable to take food as per his/her requisites. This paved the way to carry out a review on Asta Ahara vidhi visesayatana- eight factors which determine the outcome of various types of food in the current scenario.
{"title":"Methods to maintain a healthy life through ayurvedic dietetics namely Ahara Vidhi Visesayatana in the current scenario","authors":"Jairam K V, Ajitha K, Anandalakshmy K N, Pradeep K, Abhilash M","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0118","url":null,"abstract":"The main component of the human body are water, protein, carbohydrates, fat and minerals which is obtained from the food. The proportion of these components may vary according to the age, sex and states of nutrition etc. Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water are some of the important nutrients that make up food as a source of bio-energy. Ahara and the way it is consumed both carry identical values in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic philosophies clearly reflect the historical, empirical, and aesthetic part of Ahara Vidhi (Dietetics) and consider Ahara as Mahabhaishajya. Ingested food is bio-transformed into body entities. If food possess qualities opposite to body entities, such food keeps these body entities ill nourished. In recent times, due to the changes in life style which remarkably altering the diet pattern of an individual. As a result, one’s condition becomes so difficult that he/she is unable to take food as per his/her requisites. This paved the way to carry out a review on Asta Ahara vidhi visesayatana- eight factors which determine the outcome of various types of food in the current scenario.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":" March","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0100
Priya R. Iyer, Kavyaja Mouri Bethapudi
Vegetable waste oil consists of long chain triglycerides (LCTs). Waste oil from the kitchen causes clogging of the pipe as they solidify while passing from the kitchen. The waste with oil in the garbage will be drained into the ground and then into ground water which will lead to pollution of the ground water. Lipase is an enzyme used to break down the triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in triglycerides. Bacteria Lipase is isolated from copra (Cocos nucifera L.) cake. The isolated bacteria were identified by the biochemical characterization and was sequenced by 16sRNA. The lipase production by the bacteria was identified by tween 80. The enzyme activity was identified by titrimetric method. Enzyme was extracted by salting out method and was partially purified by the SDS – PAGE.
{"title":"Isolation of bacteria producing lipase from copra (Cocos nucifera l.) Cake for degradation of vegetable waste oils","authors":"Priya R. Iyer, Kavyaja Mouri Bethapudi","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0100","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable waste oil consists of long chain triglycerides (LCTs). Waste oil from the kitchen causes clogging of the pipe as they solidify while passing from the kitchen. The waste with oil in the garbage will be drained into the ground and then into ground water which will lead to pollution of the ground water. Lipase is an enzyme used to break down the triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the ester bonds in triglycerides. Bacteria Lipase is isolated from copra (Cocos nucifera L.) cake. The isolated bacteria were identified by the biochemical characterization and was sequenced by 16sRNA. The lipase production by the bacteria was identified by tween 80. The enzyme activity was identified by titrimetric method. Enzyme was extracted by salting out method and was partially purified by the SDS – PAGE.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"65 9-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139206859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0105
None Prince Ezenwa Ndubueze Onyemachi
Background: Childhood immunization almost guarantees protection from many major diseases, it is widely considered to be ‘overwhelmingly good’ by the scientific community. It averts an estimated 2.5 million deaths per year in all age groups from vaccine preventable diseases (VPD). Objective: To determine the knowledge of childhood immunization among mothers in Umueze in OsisiomaNgwa Local Government Area (LGA). Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study performed in Umueze Community in OsisiomaNgwa (LGA) in, Abia State, Nigeria. Self/interviewer questionnaires were administered to 480 women for the study. The collected data were cleaned, coded and entered into SPSS version 26 for analysis, Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with maternal knowledge. Result: A total of 480 women selected with a non-response rate of 30 (6.3%). Mean age was 35 ± 7.246. Majority of mothers 264 (58.7%) got information on immunization from health workers. Majority of mothers 300 (66.7%) believed that immunization is important. Three hundred and seventy (82.0%) believed that there was a benefit of immunization, 360 (80.0%) believed that immunization was free, 350 (77.8%) believed that lack of centres was the cause of reduced child immunization, 370 (82.2%) started immunizing their children after birth, 245 (54.4%) mothers gave their children all the immunization and 235 (54.7%) knew route of administration of BCG, while 355 (78.9%) women had good knowledge of immunization. Mothers who attended primary schools and above (AOR; 5.210 p = 0.002), married mothers (AOR; 4.224, p =0.03) Mothers age ≤ 35 years (AOR; 2.415 p = 0.001were statistically associated with maternal knowledgeable of immunization. Christian mothers (2.309, p = 0.12) were not statistically associated with maternal knowledge of immunization. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge of immunization is very important in immunization services.
背景:儿童免疫几乎保证了对许多重大疾病的保护，它被科学界广泛认为是“绝对有益的”。它每年可避免所有年龄组约250万人死于疫苗可预防疾病(VPD)。目的:了解奥西马曼格瓦地方政府区乌穆韦泽地区母亲对儿童免疫知识的了解情况。方法和材料:在尼日利亚阿比亚州奥西omangwa (LGA)的Umueze社区进行了一项横断面研究。研究人员对480名女性进行了自我/访谈问卷调查。对收集到的数据进行清洗、编码并输入SPSS 26进行分析，进行二元logistic回归分析，找出与孕产妇知识有显著相关性的变量。结果:共入选480例，无应答率30例(6.3%)。平均年龄35±7.246岁。大多数母亲264人(58.7%)从卫生工作者那里获得了免疫信息。300名母亲中的大多数(66.7%)认为免疫接种很重要。370人(82.0%)认为免疫有好处，360人(80.0%)认为免疫是免费的，350人(77.8%)认为缺乏接种中心是导致儿童免疫减少的原因，370人(82.2%)在出生后开始给孩子接种免疫，245人(54.4%)的母亲给孩子接种了全部免疫，235人(54.7%)知道卡介苗的接种途径，355人(78.9%)的妇女对免疫有良好的了解。小学及以上学历的母亲;5.210 p = 0.002)，已婚母亲(AOR;4.224, p =0.03)母亲年龄≤35岁(AOR;2.415 p = 0.001与孕产妇免疫知识相关。基督教母亲(2.309,p = 0.12)与母亲免疫知识无统计学相关性。结论:孕产妇免疫知识在免疫服务中起着重要作用。
{"title":"Knowledge of childhood immunization among mothers in Umueze in 0sisioma Ngwa local government area of Abia State","authors":"None Prince Ezenwa Ndubueze Onyemachi","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood immunization almost guarantees protection from many major diseases, it is widely considered to be ‘overwhelmingly good’ by the scientific community. It averts an estimated 2.5 million deaths per year in all age groups from vaccine preventable diseases (VPD). Objective: To determine the knowledge of childhood immunization among mothers in Umueze in OsisiomaNgwa Local Government Area (LGA). Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study performed in Umueze Community in OsisiomaNgwa (LGA) in, Abia State, Nigeria. Self/interviewer questionnaires were administered to 480 women for the study. The collected data were cleaned, coded and entered into SPSS version 26 for analysis, Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with maternal knowledge. Result: A total of 480 women selected with a non-response rate of 30 (6.3%). Mean age was 35 ± 7.246. Majority of mothers 264 (58.7%) got information on immunization from health workers. Majority of mothers 300 (66.7%) believed that immunization is important. Three hundred and seventy (82.0%) believed that there was a benefit of immunization, 360 (80.0%) believed that immunization was free, 350 (77.8%) believed that lack of centres was the cause of reduced child immunization, 370 (82.2%) started immunizing their children after birth, 245 (54.4%) mothers gave their children all the immunization and 235 (54.7%) knew route of administration of BCG, while 355 (78.9%) women had good knowledge of immunization. Mothers who attended primary schools and above (AOR; 5.210 p = 0.002), married mothers (AOR; 4.224, p =0.03) Mothers age ≤ 35 years (AOR; 2.415 p = 0.001were statistically associated with maternal knowledgeable of immunization. Christian mothers (2.309, p = 0.12) were not statistically associated with maternal knowledge of immunization. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge of immunization is very important in immunization services.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"40 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136227844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0099
K.W. Bunonyo, L. Ebiwareme
This research deals with the mathematical formulation that mimics the oral administration of drug intake into the stomach and the therapeutic effect of temperature increases. We solved the formulated ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the Laplace method, and the numerical simulation was carried out using Wolfram Mathematica by varying the thermal conductivity and the treatment terms and studying the significant role they play in eliminating the drug from the human body. The study showed that the pertinent parameters influence the drug concentration in the stomach compartment under the influence of temperature. In conclusion, with the help of this simple model, researchers should be able to better understand oral drug administration and provide reliable and appropriate care to patients.
{"title":"Mathematical Modelling of the Oral Administration of Drugs into the Stomach and the Treatment Effect with the Influence of Temperature","authors":"K.W. Bunonyo, L. Ebiwareme","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0099","url":null,"abstract":"This research deals with the mathematical formulation that mimics the oral administration of drug intake into the stomach and the therapeutic effect of temperature increases. We solved the formulated ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the Laplace method, and the numerical simulation was carried out using Wolfram Mathematica by varying the thermal conductivity and the treatment terms and studying the significant role they play in eliminating the drug from the human body. The study showed that the pertinent parameters influence the drug concentration in the stomach compartment under the influence of temperature. In conclusion, with the help of this simple model, researchers should be able to better understand oral drug administration and provide reliable and appropriate care to patients.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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