In his portrayal of Tissaphernes in Book Eight, Thucydides addresses a major problem of Athenian politics in the late fifth and early fourth centuries, the hope for alliance with Achaemenid Persia. Tissaphernes’ quarrels with his Spartan allies during the early phase of Persian intervention in the Peloponnesian War led to a wide-spread Greek belief, encouraged by Alkibiades, that Persia might transfer its support to the Athenians. Thucydides, while agreeing with contemporary theories of Tissaphernes’ secret hostility to the Spartan war effort, reconstructs Tissaphernes’ motives in order to challenge Alkibiadean ideas of Persian friendship for Athens.
{"title":"Waiting for Tissaphernes: Athens and Persia in Thucydides VIII","authors":"John O. Hyland","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2004.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2004.0007","url":null,"abstract":"In his portrayal of Tissaphernes in Book Eight, Thucydides addresses a major problem of Athenian politics in the late fifth and early fourth centuries, the hope for alliance with Achaemenid Persia. Tissaphernes’ quarrels with his Spartan allies during the early phase of Persian intervention in the Peloponnesian War led to a wide-spread Greek belief, encouraged by Alkibiades, that Persia might transfer its support to the Athenians. Thucydides, while agreeing with contemporary theories of Tissaphernes’ secret hostility to the Spartan war effort, reconstructs Tissaphernes’ motives in order to challenge Alkibiadean ideas of Persian friendship for Athens.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114407915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tony Harrison’s dramatic works frequently engage with issues of cultural memory, both what is remembered and what is forgotten. In most instances, Harrison explores these issues by engaging with canonical texts, which, like certain examples of material culture—particularly monumental architecture—are marked by both their duration and by the accretion of a multiplicity of interpretations and symbolic functions. These works become, to use Pierre Nora’s term, lieux de mémoire, “sites of memory,” endowed by the collective cultural imagination with a symbolic aura. Nora noted “that lieux de mémoire only exist because of their capacity for metamorphosis, an endless recycling of their meaning and an unpredictable proliferation of their ramifications” (19). It is with the metamorphic nature of mythic characters, texts, and sites that Harrison engages as they provide him spaces endowed with significance by both the past and the present: these are spaces in which collective and cultural memory has been repeatedly constructed through the centuries. Numerous aspects of memory in Harrison’s work could be fruitfully explored, but this paper limits itself to a relatively brief discussion of Harrison’s examination of remembrance, or the lack thereof, in the mythic examples of Hecuba, Medea, and Hercules, and the historical figures such as Faustina and the anonymous victims of contemporary conflicts.
{"title":"\"Remembrance is Not Enough\": The Political Function of Tony Harrison’s Poetry","authors":"H. Marshall","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2008.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2008.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Tony Harrison’s dramatic works frequently engage with issues of cultural memory, both what is remembered and what is forgotten. In most instances, Harrison explores these issues by engaging with canonical texts, which, like certain examples of material culture—particularly monumental architecture—are marked by both their duration and by the accretion of a multiplicity of interpretations and symbolic functions. These works become, to use Pierre Nora’s term, lieux de mémoire, “sites of memory,” endowed by the collective cultural imagination with a symbolic aura. Nora noted “that lieux de mémoire only exist because of their capacity for metamorphosis, an endless recycling of their meaning and an unpredictable proliferation of their ramifications” (19). It is with the metamorphic nature of mythic characters, texts, and sites that Harrison engages as they provide him spaces endowed with significance by both the past and the present: these are spaces in which collective and cultural memory has been repeatedly constructed through the centuries. Numerous aspects of memory in Harrison’s work could be fruitfully explored, but this paper limits itself to a relatively brief discussion of Harrison’s examination of remembrance, or the lack thereof, in the mythic examples of Hecuba, Medea, and Hercules, and the historical figures such as Faustina and the anonymous victims of contemporary conflicts.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127015307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is the first major attempt since J. P. Sullivan’s 1964 book Ezra Pound and Sextus Propertius. A Study in Creative Translation to assess the precise translational methods, structural organization, and poetic success of Ezra Pound’s Homage to Sextus Propertius. The assessment is based on an exhaustive line-by-line collation of the twelve English poems in the Homage with their disparate and fragmented sources in Propertius’ Latin. Pound used Lucian Müller’s nineteenth-century Teubner edition of Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius for his Latin text. Since that is not readily available outside a major research library, the Latin text in Goold’s Loeb Library edition of Propertius, the best now available, was collated against Müller and the Homage. An appended table summarizes the results in easily readable form. The paper first cites the ancient testimonia to correct widespread errors about Propertius’s style and then falls into two parts: the first provides a section-by-section analysis of the techniques used by Pound in translating Propertius, the second explores the claim that the poem is a great technical feat in structural organization, versification, and English poetry.
{"title":"Reassessing Ezra Pound’s Homage to Sextus Propertius","authors":"Steven J. Willett","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2005.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2005.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first major attempt since J. P. Sullivan’s 1964 book Ezra Pound and Sextus Propertius. A Study in Creative Translation to assess the precise translational methods, structural organization, and poetic success of Ezra Pound’s Homage to Sextus Propertius. The assessment is based on an exhaustive line-by-line collation of the twelve English poems in the Homage with their disparate and fragmented sources in Propertius’ Latin. Pound used Lucian Müller’s nineteenth-century Teubner edition of Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius for his Latin text. Since that is not readily available outside a major research library, the Latin text in Goold’s Loeb Library edition of Propertius, the best now available, was collated against Müller and the Homage. An appended table summarizes the results in easily readable form. The paper first cites the ancient testimonia to correct widespread errors about Propertius’s style and then falls into two parts: the first provides a section-by-section analysis of the techniques used by Pound in translating Propertius, the second explores the claim that the poem is a great technical feat in structural organization, versification, and English poetry.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127186277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although Achilles is fated to be the greatest warrior the Greeks had ever known, his mother tries to keep him out of the Trojan war by disguising him as a girl. Her plan is foiled only by Odysseus’ clever use of what we now call “game theory,” a sub-field of economics that often deals with truth-telling and truth-inducement. Odysseus pierces Achilles’ disguise by employing what is known as a “separating equilibrium.” Odysseus himself is recruited to fight at Troy only after a separating equilibrium establishes his own sanity. In game theory, separating equilibria can be used to induce truth. For example, assume that a person is either of type X or type Y. No one but this person initially knows his type and this person wants people to think he is of type X. If the individual is rational, asking him what his type is will provide no useful information. To achieve truth-inducement, one would have to create circumstances in which type X and type Y would act differently or have different characteristics. Separating equilibria, commonly taught in undergraduate economics courses, provide a unique and useful approach to studying truth-inducement in Greek myth.1 Such an econom-
{"title":"Truth-Inducement in Greek Myth","authors":"D. Felton, James D. Miller","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2002.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2002.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Although Achilles is fated to be the greatest warrior the Greeks had ever known, his mother tries to keep him out of the Trojan war by disguising him as a girl. Her plan is foiled only by Odysseus’ clever use of what we now call “game theory,” a sub-field of economics that often deals with truth-telling and truth-inducement. Odysseus pierces Achilles’ disguise by employing what is known as a “separating equilibrium.” Odysseus himself is recruited to fight at Troy only after a separating equilibrium establishes his own sanity. In game theory, separating equilibria can be used to induce truth. For example, assume that a person is either of type X or type Y. No one but this person initially knows his type and this person wants people to think he is of type X. If the individual is rational, asking him what his type is will provide no useful information. To achieve truth-inducement, one would have to create circumstances in which type X and type Y would act differently or have different characteristics. Separating equilibria, commonly taught in undergraduate economics courses, provide a unique and useful approach to studying truth-inducement in Greek myth.1 Such an econom-","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132930351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first part of this paper discusses several effects Virgil achieves by delaying the decisive encounter between Aeneas and Turnus for the greater part of Aeneid 12: these include multiple indirect encounters between the two characters, a dense web of allusions casting Turnus and the Latins in roles that recall the doomed Trojans, and several anticipations of events that lie beyond the end of the narrative proper. The second part re-examines the end of the book against this background and in the light of recent discussions, emphasizing Virgil’s complex view of Aeneas’ actions and of human action in general.
{"title":"The Last Book of the Aeneid","authors":"R. Tarrant","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2004.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2004.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The first part of this paper discusses several effects Virgil achieves by delaying the decisive encounter between Aeneas and Turnus for the greater part of Aeneid 12: these include multiple indirect encounters between the two characters, a dense web of allusions casting Turnus and the Latins in roles that recall the doomed Trojans, and several anticipations of events that lie beyond the end of the narrative proper. The second part re-examines the end of the book against this background and in the light of recent discussions, emphasizing Virgil’s complex view of Aeneas’ actions and of human action in general.","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121398160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2006 Panel: Classical Drama as Political Drama","authors":"E. Dugdale","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2008.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2008.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116669081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the Rhetoric (Part 1): Juvenal and the Roman Élite in Satires 1–3","authors":"P. Tennant","doi":"10.1353/SYL.2001.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.2001.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114485594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen 45 is a remarkable poem in the Catullan corpus. An erotic dialogue between two lovers who appear only here in the collection, the duet of Acme and Septimius stands apart from Catullus' other amatory epigrams. Belonging neither to the Lesbia cycle nor to the Juventius cycle, die idylUc account of this hyperbolically blissful couple contrasts sharply with the emotional intensity and earnestness of Catullus' other expressions of love. As E. Havelock observes, this "little lovedrama" is one of only two poems in the entire corpus which "are detached from the immediate concerns of [the poet's] daily Ufe."1 A. Wheeler classifies the piece with the few Catullan "ideal or purely fanciful poems . . . which have no basis in reaUty."2 In a similar vein, M. Skinner reads this "cool, stylized, and detached" idyll as "differ[ing] radically from the Lesbia sequence."3 But the poem is remarkable also for its careful and meticulous form. Its tripartite structure, consisting of two stanzas of nine Unes each followed by a closing stanza of eight lines, has been Ukened to die arrangement of verses in Greek tragic choruses: critics have applied the terms strophe, antistrophe, and epode to the piece.4 Especially remarkable is the arrangement of the nine occurrences of the names of Acme and Septimius. The opening sequence "Acmen-Septimius-Acme" in lines 1-2 is repeated in the final
{"title":"Acme and Septimius Recounted: Catullus 45","authors":"Rick M. Newton","doi":"10.1353/SYL.1996.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SYL.1996.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Carmen 45 is a remarkable poem in the Catullan corpus. An erotic dialogue between two lovers who appear only here in the collection, the duet of Acme and Septimius stands apart from Catullus' other amatory epigrams. Belonging neither to the Lesbia cycle nor to the Juventius cycle, die idylUc account of this hyperbolically blissful couple contrasts sharply with the emotional intensity and earnestness of Catullus' other expressions of love. As E. Havelock observes, this \"little lovedrama\" is one of only two poems in the entire corpus which \"are detached from the immediate concerns of [the poet's] daily Ufe.\"1 A. Wheeler classifies the piece with the few Catullan \"ideal or purely fanciful poems . . . which have no basis in reaUty.\"2 In a similar vein, M. Skinner reads this \"cool, stylized, and detached\" idyll as \"differ[ing] radically from the Lesbia sequence.\"3 But the poem is remarkable also for its careful and meticulous form. Its tripartite structure, consisting of two stanzas of nine Unes each followed by a closing stanza of eight lines, has been Ukened to die arrangement of verses in Greek tragic choruses: critics have applied the terms strophe, antistrophe, and epode to the piece.4 Especially remarkable is the arrangement of the nine occurrences of the names of Acme and Septimius. The opening sequence \"Acmen-Septimius-Acme\" in lines 1-2 is repeated in the final","PeriodicalId":402432,"journal":{"name":"Syllecta Classica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115393522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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