Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0104
R. B. Malabadi, MR Sadiya, K. P. Kolkar, R. Chalannavar
This review paper highlights the production of biodiesel from different plant based feedstocks via the transesterification process. Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, environment-friendly and an economically feasible option to tackle the depleting fossil fuels and its negative environmental impact. Biodiesel in general possess higher kinematic viscosity and density than conventional diesel. However, because of food security concerns, the use of edible oil in biodiesel production is criticized globally. Non-edible plant oils, waste cooking oils, and edible oil industry byproducts are suggested as effective biodiesel feedstocks because nonedible feedstock does not compete with food from human consumption. High-potential second-generation feedstock for biodiesel production uses waist cooking oil, acid oil, and animal tallow. Non edible crops in India as a feedstock for biodiesel production are yellow oleander oil (Cascabela thevetia), Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata), Jatropha curcas, Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi), Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Karanja (Millettia pinnata), Castor (Ricinus communis), Polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum L), Cotton (Gossypium), Kusum (Carthamus tinctorius), Yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia), Sea mango (Cerbera odollam), Tung (Vernicia fordii), and Bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris). Biodiesel is a sustainable liquid bio-energy resource that might be used to replace diesel fuel. Despite having numerous advantages over conventional diesel, the biodiesel industry is still struggling in India because of various reasons and challenges like availability, high feedstock pricing, operational hurdles, and supply-chain management challenges.
{"title":"Biodiesel production: An updated review of evidence","authors":"R. B. Malabadi, MR Sadiya, K. P. Kolkar, R. Chalannavar","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0104","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper highlights the production of biodiesel from different plant based feedstocks via the transesterification process. Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, environment-friendly and an economically feasible option to tackle the depleting fossil fuels and its negative environmental impact. Biodiesel in general possess higher kinematic viscosity and density than conventional diesel. However, because of food security concerns, the use of edible oil in biodiesel production is criticized globally. Non-edible plant oils, waste cooking oils, and edible oil industry byproducts are suggested as effective biodiesel feedstocks because nonedible feedstock does not compete with food from human consumption. High-potential second-generation feedstock for biodiesel production uses waist cooking oil, acid oil, and animal tallow. Non edible crops in India as a feedstock for biodiesel production are yellow oleander oil (Cascabela thevetia), Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata), Jatropha curcas, Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), Candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi), Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Karanja (Millettia pinnata), Castor (Ricinus communis), Polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum L), Cotton (Gossypium), Kusum (Carthamus tinctorius), Yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia), Sea mango (Cerbera odollam), Tung (Vernicia fordii), and Bottle tree (Brachychiton rupestris). Biodiesel is a sustainable liquid bio-energy resource that might be used to replace diesel fuel. Despite having numerous advantages over conventional diesel, the biodiesel industry is still struggling in India because of various reasons and challenges like availability, high feedstock pricing, operational hurdles, and supply-chain management challenges.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"66 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve maternity care services in the Republic, monitoring was conducted in three areas: antenatal, obstetric, and neonatal. As a result of identified monitoring deficiencies, districts were regionalized, and a three-tiered organizational structure for the maternal and child health protection system was introduced. Material and technical resources were strengthened at all service levels in line with healthcare reform, leading to improved quality of services during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.
{"title":"Improvement of indicators characterizing the health status of mothers. Establishment of perinatal centers throughout the Azerbaijan Republic.","authors":"None Gurbanova Jamila Fazil, None Rzaуeva Lala Arsalan, None Mamedzade Gulnara Tudjar, None Hasanova Afat Sadig, None Mustafayeva Kamala Arif","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0088","url":null,"abstract":"To improve maternity care services in the Republic, monitoring was conducted in three areas: antenatal, obstetric, and neonatal. As a result of identified monitoring deficiencies, districts were regionalized, and a three-tiered organizational structure for the maternal and child health protection system was introduced. Material and technical resources were strengthened at all service levels in line with healthcare reform, leading to improved quality of services during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"40 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136227843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0067
Ballah Ikurhyel Ay, William Istifanus, Ezekiel Iliya, Liman Tertsegha Imo, Rimamnyang C. Mamtara, Ahima Marvin
Background & Objective: Helminths have plagued humans since the era of our earliest recorded history. A large part of the world's population are infected with one or more of helminthes infection (WHO, 2016). Helminthes are endemic and have been a major problem in rural settlements in Nigeria this is as a result of poor socio- economic status and lack of basic amenities such as pipe borne water and other sanitary facilities (Okon and Okun, 2001). They also have detrimental effects on animal survival (Silva et al., 2009) and these parasites have the potential of being transmitted to human (Batchelor et al., 2008). To provide information on the prevalence, intensity and predisposing factors of intestinal helminth among School-aged children in relation to their age and gender in Fufore. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth and the predisposing factors in Fofure LGA of Adamawa State between October and November 2022 where five Schools were sampled for the study. 300 Students between the ages 0-15 years were randomly selected and grouped into three age groups (0-5, 6-10, 11-15). 300 stool samples were obtained from the students and examined. Each were issued a structured questionnaire so as to obtain their demographic characteristics and to examine the possible risk factors associated with this infection. Result: out of the 300 Students examined, 17(5.7%) were positive for intestinal helminth and the Males (6.7%) had significantly higher prevalence (P < 0.05) than the Females (4.4%). In respect to age, the age group 0-5 (11.5%) were significantly more infected (P < 0.05) followed by the age group 6-10 (7.9%) than the extreme age group 11-15 (1.5%) examined. Three parasites namely Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichiuris trichiura were recovered. The most common of these parasites were Schistosoma mansoni and Ascaris lumbricoides which occurred in high intensity in most of the positive samples. Interpretation and Conclusion: The result of this study revealed that, poverty, ignorance, socio-cultural practice, poor hygienic practices, inadequate sanitary/ toiletry facility to be the driving forces of this infection in the study area. Intervention needed to curtail the effect and further transmission of this infection include; massive treating and health education, provision of portable drinking water and provision of good sanitary/ toilet facility.
{"title":"Intestinal helminth and the predisposing factors in Fufore LGA of Adamawa state","authors":"Ballah Ikurhyel Ay, William Istifanus, Ezekiel Iliya, Liman Tertsegha Imo, Rimamnyang C. Mamtara, Ahima Marvin","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0067","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objective: Helminths have plagued humans since the era of our earliest recorded history. A large part of the world's population are infected with one or more of helminthes infection (WHO, 2016). Helminthes are endemic and have been a major problem in rural settlements in Nigeria this is as a result of poor socio- economic status and lack of basic amenities such as pipe borne water and other sanitary facilities (Okon and Okun, 2001). They also have detrimental effects on animal survival (Silva et al., 2009) and these parasites have the potential of being transmitted to human (Batchelor et al., 2008). To provide information on the prevalence, intensity and predisposing factors of intestinal helminth among School-aged children in relation to their age and gender in Fufore. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth and the predisposing factors in Fofure LGA of Adamawa State between October and November 2022 where five Schools were sampled for the study. 300 Students between the ages 0-15 years were randomly selected and grouped into three age groups (0-5, 6-10, 11-15). 300 stool samples were obtained from the students and examined. Each were issued a structured questionnaire so as to obtain their demographic characteristics and to examine the possible risk factors associated with this infection. Result: out of the 300 Students examined, 17(5.7%) were positive for intestinal helminth and the Males (6.7%) had significantly higher prevalence (P < 0.05) than the Females (4.4%). In respect to age, the age group 0-5 (11.5%) were significantly more infected (P < 0.05) followed by the age group 6-10 (7.9%) than the extreme age group 11-15 (1.5%) examined. Three parasites namely Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichiuris trichiura were recovered. The most common of these parasites were Schistosoma mansoni and Ascaris lumbricoides which occurred in high intensity in most of the positive samples. Interpretation and Conclusion: The result of this study revealed that, poverty, ignorance, socio-cultural practice, poor hygienic practices, inadequate sanitary/ toiletry facility to be the driving forces of this infection in the study area. Intervention needed to curtail the effect and further transmission of this infection include; massive treating and health education, provision of portable drinking water and provision of good sanitary/ toilet facility.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0108
I. Onyekpa, Livinus Nnanyereugo, Ifeanyi Johnson Onah, Onyekpa, B. Odugu
Background: Hysterectomy is a major and one of the commonest gynaecological procedures performed by gynaecologists, world over. It is the surgical removal of the uterus either through the vagina or an abdominal incision. Being such a major procedure in gynaecological practice with consequences on reproduction and sexual performance, we undertook this audit in the private hospital to review its prevalence, indication and outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the indications and outcomes of all cases of TAH in a private hospital Methodology: This was a 3-year retrospective study in a private hospital in Enugu, south-east, Nigeria. Result: From the theatre register and case files of patients, it was found that a total of 58 patients had major gynaecological surgeries in the centre. Out of this total, 20 were TAH giving a prevalence of 34.5% of major gynaecological surgeries. The socio-demographic distribution of the patients shows that 12(60%) were aged between 46 and 55, 10(50%) were civil servants and 10(50%) had tertiary education. Majority of them 8(40%) were para 4, followed by para3 (20%). The major indications were symptomatic uterine fibroid, 9(45%) and abnormal uterine bleeding 8(40%). Conclusion: Total abdominal hysterectomy was a common gynaecological procedure and the major indications were symptomatic uterine fibroids and abnormal uterine bleeding. Majority of the cases were done with spinal anaesthesia and the only identifiable post-operative morbidity was anaemia.
{"title":"Audit of all cases of total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) at a private hospital in Enugu, Nigeria: Indications and post-operative outcomes","authors":"I. Onyekpa, Livinus Nnanyereugo, Ifeanyi Johnson Onah, Onyekpa, B. Odugu","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hysterectomy is a major and one of the commonest gynaecological procedures performed by gynaecologists, world over. It is the surgical removal of the uterus either through the vagina or an abdominal incision. Being such a major procedure in gynaecological practice with consequences on reproduction and sexual performance, we undertook this audit in the private hospital to review its prevalence, indication and outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the indications and outcomes of all cases of TAH in a private hospital Methodology: This was a 3-year retrospective study in a private hospital in Enugu, south-east, Nigeria. Result: From the theatre register and case files of patients, it was found that a total of 58 patients had major gynaecological surgeries in the centre. Out of this total, 20 were TAH giving a prevalence of 34.5% of major gynaecological surgeries. The socio-demographic distribution of the patients shows that 12(60%) were aged between 46 and 55, 10(50%) were civil servants and 10(50%) had tertiary education. Majority of them 8(40%) were para 4, followed by para3 (20%). The major indications were symptomatic uterine fibroid, 9(45%) and abnormal uterine bleeding 8(40%). Conclusion: Total abdominal hysterectomy was a common gynaecological procedure and the major indications were symptomatic uterine fibroids and abnormal uterine bleeding. Majority of the cases were done with spinal anaesthesia and the only identifiable post-operative morbidity was anaemia.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0107
Sanjay Kumar, K. Kamath, A. R. Shabaraya
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant global public health issue, impacting millions of patients annually. Another name for HAIs is nosocomial infections (NI).These infections arise from illnesses that patients contract while they are in the hospital and can have major negative effects on their health, such as increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, or even death. The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has only added to the complexity and severity of HAIs. Healthcare facilities need to take a thorough, evidence-based strategy to HAI prevention and control in order to solve this issue. This entails carrying out evidence-based procedures, like cleaning the environment, using the proper antimicrobial agents, and practicing hand hygiene, in addition to continuously assessing and evaluating their HAI prevention program. Improving patient outcomes, cutting healthcare costs, and preserving public confidence in the healthcare system all depend on lowering the prevalence of HAIs. Improvements in hospital epidemiological surveillance, infection control practices, and the implementation of HAI prevention guidelines should lead to a decrease in the frequency of morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, HAIs continue to be a major worry for high-risk populations.
医院获得性感染（HAIs）是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，每年影响数百万患者。HAIs 的另一个名称是院内感染 (NI)。这些感染源于病人在住院期间感染的疾病，会对他们的健康产生重大的负面影响，如增加发病率、延长住院时间甚至死亡。抗生素耐药病原体的增加加剧了 HAIs 的复杂性和严重性。医疗机构需要采取全面、循证的策略来预防和控制 HAI，以解决这一问题。这就需要执行循证程序，如清洁环境、使用适当的抗菌剂、保持手部卫生，以及不断评估和评价其 HAI 预防计划。改善患者治疗效果、降低医疗成本、维护公众对医疗系统的信心都有赖于降低 HAI 的流行率。改进医院流行病学监测、感染控制实践和实施 HAI 预防指南应能降低发病率和死亡率。尽管如此，HAIs 仍然是高危人群的一大隐忧。
{"title":"A comprehensive review on prevention and management of hospital-acquired infections: Current strategies and best practices","authors":"Sanjay Kumar, K. Kamath, A. R. Shabaraya","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant global public health issue, impacting millions of patients annually. Another name for HAIs is nosocomial infections (NI).These infections arise from illnesses that patients contract while they are in the hospital and can have major negative effects on their health, such as increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, or even death. The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has only added to the complexity and severity of HAIs. Healthcare facilities need to take a thorough, evidence-based strategy to HAI prevention and control in order to solve this issue. This entails carrying out evidence-based procedures, like cleaning the environment, using the proper antimicrobial agents, and practicing hand hygiene, in addition to continuously assessing and evaluating their HAI prevention program. Improving patient outcomes, cutting healthcare costs, and preserving public confidence in the healthcare system all depend on lowering the prevalence of HAIs. Improvements in hospital epidemiological surveillance, infection control practices, and the implementation of HAI prevention guidelines should lead to a decrease in the frequency of morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, HAIs continue to be a major worry for high-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0102
None Valère Igor Deumi Monthe, None Patrick Yamen Mbopi, None Cyrielle Signe Mawout, None Jean Jacques Tchouani, None Pierre Réne Fotsing Kwetche, None Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang
The high incidence of infectious diseases and the emergence of resistance to modern drugs are current public health concerns. This situation leads to the search for alternatives via medicinal plants. To investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii trunk bark commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various pathologies. The primary phytochemical study was performed on hydro alcoholic extract of the trunk bark dried in the shade. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using ferric reducing power and the free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the antibacterial test and MIC was determined by using dilution methods against twenty-two strains of bacteria. The phytochemical screening has shown the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids. The antioxidant activity demonstrated that the extract at the concentration of 500μg/mL scavenges DPPH and the ferric ion by 65.07%, and 90.36% of the radicals respectively. The antibacterial activity demonstated that the extract ihnibited the strains used independently of the gram with MICs varying between 1.95 and 31.25mg/mL. The extract also showed an absolute bactericidal potential on multiresistant strains. The antibacterial potential could be due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The activities of hydro-ethanolic extracts of C. schweinfurthii suggest that the latter would be a potential raw material for the production of improved traditional medicines
{"title":"Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity in vitro of the trunk bark of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl (Burseraceae)","authors":"None Valère Igor Deumi Monthe, None Patrick Yamen Mbopi, None Cyrielle Signe Mawout, None Jean Jacques Tchouani, None Pierre Réne Fotsing Kwetche, None Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0102","url":null,"abstract":"The high incidence of infectious diseases and the emergence of resistance to modern drugs are current public health concerns. This situation leads to the search for alternatives via medicinal plants. To investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Canarium schweinfurthii trunk bark commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various pathologies. The primary phytochemical study was performed on hydro alcoholic extract of the trunk bark dried in the shade. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using ferric reducing power and the free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the antibacterial test and MIC was determined by using dilution methods against twenty-two strains of bacteria. The phytochemical screening has shown the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids. The antioxidant activity demonstrated that the extract at the concentration of 500μg/mL scavenges DPPH and the ferric ion by 65.07%, and 90.36% of the radicals respectively. The antibacterial activity demonstated that the extract ihnibited the strains used independently of the gram with MICs varying between 1.95 and 31.25mg/mL. The extract also showed an absolute bactericidal potential on multiresistant strains. The antibacterial potential could be due to the presence of phenolic compounds. The activities of hydro-ethanolic extracts of C. schweinfurthii suggest that the latter would be a potential raw material for the production of improved traditional medicines","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"41 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136228002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0094
None Liman Tertsegha Imo, None Brown Samuel Tamuno Cockeye, None Agere Hemen, None Ballah Ikurhyel Ay
Background & objective: The high prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection globally and the frequency of co-infection with other STIs make Trichomoniasis a compelling public health concern. Research has shown that T. vaginalis infection is associated with high risk of several sexually transmitted infections. This study was to provide information on the coinfection rate with some STDs and the correlation between clinical diagnoses and confirmatory laboratory diagnosis among women of reproductive age in Jalingo. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional and laboratory- based research was carried out on the Correlational studies on clinical and laboratory diagnoses of T. vaginalis and it co-infection with HIV Candidiasis and Syphilis among women of reproductive age in Jalingo North-Central Nigeria, between November 2022 to March 2023. A health facility (Mimllins Laboratories Limited) was selected from Jalingo local government area. One hundred (100) Women within the reproductive age group of 15 to 50 years, seeking health care in the selected facility that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and grant consent were enrolled. A pretested structured interviewer’s questionnaire was used to collect data on clinical presentation. Results: A total of 100 eligible women between the ages of 15 to 50 years’ resident in Jalingo, Taraba State and attends to at the selected facility were examined. The overall prevalence of Trichomoniasis among the general population was 13%. For co-infection rates with HIV, syphilis, and Candidiasis, all the HIV-infected participants (4) had T. vaginalis infection while 70% (7/10) of the population that had syphilis had T. vaginalis infection. Both diseases (HIV and Syphilis) had a very strong association with T. vaginalis infection among the population (both p-values= 0.000). Candidiasis on the other hand had no significant association with T. vaginalis infection (p=1.000). Based on the clinical diagnosis, abdominal pain and burning sensation gave strong associations with T. vaginalis infection (p values were 0.001 and 0.005 respectively). However, the reverse was the case for vaginal itching and discharge (both p-values were 1.000). Conclusion: A greater percentage of T. vaginalis positive women came to the laboratory because they had related uncomfortable symptoms. This is problematic since some women in this area are unaware of the importance of having regular gynecological examinations unless symptoms appear. Hence, general surveillance for sexually transmitted diseases, an effective way to prevent T. vaginalis infection, is needed.
{"title":"Correlational studies on clinical and laboratory diagnoses of Trichomonas vaginalis coinfection with HIV candidiasis and syphilis among women of reproductive age in Jalingo North-central Nigeria","authors":"None Liman Tertsegha Imo, None Brown Samuel Tamuno Cockeye, None Agere Hemen, None Ballah Ikurhyel Ay","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0094","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objective: The high prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection globally and the frequency of co-infection with other STIs make Trichomoniasis a compelling public health concern. Research has shown that T. vaginalis infection is associated with high risk of several sexually transmitted infections. This study was to provide information on the coinfection rate with some STDs and the correlation between clinical diagnoses and confirmatory laboratory diagnosis among women of reproductive age in Jalingo. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional and laboratory- based research was carried out on the Correlational studies on clinical and laboratory diagnoses of T. vaginalis and it co-infection with HIV Candidiasis and Syphilis among women of reproductive age in Jalingo North-Central Nigeria, between November 2022 to March 2023. A health facility (Mimllins Laboratories Limited) was selected from Jalingo local government area. One hundred (100) Women within the reproductive age group of 15 to 50 years, seeking health care in the selected facility that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and grant consent were enrolled. A pretested structured interviewer’s questionnaire was used to collect data on clinical presentation. Results: A total of 100 eligible women between the ages of 15 to 50 years’ resident in Jalingo, Taraba State and attends to at the selected facility were examined. The overall prevalence of Trichomoniasis among the general population was 13%. For co-infection rates with HIV, syphilis, and Candidiasis, all the HIV-infected participants (4) had T. vaginalis infection while 70% (7/10) of the population that had syphilis had T. vaginalis infection. Both diseases (HIV and Syphilis) had a very strong association with T. vaginalis infection among the population (both p-values= 0.000). Candidiasis on the other hand had no significant association with T. vaginalis infection (p=1.000). Based on the clinical diagnosis, abdominal pain and burning sensation gave strong associations with T. vaginalis infection (p values were 0.001 and 0.005 respectively). However, the reverse was the case for vaginal itching and discharge (both p-values were 1.000). Conclusion: A greater percentage of T. vaginalis positive women came to the laboratory because they had related uncomfortable symptoms. This is problematic since some women in this area are unaware of the importance of having regular gynecological examinations unless symptoms appear. Hence, general surveillance for sexually transmitted diseases, an effective way to prevent T. vaginalis infection, is needed.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"27 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) is a molecular marker of parasite susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs. This study aimed to evaluate multidrug resistance resistance gene 1 (MDR1) mutation in 0-14years old malaria patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Samples from 100 children with malaria were examined to confirm the malaria parasite density and further genotyped via BigDye (v3.1) terminator cycle sequencing for the presence of two SNPs in pfmdr1on samples with high and moderate parasite densities. All data were analyzed using Pearson Chi square and Fisher’s exact (FE) tests. Of the 100 patients, 57% had low (+) malaria parasite density, 28% had moderate (++) and 15% had high (+++) malaria parasite densities of the 100 samples, 31 samples were successfully amplified and analyzed for the pfmdr1 gene located at codon 86 with amplicon size of 534bp while only 7 samples were successfully amplified for the pfmdr1 gene located at codon 1246.Pfmdr1-N86Y mutation was detected in 1 (3.2%) sample. In addition, only 1 (3.2%) sample with allelic change at 1246Y was detected in mutant pfmdr1gene. The result also showed that sex had no significant association (P = 0.4237) with pfmdr1SNP mutation. However, significant association (P = 0.0043) between the age groups (1 month to 14 years) represented in the study and pfmdr1mutation. The present study suggests that strains of P. falciparum with reduced sensitivity to the artemisinin component of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) exist in Kano state, northern Nigeria. Methods: sample Collection Finger prick filter paper blood samples were collected from patients below the age of 5 years. However, 2 mL of venous blood was drawn using sterile syringe and needle from children aged 6 and 14 years. Safety procedures were adopted in the collection of blood samples by swabbing the area to be sampled with disinfectant and allowing it to dry before collection.
{"title":"Prevalence of multi drug resistance malaria among patients aged 0 – 14 years attending murtala muhammad specialist hospital Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"None Ummukulsum Mustapha, None Ado Shehu, None Attahir Sa’ad Ayuba, None Hayat Gomma, None Saleh Ngaski Garba, None Usman Sunusi Usman, None Bar. Baffa Alasan, None Muftahu Sa’adu, None Fatima Balarabe Garba, None Abba Jidda Harun, None Yunusa A, None Sagir Magaji, None Salihu Abubakar Dauda","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0089","url":null,"abstract":"The Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) is a molecular marker of parasite susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs. This study aimed to evaluate multidrug resistance resistance gene 1 (MDR1) mutation in 0-14years old malaria patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Samples from 100 children with malaria were examined to confirm the malaria parasite density and further genotyped via BigDye (v3.1) terminator cycle sequencing for the presence of two SNPs in pfmdr1on samples with high and moderate parasite densities. All data were analyzed using Pearson Chi square and Fisher’s exact (FE) tests. Of the 100 patients, 57% had low (+) malaria parasite density, 28% had moderate (++) and 15% had high (+++) malaria parasite densities of the 100 samples, 31 samples were successfully amplified and analyzed for the pfmdr1 gene located at codon 86 with amplicon size of 534bp while only 7 samples were successfully amplified for the pfmdr1 gene located at codon 1246.Pfmdr1-N86Y mutation was detected in 1 (3.2%) sample. In addition, only 1 (3.2%) sample with allelic change at 1246Y was detected in mutant pfmdr1gene. The result also showed that sex had no significant association (P = 0.4237) with pfmdr1SNP mutation. However, significant association (P = 0.0043) between the age groups (1 month to 14 years) represented in the study and pfmdr1mutation. The present study suggests that strains of P. falciparum with reduced sensitivity to the artemisinin component of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) exist in Kano state, northern Nigeria. Methods: sample Collection Finger prick filter paper blood samples were collected from patients below the age of 5 years. However, 2 mL of venous blood was drawn using sterile syringe and needle from children aged 6 and 14 years. Safety procedures were adopted in the collection of blood samples by swabbing the area to be sampled with disinfectant and allowing it to dry before collection.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"116 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0093
None Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Sawflies, horntails, and wood wasps Argidae sawflies Argidae occur in all tropical, temperate, and subarctic regions of the world. Even though worldwide in distribution, the fauna of the Neotropical Region is the most diverse. Representatives of all subfamilies, except the Australian Zenarginae, occur in the neotropics. In the number of genera (32) and numbers of species (over 350), the Neotropical fauna includes more than twice the number of genera and nearly half the species as the rest of the world’s regions. Adults of Argidae some species can be found on various types of flowers, especially the larger species belonging to the Arginae subfamily. In this case, the eggs are laid in groups on the surface of a leaf, and the female takes care of the eggs and young larvae. The larvae feed in groups, presenting defined feeding patterns, and, when they complete their development, weave cocoons in groups protected by a common cover. The purpose of the manuscript is to describe the Biology, Ecology, behavior, damage, and taxonomy of the family Argidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Symphita). The articles were published from 1979 to 2023 in indexed scientific research, book scientific chapters, theses banks, university dissertations, national and international scientific articles, scientific journals, documents, and even in general journals when considered of interest and digital platforms: Universidade de São Paulo, Scielo Universidade de Brasilia, WaspWeb, Biological Abstract, and ResearchGate. The main terms used were: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies, and Tenthredinoidea. In summary, basically, the following steps of analysis were covered: · Exhaustive reading of each article aiming at a global understanding and discovery of the approach used by its authors; · Identification of the central ideas of each article; · Classification of ideas around nuclei of meaning; · Comparison between the different nuclei of meaning present in the studied articles; · Classification of the nuclei of meaning in broader axes (themes) around which the authors' discussions revolved and Writing of the interpretative syntheses of the theme.
{"title":"Description of the Family Argidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera)","authors":"None Carlos Henrique Marchiori","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0093","url":null,"abstract":"Sawflies, horntails, and wood wasps Argidae sawflies Argidae occur in all tropical, temperate, and subarctic regions of the world. Even though worldwide in distribution, the fauna of the Neotropical Region is the most diverse. Representatives of all subfamilies, except the Australian Zenarginae, occur in the neotropics. In the number of genera (32) and numbers of species (over 350), the Neotropical fauna includes more than twice the number of genera and nearly half the species as the rest of the world’s regions. Adults of Argidae some species can be found on various types of flowers, especially the larger species belonging to the Arginae subfamily. In this case, the eggs are laid in groups on the surface of a leaf, and the female takes care of the eggs and young larvae. The larvae feed in groups, presenting defined feeding patterns, and, when they complete their development, weave cocoons in groups protected by a common cover. The purpose of the manuscript is to describe the Biology, Ecology, behavior, damage, and taxonomy of the family Argidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Symphita). The articles were published from 1979 to 2023 in indexed scientific research, book scientific chapters, theses banks, university dissertations, national and international scientific articles, scientific journals, documents, and even in general journals when considered of interest and digital platforms: Universidade de São Paulo, Scielo Universidade de Brasilia, WaspWeb, Biological Abstract, and ResearchGate. The main terms used were: Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies, and Tenthredinoidea. In summary, basically, the following steps of analysis were covered: · Exhaustive reading of each article aiming at a global understanding and discovery of the approach used by its authors; · Identification of the central ideas of each article; · Classification of ideas around nuclei of meaning; · Comparison between the different nuclei of meaning present in the studied articles; · Classification of the nuclei of meaning in broader axes (themes) around which the authors' discussions revolved and Writing of the interpretative syntheses of the theme.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"19 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fast Melt tablets (FMTs) have become a promising alternative to solve a number of issues related to conventional oral dose forms. These tablets are made to quickly dissolve in the mouth and disintegrate, making them a practical and patient-friendly alternative for people who have trouble swallowing conventional solid dosage forms. This review study thoroughly examines the various uses of fast-melt tablets in the pharmaceutical business, as well as formulation strategies, production processes, and manufacturing methods. These tablets have been produced using a variety of methods, each with their own advantages and difficulties, including direct compression, freeze-drying, sublimation, and spray-drying etc. The review also talks about how excipients, disintegration agents, super disintegrants, and conventional and patented technology affect FMT performance. Fast melt tablets have found use in a variety of therapeutic fields, including pediatrics, geriatrics, and neurology, where compliance and a quick beginning of action are essential. This is in addition to their patient-friendly benefits. Additionally, their usefulness in targeted drug delivery and personalized therapy has increased because of the possibility of higher bioavailability, decreased dose frequency, and improved patient adherence. This review offers a current and thorough examination of the improvements made to fast melt tablets, covering the changes made to their production procedures, formulation methods, and effects on the pharmaceutical sector. This paper's overall goal is to be a useful resource for researchers, formulators, and pharmaceutical industry experts interested in the creation and use of fast melt tablets.
{"title":"Fast-Melt Tablets (FMTs): Revolutionizing rapid relief-an in-depth review of swift dissolve technology","authors":"None Samira Bano, None Sanket Kumar, None Peeyush Sharma, None Mohamad Taleuzzaman","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0087","url":null,"abstract":"Fast Melt tablets (FMTs) have become a promising alternative to solve a number of issues related to conventional oral dose forms. These tablets are made to quickly dissolve in the mouth and disintegrate, making them a practical and patient-friendly alternative for people who have trouble swallowing conventional solid dosage forms. This review study thoroughly examines the various uses of fast-melt tablets in the pharmaceutical business, as well as formulation strategies, production processes, and manufacturing methods. These tablets have been produced using a variety of methods, each with their own advantages and difficulties, including direct compression, freeze-drying, sublimation, and spray-drying etc. The review also talks about how excipients, disintegration agents, super disintegrants, and conventional and patented technology affect FMT performance. Fast melt tablets have found use in a variety of therapeutic fields, including pediatrics, geriatrics, and neurology, where compliance and a quick beginning of action are essential. This is in addition to their patient-friendly benefits. Additionally, their usefulness in targeted drug delivery and personalized therapy has increased because of the possibility of higher bioavailability, decreased dose frequency, and improved patient adherence. This review offers a current and thorough examination of the improvements made to fast melt tablets, covering the changes made to their production procedures, formulation methods, and effects on the pharmaceutical sector. This paper's overall goal is to be a useful resource for researchers, formulators, and pharmaceutical industry experts interested in the creation and use of fast melt tablets.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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