Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0097
None Domenico Prisa, None Francesco Attanasio
Research objective: In this study, the possibility of using INORT, a biostimulant based on Inula viscosa L. (Dittrichia viscosa L.), algae and microorganisms to improve growth, defence against Fusarium oxysporum and resistance to water stress, on Plumeria frangipani plants grown in open field was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The experiments, started in January 2023, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (Pt), on Plumeria frangipani plants cvs “California sunset and “Super round”. The plants were grown in open field. The five experimental groups in cultivation were: group without biostimulant (CTRL); group with microrganisms; group with algae; group with Inula viscosa; group with (INORT) (mix Microorganisms + Inula viscosa + Algae).The product INORT was supplied by the Francesco Attanasio farm. On 15 September 2023, plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, total leaf area per plant (mm2), primary root length (mm), aerial and root system biomass were recorded. In addition, plant mortality as a result of Fusarium oxysporum attacks and water stress was assessed in the experiment. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of the biostimulant based on Inula viscosa, microorganisms and algae (INORT) can indeed significantly improve the vegetative and root growth of Plumeria frangipani plants grown in the open field. Improvements were also found in plant height, number of leaves, number of floral branches, leaf area, vegetative and root biomass and root length at different irrigation frequencies of 3 and 6 days. A very interesting aspect was also the ability of the biostimulant based on Inula viscosa, microorganisms and algae to significantly reduce the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum attacks on leaves. Conclusions: Given the importance of Inula viscosa from a medicinal, pollination and biodiversity point of view, new agricultural experiments are very important as they could allow the development of new biofertiliser products that can be used in organic and sustainable farming systems
{"title":"INORT: Biofertilizer based on Inula viscosa L. (Dittrichia viscosa L.), algae and micro-organisms for growth, Fusarium oxysporum defence and water stress resistance of Plumeria frangipani","authors":"None Domenico Prisa, None Francesco Attanasio","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.2.0097","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective: In this study, the possibility of using INORT, a biostimulant based on Inula viscosa L. (Dittrichia viscosa L.), algae and microorganisms to improve growth, defence against Fusarium oxysporum and resistance to water stress, on Plumeria frangipani plants grown in open field was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The experiments, started in January 2023, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (Pt), on Plumeria frangipani plants cvs “California sunset and “Super round”. The plants were grown in open field. The five experimental groups in cultivation were: group without biostimulant (CTRL); group with microrganisms; group with algae; group with Inula viscosa; group with (INORT) (mix Microorganisms + Inula viscosa + Algae).The product INORT was supplied by the Francesco Attanasio farm. On 15 September 2023, plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, total leaf area per plant (mm2), primary root length (mm), aerial and root system biomass were recorded. In addition, plant mortality as a result of Fusarium oxysporum attacks and water stress was assessed in the experiment. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of the biostimulant based on Inula viscosa, microorganisms and algae (INORT) can indeed significantly improve the vegetative and root growth of Plumeria frangipani plants grown in the open field. Improvements were also found in plant height, number of leaves, number of floral branches, leaf area, vegetative and root biomass and root length at different irrigation frequencies of 3 and 6 days. A very interesting aspect was also the ability of the biostimulant based on Inula viscosa, microorganisms and algae to significantly reduce the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum attacks on leaves. Conclusions: Given the importance of Inula viscosa from a medicinal, pollination and biodiversity point of view, new agricultural experiments are very important as they could allow the development of new biofertiliser products that can be used in organic and sustainable farming systems","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"53 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria is a parasitic disease that is widely spread throughout the world. The annual number of cases is estimated at around 500 million; the African continent is the most affected, accounting for 95% of cases. For the treatment, WHO recommends artemisinin-based combinations; unfortunately, the cost of these combinations is relatively high, making them difficult to afford. This justifies the search for new antimalarial drugs. A large number of plant species in Cameroon have been identified as anti-malarial medicinal plants. Picralima nitida is one of the plants traditionally used to treat malaria in traditional medicine, and its in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity and toxicological profile have already been scientifically demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to formulate capsules based on the aqueous extract of Picralima nitida fruit, in an attempt to rationalize its use in the treatment of malaria. The aqueous extract of Picralima nitida fruit was prepared by maceration and then stabilized; its physicochemical characteristics were determined. The daily quantity of extract required for the treatment of malaria was determined in milligrams of total alkaloids. Finally, the extract was stabilized before being filled into capsules using European pharmacopoeia techniques. The capsules were also tested according to European Pharmacopoeia 11th edition techniques. The extract was obtained in 6.25% yield. The extract was soft, hygroscopic, brown in color, very bitter in flavor and caramel in odor. The following phytochemical groups were present in the extract: alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoid tannins, anthocyanins, saponins, terpenes, sterols. Total alkaloid content was 0.11g per gram of extract. To stabilize the extract and make it suitable for capsule filling, 25% colloidal silica and 13% microcrystalline cellulose were added. The stabilized extract showed good flowability (flow time 6s, Carr index 11.8% and Hausner index 1.13), a moderately fine powder texture (d50 < 300um) and homogeneous distribution. The daily dose determined for a 60 kg adult was 3900mg of extract, corresponding to 313 mg of total alkaloids, which could be divided into 8 N°0 or 12 N°00 capsules. On inspection, the capsules were found to comply with the requirements of the 11th edition of the European Pharmacopoeia. The characteristics of the formulated capsules are favorable to make them a good candidate for the various phases of clinical trials with a view to making them an improved traditional medicine (ITM)
{"title":"Formulation of anti-malaria capsules based on the fruit of Picralima nitida (Stapf) T. Durand and H. Durand (Apocynaceae","authors":"None NDJAFANG JATSA Kevin Mike, None KANMOGNE Dayo Lydie Carole, None DJOKO Ernest, None Foutse Yimta Wandji, None Wouessidjewe Denis","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0086","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a parasitic disease that is widely spread throughout the world. The annual number of cases is estimated at around 500 million; the African continent is the most affected, accounting for 95% of cases. For the treatment, WHO recommends artemisinin-based combinations; unfortunately, the cost of these combinations is relatively high, making them difficult to afford. This justifies the search for new antimalarial drugs. A large number of plant species in Cameroon have been identified as anti-malarial medicinal plants. Picralima nitida is one of the plants traditionally used to treat malaria in traditional medicine, and its in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity and toxicological profile have already been scientifically demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to formulate capsules based on the aqueous extract of Picralima nitida fruit, in an attempt to rationalize its use in the treatment of malaria. The aqueous extract of Picralima nitida fruit was prepared by maceration and then stabilized; its physicochemical characteristics were determined. The daily quantity of extract required for the treatment of malaria was determined in milligrams of total alkaloids. Finally, the extract was stabilized before being filled into capsules using European pharmacopoeia techniques. The capsules were also tested according to European Pharmacopoeia 11th edition techniques. The extract was obtained in 6.25% yield. The extract was soft, hygroscopic, brown in color, very bitter in flavor and caramel in odor. The following phytochemical groups were present in the extract: alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoid tannins, anthocyanins, saponins, terpenes, sterols. Total alkaloid content was 0.11g per gram of extract. To stabilize the extract and make it suitable for capsule filling, 25% colloidal silica and 13% microcrystalline cellulose were added. The stabilized extract showed good flowability (flow time 6s, Carr index 11.8% and Hausner index 1.13), a moderately fine powder texture (d50 < 300um) and homogeneous distribution. The daily dose determined for a 60 kg adult was 3900mg of extract, corresponding to 313 mg of total alkaloids, which could be divided into 8 N°0 or 12 N°00 capsules. On inspection, the capsules were found to comply with the requirements of the 11th edition of the European Pharmacopoeia. The characteristics of the formulated capsules are favorable to make them a good candidate for the various phases of clinical trials with a view to making them an improved traditional medicine (ITM)","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0074
P. Poornima, Rashmi Bagri, G. Tulja Rani
Alcohol dose dumping can occur due to the solubility of the pharmaceutical excipients, the solubility of the drug, and the formulation’s drug release mechanism. Cellulosics are the most commonly used polymers in pharmaceutical controlled release technologies. The ethanol vulnerability of tablets made with HPMC K250, HPMC K750 and HPMC K1500 were investigated with the low soluble drug quetiapine fumarate. Quetiapine fumarate is an antipsychotic drug and it is suitable drug candidate for FDDS due to its solubility in low pH. HPMC K250, HPMC K750 and HPMC K1500 were used as a polymer matrix to control the release of quetiapine fumarate up to 24 hr. The quetiapine floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. All the tablets were evaluated for the Pre-compression and post Compression Parameter. In-vitro dissolution study was done in Normal Dissolution Media, 0.1N Hcl and also in 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% v/v hydro alcoholic media for up to 24 hrs. All HPMC K250, HPMC K750 and HPMC K1500 preparation did not fail in alcoholic media. From these studies it was concluded that the concern around alcohol dose dumping seems negligible for these polymers.
{"title":"In vitro alcohol induced dose dumping studies for Quetiapine fumarate floating drug delivery systems","authors":"P. Poornima, Rashmi Bagri, G. Tulja Rani","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0074","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol dose dumping can occur due to the solubility of the pharmaceutical excipients, the solubility of the drug, and the formulation’s drug release mechanism. Cellulosics are the most commonly used polymers in pharmaceutical controlled release technologies. The ethanol vulnerability of tablets made with HPMC K250, HPMC K750 and HPMC K1500 were investigated with the low soluble drug quetiapine fumarate. Quetiapine fumarate is an antipsychotic drug and it is suitable drug candidate for FDDS due to its solubility in low pH. HPMC K250, HPMC K750 and HPMC K1500 were used as a polymer matrix to control the release of quetiapine fumarate up to 24 hr. The quetiapine floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. All the tablets were evaluated for the Pre-compression and post Compression Parameter. In-vitro dissolution study was done in Normal Dissolution Media, 0.1N Hcl and also in 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% v/v hydro alcoholic media for up to 24 hrs. All HPMC K250, HPMC K750 and HPMC K1500 preparation did not fail in alcoholic media. From these studies it was concluded that the concern around alcohol dose dumping seems negligible for these polymers.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Finance in marriage is connected to everything else: communication, health, sex, and spirituality to mention but a few. The amount of income a couple earns either individually or collectively is very important and may affect their level of satisfaction either negatively or positively. Finance in marriage cannot be overemphasized, A popular saying in my area “na love I go chop,” meaning love alone is not enough and one cannot love on an empty stomach. The role money plays in marriage is important as it can be challenging to maintain peace in a family with money being a deciding factor. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of finance on marital and psychological health. Materials and Methods: The design was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study of 184 respondent. The questionnaires comprised: level of income, working in either a private or public sector, Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire 28(GHQ 28). Results: The association between psychological stability and monthly income was insignificant; p= 0.599. Over three-fifths of those earning less than 60,000 naira per month had marital satisfaction while just a third was not satisfied. Over half (53.8) of those earning over 165,000naria were unsatisfied with their marriage. The association between marital satisfaction and monthly income was not significant; p = 0.059.
背景:婚姻中的财务关系到一切:沟通、健康、性、精神等等。一对夫妇单独或共同的收入是非常重要的，可能会对他们的满意度产生消极或积极的影响。婚姻中的财务问题再怎么强调也不为过。我们当地有句俗话叫“na love I go chop”，意思是只有爱是不够的，一个人不能饿着肚子去爱。金钱在婚姻中扮演的角色很重要，因为在金钱是决定因素的情况下，维持家庭和平是一项挑战。本研究旨在探讨经济状况对婚姻及心理健康的影响。材料和方法:本研究以医院为基础，对184名被调查者进行横断面研究。问卷包括:收入水平、在私营或公共部门工作、婚姻满意度指数(IMS)问卷和一般健康问卷28(GHQ 28)。结果:心理稳定性与月收入的关系不显著;p = 0.599。在那些月收入低于6万奈拉的人中，超过五分之三的人对婚姻感到满意，只有三分之一的人不满意。超过一半(53.8)的年收入超过16.5万欧元的人对自己的婚姻不满意。婚姻满意度与月收入的关系不显著;P = 0.059。
{"title":"Effect of finances on marital satisfaction and psychological health among married couple in south-south region of Nigeria","authors":"None Orhe OG, None Oshobugie BN, None Yovwin DG, None Anyanwu EB","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0084","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Finance in marriage is connected to everything else: communication, health, sex, and spirituality to mention but a few. The amount of income a couple earns either individually or collectively is very important and may affect their level of satisfaction either negatively or positively. Finance in marriage cannot be overemphasized, A popular saying in my area “na love I go chop,” meaning love alone is not enough and one cannot love on an empty stomach. The role money plays in marriage is important as it can be challenging to maintain peace in a family with money being a deciding factor. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of finance on marital and psychological health. Materials and Methods: The design was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study of 184 respondent. The questionnaires comprised: level of income, working in either a private or public sector, Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire 28(GHQ 28). Results: The association between psychological stability and monthly income was insignificant; p= 0.599. Over three-fifths of those earning less than 60,000 naira per month had marital satisfaction while just a third was not satisfied. Over half (53.8) of those earning over 165,000naria were unsatisfied with their marriage. The association between marital satisfaction and monthly income was not significant; p = 0.059.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136344596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0073
Debra Harkins
Alert wakefulness is a critical aspect of state regulation in early infancy, yet little is known of this process. This study sought to examine how brief periods of unstable waking transition into more stable stages of alert wakefulness. Fifteen infants were videotaped as they woke from naps beginning at 3-4 weeks of age and followed weekly until they were 24 weeks of age. Infant reaching for a rod was recorded beginning at 12 weeks to determine onset of visually guided reaching. Infants who exhibited longer transitions from sleep to more alert state showed a later onset of visually guided reaching suggesting state organization and transitions seem to be an early indicator of behavioral coordination that predicts t rate of cognitive development.
{"title":"Visually guided reaching and waking behavior in early infancy","authors":"Debra Harkins","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Alert wakefulness is a critical aspect of state regulation in early infancy, yet little is known of this process. This study sought to examine how brief periods of unstable waking transition into more stable stages of alert wakefulness. Fifteen infants were videotaped as they woke from naps beginning at 3-4 weeks of age and followed weekly until they were 24 weeks of age. Infant reaching for a rod was recorded beginning at 12 weeks to determine onset of visually guided reaching. Infants who exhibited longer transitions from sleep to more alert state showed a later onset of visually guided reaching suggesting state organization and transitions seem to be an early indicator of behavioral coordination that predicts t rate of cognitive development.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125683832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0037
Davina Calbraith
Background: There is an important public health message concerning obesity, diabetes, and the reduction of sugar consumption. Erythritol seems like the sweetener of choice but contrasting evidence exists so there is therefore a pertinent need to establish rigorous facts to ensure Erythritol ‘dosage’ is correct and to improve the nation’s health. Objectives: To plot the landscape by assessing all robust research to discover ‘safe erythritol use’, ‘acceptable’ side effects, and most importantly the whole ‘body systems’ impact and interactions. Also, to establish whether 25g/day could be safely doubled, maximum laxative thresholds, and unique Erythritol characteristics. Methods: All knowledge type/outcomes and grey data were eligible and reported according to ‘body system’s using EQUATOR and PRISMA guidelines. Bias was kept to a minimum via BEME rigor checklists. Results: 256 papers were included in the review. ‘Safe use’ Erythritol amounts and maximum thresholds were established. No disadvantages of Erythritol were found providing thresholds were not exceeded. Erythritol has unique properties which produced important new findings: Erythritol is metabolised differently for ‘Diabetic versus non-diabetic’, and ‘Early-stage versus late-stage diabetic’; In the ‘obese versus lean’; and if taken within ‘Solids versus liquids’. Conclusions: New knowledge on safe Erythritol ‘dosage’, maximally effective period, and body systems were gained which affect and inform the nation’s weight and health choices.
{"title":"Empirical facts about Erythritol’s effects on whole body systems: A systematic Review","authors":"Davina Calbraith","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is an important public health message concerning obesity, diabetes, and the reduction of sugar consumption. Erythritol seems like the sweetener of choice but contrasting evidence exists so there is therefore a pertinent need to establish rigorous facts to ensure Erythritol ‘dosage’ is correct and to improve the nation’s health. Objectives: To plot the landscape by assessing all robust research to discover ‘safe erythritol use’, ‘acceptable’ side effects, and most importantly the whole ‘body systems’ impact and interactions. Also, to establish whether 25g/day could be safely doubled, maximum laxative thresholds, and unique Erythritol characteristics. Methods: All knowledge type/outcomes and grey data were eligible and reported according to ‘body system’s using EQUATOR and PRISMA guidelines. Bias was kept to a minimum via BEME rigor checklists. Results: 256 papers were included in the review. ‘Safe use’ Erythritol amounts and maximum thresholds were established. No disadvantages of Erythritol were found providing thresholds were not exceeded. Erythritol has unique properties which produced important new findings: Erythritol is metabolised differently for ‘Diabetic versus non-diabetic’, and ‘Early-stage versus late-stage diabetic’; In the ‘obese versus lean’; and if taken within ‘Solids versus liquids’. Conclusions: New knowledge on safe Erythritol ‘dosage’, maximally effective period, and body systems were gained which affect and inform the nation’s weight and health choices.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128602720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0075
W. Islam, U. Kumar
The isolation procedure of chemical constituents was mainly based on fractionation by solvents of varying polarity. After cold extraction, solvent-solvent partitioning of extract was done with different solvents to yield different extracts of leaf and stem of Mimosa pudica L. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out for petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of leaf as well as chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of stem and 16, 11, 3, 26 and 3 compounds were identified respectively. The major compounds were benzene,1-ethyl-3-methyl- (14.83%) for petroleum ether extract of leaf, fumaric acid, ethyl 2-methylallyl ester (16.96%) for chloroform extract of leaf, glycerin (74.71%) for ethyl acetate extract of leaf, ticlopidine (80.90%) for chloroform extract of stem and hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester (69.95%) for ethyl acetate extract of stem.
{"title":"Bioseparation of phytochemical constituents from leaf and stem extracts of Mimosa pudica L","authors":"W. Islam, U. Kumar","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0075","url":null,"abstract":"The isolation procedure of chemical constituents was mainly based on fractionation by solvents of varying polarity. After cold extraction, solvent-solvent partitioning of extract was done with different solvents to yield different extracts of leaf and stem of Mimosa pudica L. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out for petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of leaf as well as chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of stem and 16, 11, 3, 26 and 3 compounds were identified respectively. The major compounds were benzene,1-ethyl-3-methyl- (14.83%) for petroleum ether extract of leaf, fumaric acid, ethyl 2-methylallyl ester (16.96%) for chloroform extract of leaf, glycerin (74.71%) for ethyl acetate extract of leaf, ticlopidine (80.90%) for chloroform extract of stem and hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester (69.95%) for ethyl acetate extract of stem.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128470960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0043
Okoloekwe R C, Ezenwaeze MN, Igwe SA
One of the complications of COVID-19 is its effect on electrolyte, mainly manifesting in hypokalaemia. Reversal of hypokalemic state in COVID-19 patients will be of beneficial effect to the patients. This study explored ways of improving the hypokalemic state in such patients. The fortification of potable water was actualized using palm bunch ash (PBA) derived from organic material, the empty palm fruit bunch (Elaeis guineensis) hereafter referred to as palm potash or palm potassium carbonate (PPC). Palm potassium carbonate (PPC) was obtained by complete combustion of empty palm fruit bunch to ashes. The resultant ash was allowed to cool for 24 hours and stored in a desiccator. This ash was used for potassium supplementation in potable water. The potassium fortified potable water was prepared using PPC (conc. approx. 20 g/l) and dispensed as 0.5 ml (10 drops) of PPC solution in 750 ml of potable water, Eva, premium table water TM. Ten volunteers of either sex were used for the study. At the commencement of the protocol, each volunteer had initial blood sample collected for electrolyte analysis so that each volunteer served as his or her own control. Thereafter, 3 liters of PPC fortified potable water was administered to each volunteer daily for 14 days. At the end of the first 7 days, blood samples were collected from the volunteers and further samples were collected on the 14th day. Results showed an increase in serum potassium level with a mean value of 3.6 ± 0.23 mmol/L at commencement of study (control) and a mean final value of 3.87± 0.15 mmol/L or 7.5% increase. This increase is statistically significant at p≤0.01. The rise in serum potassium following ingestion of PPC fortified potable water is sufficient to overcome the hypokalemic state of COVID-19 patients and other individuals with hypokalemia.
{"title":"Interventions on coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A case study of potassium supplementation in management of COVID-19","authors":"Okoloekwe R C, Ezenwaeze MN, Igwe SA","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0043","url":null,"abstract":"One of the complications of COVID-19 is its effect on electrolyte, mainly manifesting in hypokalaemia. Reversal of hypokalemic state in COVID-19 patients will be of beneficial effect to the patients. This study explored ways of improving the hypokalemic state in such patients. The fortification of potable water was actualized using palm bunch ash (PBA) derived from organic material, the empty palm fruit bunch (Elaeis guineensis) hereafter referred to as palm potash or palm potassium carbonate (PPC). Palm potassium carbonate (PPC) was obtained by complete combustion of empty palm fruit bunch to ashes. The resultant ash was allowed to cool for 24 hours and stored in a desiccator. This ash was used for potassium supplementation in potable water. The potassium fortified potable water was prepared using PPC (conc. approx. 20 g/l) and dispensed as 0.5 ml (10 drops) of PPC solution in 750 ml of potable water, Eva, premium table water TM. Ten volunteers of either sex were used for the study. At the commencement of the protocol, each volunteer had initial blood sample collected for electrolyte analysis so that each volunteer served as his or her own control. Thereafter, 3 liters of PPC fortified potable water was administered to each volunteer daily for 14 days. At the end of the first 7 days, blood samples were collected from the volunteers and further samples were collected on the 14th day. Results showed an increase in serum potassium level with a mean value of 3.6 ± 0.23 mmol/L at commencement of study (control) and a mean final value of 3.87± 0.15 mmol/L or 7.5% increase. This increase is statistically significant at p≤0.01. The rise in serum potassium following ingestion of PPC fortified potable water is sufficient to overcome the hypokalemic state of COVID-19 patients and other individuals with hypokalemia.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114778145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Characterization of four isolates obtained from Oryza sativa nodules grown under a stress environment was performed. Isolates were screened for their ability to tolerate different abiotic stresses; extreme temperature (50◦ C), salinity (1–5% (w/v) NaCl), and pH (4–12). The genomic analysis of 16S rRNA showed that isolates were phylogenetically related to Azotobacter spp. All the isolates can tolerate NaCl up to 3% and be able to grow between 30 and 40 ◦C with a pH tolerance of between 6 -10 indicating that the isolates were alkali and NaCl-tolerant. The tested isolates effectively utilize mono and disaccharides as carbon sources. Out of four, Azotobacter vinelandii (AR-3) showed the highest nitrogenase fixing ability. The plant growth-promoting characterization of all isolates revealed their effectiveness to solubilize inorganic phosphate (78-288 µg mL−1), and synthesizing indole acetic acid (IAA) (46–70 µg m.). The present finding revealed that treatment A. vinelandii (AR-3) are highly efficient to improve the growth and yield of rice crop, therefore the amplification of its nitrogen fixing gene can be explored as rice biofertilizer to enhance yield and N2-fixation for the resource-poor farmers of Kuje Area Council.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and stress tolerance level of nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter strain isolated from Oryza sativa","authors":"Akintunde Funmilayo Christiana, Kabiru Usman Atta, Olasunkanmi Temitope Christy, Olisa Babafemi Sunday","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0061","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of four isolates obtained from Oryza sativa nodules grown under a stress environment was performed. Isolates were screened for their ability to tolerate different abiotic stresses; extreme temperature (50◦ C), salinity (1–5% (w/v) NaCl), and pH (4–12). The genomic analysis of 16S rRNA showed that isolates were phylogenetically related to Azotobacter spp. All the isolates can tolerate NaCl up to 3% and be able to grow between 30 and 40 ◦C with a pH tolerance of between 6 -10 indicating that the isolates were alkali and NaCl-tolerant. The tested isolates effectively utilize mono and disaccharides as carbon sources. Out of four, Azotobacter vinelandii (AR-3) showed the highest nitrogenase fixing ability. The plant growth-promoting characterization of all isolates revealed their effectiveness to solubilize inorganic phosphate (78-288 µg mL−1), and synthesizing indole acetic acid (IAA) (46–70 µg m.). The present finding revealed that treatment A. vinelandii (AR-3) are highly efficient to improve the growth and yield of rice crop, therefore the amplification of its nitrogen fixing gene can be explored as rice biofertilizer to enhance yield and N2-fixation for the resource-poor farmers of Kuje Area Council.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131793500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Objectives: Schistosomiasis, is a major health problem in the rural areas of developing countries where there is high water contact activities with fresh water bodies, poor hygienic practices and no portal drinking water. It ranks the second after Malaria with socio-economic and public health importance in the tropics and subtropical regions. To provide information on the prevalence and predisposing factors of Haematobium infection among School-aged children in relation to their age and gender in Fufore LGA. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis and the predisposing factors in Fofure LGA of Adamawa State between October and November 2022 where five Schools were sampled for the study. 300 Students between the ages 0-15 years were randomly selected and grouped into three age groups (0-5, 6-10 and 11-15) respectively. Urine samples were obtained from the students and transferred to New Boshang Hospital Medical Laboratory for parasitological examination. Each were also issued a structured questionnaire so as to obtain their demographic characteristics and to determine the possible risk factors associated with this infection in the case of study. Results: Out of the total 300 Students examined, 113(37.7%) were positive for Schistosoma haematobium and the Males (43.9%) had significantly higher prevalence (P < 0.05) than the Females (30.2%). In respect to age, the age group 11-15 (51.5%) were significantly more infected (P < 0.05) than the younger age groups 0-5 (8.2%) and 6-10 (36.6%) examined. Haematobium infection was observed to be higher in children whose parents were irrigation farmers/ fishermen 173(57.7%) than those whose parents are not. Students whose household monthly income is below N30, 000 were more infected. Those that used well 97(32.3) and streams 123(41.0%) as source of drinking water showed high prevalence than those who use borehole. Students whose water contact activities were for farming/ fishing 201(67.7%) were significantly more infected with haematobium infection (P < 0.05) than those without ant water contact activity. Interpretation and Conclusion: From the result of the study, it’s clear that poverty, ignorance, socio-cultural practice, poor hygienic practices, inadequate toiletry facility are some of the predisposing factors associated with this infection in the study area. Intervention by the relevant authorities are needed to curtail the transmission of this infection. These interventions includes; massive health education, provision of portable drinking water and provision of good sanitary/ toilet facility.
{"title":"Haematobium infection and the predisposing factors in Fufore LGA of Adamawa State","authors":"Ballah Ikurhyel Ay, Agere Hemen, Ahima Marvin, Onisemus Benson","doi":"10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53771/ijbpsa.2023.6.1.0062","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Objectives: Schistosomiasis, is a major health problem in the rural areas of developing countries where there is high water contact activities with fresh water bodies, poor hygienic practices and no portal drinking water. It ranks the second after Malaria with socio-economic and public health importance in the tropics and subtropical regions. To provide information on the prevalence and predisposing factors of Haematobium infection among School-aged children in relation to their age and gender in Fufore LGA. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis and the predisposing factors in Fofure LGA of Adamawa State between October and November 2022 where five Schools were sampled for the study. 300 Students between the ages 0-15 years were randomly selected and grouped into three age groups (0-5, 6-10 and 11-15) respectively. Urine samples were obtained from the students and transferred to New Boshang Hospital Medical Laboratory for parasitological examination. Each were also issued a structured questionnaire so as to obtain their demographic characteristics and to determine the possible risk factors associated with this infection in the case of study. Results: Out of the total 300 Students examined, 113(37.7%) were positive for Schistosoma haematobium and the Males (43.9%) had significantly higher prevalence (P < 0.05) than the Females (30.2%). In respect to age, the age group 11-15 (51.5%) were significantly more infected (P < 0.05) than the younger age groups 0-5 (8.2%) and 6-10 (36.6%) examined. Haematobium infection was observed to be higher in children whose parents were irrigation farmers/ fishermen 173(57.7%) than those whose parents are not. Students whose household monthly income is below N30, 000 were more infected. Those that used well 97(32.3) and streams 123(41.0%) as source of drinking water showed high prevalence than those who use borehole. Students whose water contact activities were for farming/ fishing 201(67.7%) were significantly more infected with haematobium infection (P < 0.05) than those without ant water contact activity. Interpretation and Conclusion: From the result of the study, it’s clear that poverty, ignorance, socio-cultural practice, poor hygienic practices, inadequate toiletry facility are some of the predisposing factors associated with this infection in the study area. Intervention by the relevant authorities are needed to curtail the transmission of this infection. These interventions includes; massive health education, provision of portable drinking water and provision of good sanitary/ toilet facility.","PeriodicalId":400966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114658094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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