Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20232202.71
Tobias Hübinette
This article consists of a study of how the first wave of Korean adoptees to Sweden were imagined and represented in a political debate that raged throughout the 1960s concerning whether or not Swedes would adopt non-white children from abroad. The study examines how the arrival of the Korean adoptees came to transform Swedes’ attitude to race and the relationship between race and Swedishness, and how they made it possible for Sweden to transition from a country with a racial obsession to an antiracist nation in the 1960s, whenSweden was one of the Western world’s whitest and most racially homogeneous countries.
{"title":"Overseas Korean Adoption and the\u0000Birth of Swedish Color-blindness: A Study of How Korean Adoptees Transformed Sweden’s Attitude to Race and the Relationship between Race and Swedishness","authors":"Tobias Hübinette","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20232202.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20232202.71","url":null,"abstract":"This article consists of a study of how the first wave of Korean adoptees to Sweden were imagined and represented in a political debate that raged throughout the 1960s concerning whether or not Swedes would adopt non-white children from abroad. The study examines how the arrival of the Korean adoptees came to transform Swedes’ attitude to race and the relationship between race and Swedishness, and how they made it possible for Sweden to transition from a country with a racial obsession to an antiracist nation in the 1960s, whenSweden was one of the Western world’s whitest and most racially homogeneous countries.","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80551635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20232202.127
AhRan Ellie-BAe
In postwar southern Korea from 1945, the term ch’inilp’a is loosely used to describe a wide range of collaboration during the Japanese-administered colonial period. Although the term has been used to include questionable acts, many ambiguities among the criteria of ch’inilp’a are often overlooked or ignored. Tracing the origin of the criteria, this article considers how the term ch’inilp’a was defined, specifically within the Puil hyŏmnyŏkcha, minjok panyŏkcha, chŏnpŏm, kansangbae e taehan t’ŭkpyŏl pŏmnyul chorye (附日協力者・民族反逆者・戦犯・奸商. 輩에 대한特別法律条例 Special Law on Pro-Japanese, National Traitors, Warmongers, and Profiteers) of 1947 and the Panminjok haengwi ch’ŏbŏlbŏp (反民族行為処罰法 National Traitor Law) of 1948.
在1945年战后的韩国南部，“合作”一词被宽泛地用来描述日本殖民统治时期的广泛合作。虽然这一术语已被用来包括有问题的行为，但“犯罪”标准中的许多含糊之处往往被忽视或忽视。跟踪标准的起源,本文认为术语ch 'inilp如何被定义,特别在Puil hyŏmnyŏkcha, minjok公司ŏkcha, chŏnpŏm, kansangbae e taehan t 'ŭkpyŏl pŏmnyul chorye(附日協力者・民族反逆者・戦犯・奸商。1947年的《关于亲日、国奸、战争贩子和奸商的特别法》和1948年的《国奸法ŏbŏlbŏp》。
{"title":"A Reconsideration of the Ch’inilp’a (Pro-Japanese Collaborators) Criteria: Discussions Surrounding the 1947 and the 1948 Legislations","authors":"AhRan Ellie-BAe","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20232202.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20232202.127","url":null,"abstract":"In postwar southern Korea from 1945, the term ch’inilp’a is loosely used to describe a wide range of collaboration during the Japanese-administered colonial period. Although the term has been used to include questionable acts, many ambiguities among the criteria of ch’inilp’a are often overlooked or ignored. Tracing the origin of the criteria, this article considers how the term ch’inilp’a was defined, specifically within the Puil hyŏmnyŏkcha, minjok panyŏkcha, chŏnpŏm, kansangbae e taehan t’ŭkpyŏl pŏmnyul chorye (附日協力者・民族反逆者・戦犯・奸商. 輩에 대한特別法律条例 Special Law on Pro-Japanese, National Traitors, Warmongers, and Profiteers) of 1947 and the Panminjok haengwi ch’ŏbŏlbŏp (反民族行為処罰法 National Traitor Law) of 1948.","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86105027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20232202.11
Yonson Ahn
In the framework of the former West German government’s “guest worker” (Gastarbeiter) recruitment policy between 1955 and 1973, more than 11,000 South Korean nurses and nurse assistants moved to Germany to work in medical or nursing institutions to fill a gap in the provision of healthcare services as “guest workers.” Drawing on personal accounts, the current empirical study explores mothering practices primarily between the 1960s and 1990s in the families of Korean migrant healthcare workers who resided in Germany over the course of their working lives and/or returned to Korea. This study charts the manner in which these migrant mothers navigated and balanced competing social discourses around mothering that emerged from the different cultural and historical backgrounds in a new host society. The concepts around mothering consist of the ideology of “intensive mothering,” the Confucian ideal of “wise mother and good wife,” and the German notion of the “raven mother.” Special attention is paid to the way in which mothering is negotiated and experienced by migrant mothers in gendered family roles over the time—the period from childhood to adulthood—spent in the host country. Various practices and strategies for childcare arrangements and education in sustaining a migrant family in the host country are discussed. Another salient question to explore is the manner in which the migrants’ ethnic culture and values inform their ethno-specific mothering practices. In this respect, the demands and aspirations of cross-cultural mothering to raise children with dual-cultural competence in both the culture of origin and that of destination are explored
{"title":"Maternal Practices of Korean Healthcare Workers in Germany","authors":"Yonson Ahn","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20232202.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20232202.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of the former West German government’s “guest worker”\u0000(Gastarbeiter) recruitment policy between 1955 and 1973, more than 11,000 South Korean nurses and nurse assistants moved to Germany to work in medical or nursing institutions to fill a gap in the provision of healthcare services as “guest workers.” Drawing on personal accounts, the current empirical study explores mothering practices primarily between the 1960s and 1990s in the families of Korean migrant healthcare workers who resided in Germany over the course of their working lives and/or returned to Korea. This study charts the manner in which these migrant mothers navigated and balanced competing social discourses around mothering that emerged from the different cultural and historical backgrounds in a new host society. The concepts around mothering consist of the ideology of “intensive mothering,” the Confucian ideal of “wise mother and good wife,” and the German notion of the “raven mother.” Special attention is\u0000paid to the way in which mothering is negotiated and experienced by migrant mothers in gendered family roles over the time—the period from childhood to adulthood—spent in the host country. Various practices and strategies for childcare arrangements and education in sustaining a migrant family in the host country are discussed. Another salient question to explore is the manner in which the migrants’ ethnic culture and values inform their ethno-specific mothering practices. In this respect, the demands and aspirations of cross-cultural mothering to raise children with dual-cultural competence in both the culture of origin and that of destination are explored","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76199553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20222201.125
Zhanna Son, K. Sheiko
This article explores the revival, scale, and success of Protestantism as the result of Korean missionary activity in post-Soviet Russia. The authors argue that the post-Soviet religious rebirth and subsequent revival of Russia’s Protestantism, especially in the Far Eastern region of the country, has largely been the product of the activity of South Korean Protestant religious organizations. The pioneering analysis of the Korean missions’ work in Russia analyzes their proselytizing works on a grassroots level. The authors elucidate the societal role and status that Protestantism has historically had in Russia and explore the inter-confessional dialogue between contemporary Orthodoxy and Protestantism. They argue that despite the existing negative stereotypes and civilizational challenges, the post-Soviet version of Protestantism has become an inseparable part of Russia’s religious tapestry. For the first time, the authors collected a sample of Russia’s Protestant churches created under the auspices of Korean missionaries. Additionally, the research also presents a contemporary statistical overview of Russia’s Protestant churches. Finally, this article emphasizes a consistent duality of the Russian state’s attitude toward Protestantism evident throughout its consecutive historical periods.
{"title":"The Evolution of Protestantism in Post-Soviet Russia and the Impact\u0000of South Korean Missionaries","authors":"Zhanna Son, K. Sheiko","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20222201.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20222201.125","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the revival, scale, and success of Protestantism as the result of Korean missionary activity in post-Soviet Russia. The authors argue that the post-Soviet religious rebirth and subsequent revival of Russia’s Protestantism, especially in the Far Eastern region of the country, has largely been the product of the activity of South Korean Protestant religious organizations. The pioneering analysis of the Korean missions’ work in Russia analyzes their proselytizing works on a\u0000grassroots level. The authors elucidate the societal role and status that Protestantism has historically had in Russia and explore the inter-confessional dialogue between contemporary Orthodoxy and Protestantism. They argue that despite the existing negative stereotypes and civilizational challenges, the post-Soviet version of Protestantism has become an inseparable part of Russia’s religious tapestry. For\u0000the first time, the authors collected a sample of Russia’s Protestant churches created under the auspices of Korean missionaries. Additionally, the research also presents a contemporary statistical overview of Russia’s Protestant churches. Finally, this article emphasizes a consistent duality of the Russian state’s attitude toward\u0000Protestantism evident throughout its consecutive historical periods.","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91208204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20222201.43
Felicia Istad
Countries have long considered immigrant entrepreneurship and high-skilled immigration as crucial sources of economic growth and innovation. Still, little is known about what governments do to attract, support, and retain tech entrepreneurs with foreign backgrounds. This article examines startup programs in South Korea. It demonstrates how the demand for tech entrepreneurship is approached through a new set of policies, conceptualized in this study as (im)migrant startup programs. Through these policies, the South Korean government simultaneously supports immigrant residents with opportunities for entrepreneurship while facilitating the additional immigration of high-skilled entrepreneurs. (Im)migrant startup programs are characterized by intersecting elements of innovation, entrepreneurship, and immigration policies. This combination distinguishes the approach from previously observed skills-based visas, investment programs, and economic integration strategies. The findings are discussed with implications for the global competition for talent and the mobility of high-skilled entrepreneurs.
{"title":"In Search of Talent: Startup Policy in South Korea","authors":"Felicia Istad","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20222201.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20222201.43","url":null,"abstract":"Countries have long considered immigrant entrepreneurship and high-skilled immigration as crucial sources of economic growth and innovation. Still, little is known about what governments do to attract, support, and retain tech entrepreneurs with foreign backgrounds. This article examines startup programs in South Korea. It demonstrates how the demand for tech entrepreneurship is approached through a new set of policies, conceptualized in this study as (im)migrant startup programs. Through these policies, the South Korean government simultaneously supports immigrant residents with opportunities for entrepreneurship while facilitating the additional immigration of high-skilled entrepreneurs. (Im)migrant startup programs are characterized by intersecting elements of innovation, entrepreneurship, and immigration policies. This combination distinguishes the approach from previously observed skills-based visas, investment programs, and economic integration strategies. The findings are discussed with implications for the global competition for talent and the mobility of high-skilled entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84849481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20222201.7
Kyoung-Suk Cho
This study investigates the process of digital communication transformation following the specific policies of each South Korean administration. During the last twenty-five years, various political issues have arisen within Korean digital society, and each South Korean government has had to cope with those issues. However, the attitudes of the various political parties in South Korea toward the social issues resulting from digital communication have been very different.These attitudes can be generally divided into either mobilizational or controlling in relation to digital communication, which this paper will refer to as either “progressive” or “conservative.” Although digital communication technology has continuously evolved alongside political transformation, the development of South Korean democracy has varied depending on the strategies and approaches of different administrations
{"title":"Transformation of South Korean Government Digital Communications","authors":"Kyoung-Suk Cho","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20222201.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20222201.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the process of digital communication transformation following the specific policies of each South Korean administration. During the last twenty-five years, various political issues have arisen within Korean digital society, and each South Korean government has had to cope with those issues. However, the attitudes of the various political parties in South Korea toward the social issues resulting from digital communication have been very different.These attitudes can be generally divided into either mobilizational or controlling in relation to digital communication, which this paper will refer to as either “progressive” or “conservative.” Although digital communication technology has continuously evolved alongside political transformation, the development of South Korean democracy has varied depending on the strategies and approaches of different administrations","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86769579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20222201.183
A. Kim, M. Surzhik, Aleksei Mamychev
Asyandi (асянди) in Hamgyŏng dialect (in Seoul dialect, tol 돌) is one of the most important holidays in the Korean diaspora around the world. It is the celebration of the first birthday of a child. In addition to an evening meal organized in honor of the birthday child, a form of divination is also carried out in the morning. This event, according to Korean tradition, determines the life of the child. The form of divination in the Primorye region is very different from the equivalent event in areas of the Korean Peninsula in modern times. The aim of this research note is to study asyandi as an event and consider its significance and processes in the local Korean diaspora in the southern part of the Russian Far East where this celebration is observed.
{"title":"The Celebration of Children’s First Birthday (Asyandi/асянди) in the Korean Community of the Primorye Region in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: History and Significance","authors":"A. Kim, M. Surzhik, Aleksei Mamychev","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20222201.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20222201.183","url":null,"abstract":"Asyandi (асянди) in Hamgyŏng dialect (in Seoul dialect, tol 돌) is one of the most important holidays in the Korean diaspora around the world. It is the celebration of the first birthday of a child. In addition to an evening meal organized in honor of the birthday child, a form of divination is also carried out in the morning. This event, according to Korean tradition, determines the life of the child. The form of divination in the Primorye region is very different from the equivalent event in areas of the Korean Peninsula in modern times. The aim of this research note is to study asyandi as an event and consider its significance and processes in the local Korean diaspora in the southern part of the Russian Far East where this celebration is observed.","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77159605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20222201.161
Daria Grishina
This paper examines the Chosŏn government’s first attempt to establish legations abroad, carried out in July–November of 1887. Taking that time’s geopolitical and internal situation into account, the author analyzes such events as the anti-Foulk campaign (early 1887) and the coup d’état rumors (summer of 1887) as factors that ensured the smooth dispatching of the Chosŏn (Korea) embassy to Japan in early August 1887. The geopolitical situation that surrounded the Korean Peninsula in late summer–autumn of 1887 will be analyzed as a factor, complicating the dispatch of Chosŏn diplomats to the United States and Europe later that year. In order to achieve these, and to reveal the deception and manipulation behind King Kojong’s actions at the time, the author relies on the analysis of Russian, Korean, and English primary sources.
{"title":"The King’s Gambit: Kojong’s Initiative to Set Up Chosŏn Legations in Japan, the United States, and Europe in 1887","authors":"Daria Grishina","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20222201.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20222201.161","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the Chosŏn government’s first attempt to establish legations abroad, carried out in July–November of 1887. Taking that time’s geopolitical and internal situation into account, the author analyzes such events as the anti-Foulk campaign (early 1887) and the coup d’état rumors (summer of 1887) as factors that ensured the smooth dispatching of the Chosŏn (Korea) embassy to Japan in early August 1887. The geopolitical situation that surrounded the Korean Peninsula in late summer–autumn of 1887 will be analyzed as a factor, complicating the dispatch of Chosŏn diplomats to the United States and Europe later that year. In order to achieve these, and to reveal the deception and manipulation behind King Kojong’s actions at the time, the author relies on the analysis of Russian, Korean, and English primary sources.","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90743567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last decade, there has been growing academic interest in new public diplomacy, which anticipates a more collaborative approach to international relations and contributes to mutual understanding among nations and foreign publics. One of the central debates in recent public diplomacy research concerns the role and place of the new public diplomacy actors. This study aims to identify public diplomacy actors and their role in South Korea’s public diplomacy strategies in Uzbekistan, thereby providing additional insight into the implementation and development of public diplomacy mechanisms. Furthermore, the article explores and analyses the relationship between state and non-state actors to examine how these networks collaborate to promote South Korea’s national image. The findings show that South Korea has actively used cultural organizations, educational institutions, hospitals, and businesses as public diplomacy tools in Uzbekistan. The study also found that Koryŏin, or the local Korean diaspora, takes a special place in South Korea’s strategies
{"title":"South Korea’s Public Diplomacy Actors in Uzbekistan","authors":"Natalya Steane, Eunjung Hwang, Salvatore Coluccello","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20222201.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20222201.95","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, there has been growing academic interest in new public diplomacy, which anticipates a more collaborative approach to international relations and contributes to mutual understanding among nations and foreign publics. One of the central debates in recent public diplomacy research concerns the role and place of the new public diplomacy actors. This study aims to identify public diplomacy actors and their role in South Korea’s public diplomacy strategies in Uzbekistan, thereby providing additional insight into the implementation and development of public diplomacy mechanisms. Furthermore, the article explores and analyses the relationship between state and non-state actors to examine how these networks collaborate to promote South Korea’s national image. The findings show that South Korea has actively used cultural organizations, educational institutions, hospitals, and businesses as public diplomacy tools in Uzbekistan. The study also found that Koryŏin, or the local Korean diaspora, takes a special place in South Korea’s strategies","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88541245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20222201.71
E. Varpahovskis
It is widely accepted that South Korea has obtained middle-power status because it has fulfilled the necessary behavioral principles in its diplomacy. Even though the Republic of Korea is an active player in Central Asia, the topic of relationships between South Korea and Central Asian republics has barely been explored. Using case studies, the author attempts to evaluate how much South Korea’s policy matches its middle-power status in relationships with two major partners in the region—Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The author concludes that South Korea’s policy toward the two Central Asian partners only partly matches middle-power behavior criteria. The article discusses the practical obstacles to South Korea’s middle-power diplomacy toward Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and elaborates on the shortcomings of the middle-power concept as an analytical framework.
{"title":"Does South Korea Exercise Middle-Power Diplomacy Toward Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan?","authors":"E. Varpahovskis","doi":"10.33526/ejks.20222201.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33526/ejks.20222201.71","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that South Korea has obtained middle-power status because it has fulfilled the necessary behavioral principles in its diplomacy. Even though the Republic of Korea is an active player in Central Asia, the topic of relationships between South Korea and Central Asian republics has barely been explored. Using case studies, the author attempts to evaluate how much South Korea’s policy matches its middle-power status in relationships with two major partners in the region—Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The author concludes that South\u0000Korea’s policy toward the two Central Asian partners only partly matches middle-power behavior criteria. The article discusses the practical obstacles to South Korea’s middle-power diplomacy toward Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and elaborates on the shortcomings of the middle-power concept as an analytical framework.","PeriodicalId":40316,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Korean Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87166884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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