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Islamophobia Discourse via Online Rumors in Korea: Focusing on the Rumor “How Lebanon, which was a Christian Country, became an Islamic Country?” and the “Taharrush Game” 韩国网络谣言中的伊斯兰恐惧症话语——以“黎巴嫩如何从基督教国家变成伊斯兰国家?”和“塔哈拉什游戏”
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212101.291
Kyungsoon Lee
This paper aims to explore the current status of the phenomena of online Islamophobia in Korea and how hate rumours affect internet users. The paper analyses Islamophobic information that flows online in Korean society with two particular rumors as examples, “Taharrush Game” and “How Lebanon, which was a Christian Country, became an Islamic Country?” To identify Islamophobic fake news in Korea, the study reviewed previous cases of fake news in Korea and examined the processes of creation and dissemination of Islamophobic fake news through a review of the literature. Moreover, using the survey method and examining online postings, this paper analyzed the current situation of Islamophobic disinformation in South Korea.
本文旨在探讨韩国网络伊斯兰恐惧症现象的现状以及仇恨谣言如何影响互联网用户。本文以“塔哈拉什游戏”和“黎巴嫩是如何从基督教国家变成伊斯兰国家的?”这两个谣言为例,分析了韩国社会网络上的伊斯兰恐惧症信息。为了识别韩国的伊斯兰恐惧症假新闻,本研究回顾了韩国以前的假新闻案例,并通过文献综述检查了伊斯兰恐惧症假新闻的创造和传播过程。此外,本文采用问卷调查法和网络帖子调查法,分析了韩国伊斯兰恐惧症虚假信息的现状。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging the “Hierarchy of Nationhood”: Diasporic Entitlement and the Case of Korean Chinese (Chosŏnjok) in South Korea 挑战“国家的等级制度”:在韩国的侨民权利和朝鲜族华人的案例(Chosŏnjok)
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212101.67
Timothy Lim, Changzoo Song
With about 7.5 million people, the Korean diaspora is concentrated in China, Japan, North America, and the former Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, many ethnic Koreans have been “returning” to South Korea, their putative ethnic homeland. Significantly, their treatment by the state has been unequal: On issues of residency and employment rights, ethnic Koreans from China (Chosŏnjok) and the former Soviet Union were relegated to second-class status compared to those from North America. This inequality is encapsulated in the phrase, used by a number of scholars, the “hierarchy of nationhood.” Surprisingly, perhaps, the Chosŏnjok community challenged this unequal treatment by asserting rights based on colonial victimhood, ethnic sameness, and cultural authenticity. While such expressions of entitlement are not unusual among marginalized diasporic groups, the Chosŏnjok achieved something remarkable, namely, they succeeded in gaining political and economic rights initially denied by the Korean state. Simply put, they successfully challenged the hierarchy of nationhood. Using a discursive institutional framework, we endeavor to explain how and why entitlement claims by the Chosŏnjok were effective. More specifically, we argue that the struggle by Chosŏnjok to overturn the hierarchy of nationhood had little to nothing to do with a coercive, dyadic power struggle against the Korean state, but was instead a fundamentally discursive struggle, which itself is a product or reflection of discursive agency, both on the part of Chosŏnjok but also, crucially, on the part of their key allies—religious leaders and civic organizations—in South Korea.
韩国侨民约有750万人,主要分布在中国、日本、北美和前苏联。自上世纪90年代以来,许多朝鲜族一直在“返回”韩国——他们假定的民族家园。尤其值得注意的是,在居住权和雇佣权方面,中国(Chosŏnjok)和前苏联朝鲜族与北美朝鲜族相比,处于次等地位。这种不平等被许多学者概括为“国家的等级制度”。或许令人惊讶的是,Chosŏnjok社群挑战这种不平等待遇,主张基于殖民受害者身份、种族同一性和文化真实性的权利。虽然这种权利的表达在被边缘化的流散群体中并不罕见,但Chosŏnjok取得了一些非凡的成就,即他们成功地获得了最初被韩国国家剥夺的政治和经济权利。简单地说,他们成功地挑战了国家的等级制度。使用话语制度框架,我们试图解释Chosŏnjok的权利主张是如何以及为什么有效的。更具体地说,我们认为Chosŏnjok推翻国家等级制度的斗争与针对韩国国家的强制性、二元权力斗争几乎没有关系,而是一种根本上的话语斗争,它本身是话语代理的产物或反映,既是Chosŏnjok的一部分,也是至关重要的,在韩国,他们的关键盟友——宗教领袖和公民组织的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Contemporary Re-Interpretations of the Colonial Past Through the Biopics of Two Koreans: Park Kyŏng-Wŏn and Kim Sin-Rak 从两个韩国人的传记片对殖民历史的当代再解释:朴Kyŏng-Wŏn和金信洛
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212101.43
Álvaro Trigo Maldonado
In the past few years, the South Korean film industry has released a growing number of Korean movies set in the colonial period. This essay focuses on how these films deal with the painful memory of occupation. More specifically, the analysis will be centered on two biopics with narratives that differ from what could be argued to be the mainstream portrayals of the colonial period, which tend to depict the struggle of Korean freedom-fighters under Japanese rule. Moreover, this essay reflects on the meaning of reinterpreting the past through cinema.
在过去的几年里,韩国电影行业发行了越来越多的以殖民时期为背景的韩国电影。本文主要探讨这些电影是如何处理痛苦的占领记忆的。更具体地说,分析将集中在两部传记片上,它们的叙事与殖民时期的主流叙事不同,后者倾向于描绘日本统治下的韩国自由战士的斗争。此外,本文还反思了通过电影重新诠释过去的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Incongruity of Nationalisms? Interactions between Korean National History and American Historians of Korea, the 1910s to 1980s 民族主义的不协调?20世纪10年代至80年代,韩国国史与美国韩国史家的互动
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212002.397
V. Tikhonov
The heuristic starting point for this paper is a critical approach to the enterprise of modern historiography per se, based on the understanding of it as inherently bound by teleological epistemology. While “Korean nationalism” is the usual vantage point for the critique of modern Korean historiography, the current article attempts to reverse this analytical perspective and re-assess a number of attempts to write on Korean history by US-based historians of Korea in the 1910s–1980s as reflections of inherently self-centric picture of the world. In this Eurocentric picture, traditional Korea was locked into a historical trajectory via which “modernity” was unachievable.
本文的启发式起点是对现代史学事业本身的一种批判方法,基于对它被目的论认识论固有约束的理解。虽然“韩国民族主义”通常是现代韩国史学批判的有利视角,但本文试图扭转这种分析视角,并重新评估美国韩国历史学家在20世纪10年代至80年代对韩国历史的一些尝试,这些尝试是对固有的自我中心世界图景的反映。在这种以欧洲为中心的图景中,传统的韩国被锁定在一个无法实现“现代性”的历史轨迹中。
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引用次数: 0
Islamic Studies of Korea in Medieval Scripts: Medieval Muslims’ perception of Korea “as a Muslims’ Paradise” and the Influence of Ancient Civilizations’ Golden Island in the Sea East of the Eastern End of the World 中世纪文字中的朝鲜伊斯兰研究:中世纪穆斯林对朝鲜“作为穆斯林的天堂”的看法与世界东端以东海域古代文明金岛的影响
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212101.323
J. Jeong
Silla was one of two places in East Asia frequently described by medieval Muslim writers from the mid ninth-century onwards. The earliest study of Silla in antique documents can be traced back to eighteenth-century Arabists who attached a short note to the word “Sīlā” when editing or translating manuscripts.1 From the nineteenth century, not only in quantitative terms but also qualitatively, Muslim authors’ eagerness to catalogue their knowledge about Silla caught the attention of contemporary scholars in both the East and West. In addition to Europeans, Japanese academics attempted to study the definition of Silla at this time, and owing to the colonization of Korea, Silla came to be considered not only as part of Korean, but also Japanese “history.” From the early twentieth century, pioneering Korean scholars were also challenged by the task of deciphering medieval Muslim knowledge of Silla, often in conjunction with Arabic researchers.
从9世纪中期开始,新罗是东亚两个经常被中世纪穆斯林作家描述的地方之一。古代文献中对新罗的最早研究可以追溯到18世纪的阿拉伯人,他们在编辑或翻译手稿时,在“s ā lha”一词后面附加了一个简短的注释从19世纪开始,不仅在数量上,而且在质量上,穆斯林作家急于将他们关于新罗的知识编目,引起了东西方当代学者的注意。除了欧洲人,当时日本学者也试图研究新罗的定义,由于朝鲜的殖民统治,新罗不仅被认为是韩国的一部分,而且被认为是日本的“历史”。从20世纪初开始,韩国的先驱学者也面临着破译中世纪穆斯林新罗知识的挑战,他们通常与阿拉伯研究人员合作。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation of Western Modern Concepts in Modern Korean Architecture in the Early Twentieth Century: Through the Perspective of Science, Efficiency, and Hygiene 20世纪初西方现代理念在现代韩国建筑中的适应:从科学、效率和卫生的角度看
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212101.127
Myengsoo Seo
This research explores the characteristics of Korean early modern architecture in the early twentieth century. Modern Korean architecture experienced conflicts and continuities between tradition and modernity from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries. To evaluate these various influences, this article considers Korean early modern architecture through the perspective of such modern concepts as “science,” “efficiency,” and “hygiene.” These modern concepts emerged first in the West before the nineteenth century, and they played significant roles in constructing a modern society in the West and the East. By investigating how these modern concepts were adopted in Korea in the early twentieth century, this research scrutinizes not only individual architects such as Park Gilryong and Park Dongjin but also newly constructed buildings such as kwansa (official residences of Japanese ministries) and sat’aek (company housing), especially during the Japanese colonial period. Furthermore, this research goes beyond Korean architecture to encompass regional and cultural differences. This research enables early modern Korean architecture to find its identity through the approach of social and cultural contexts, and by comparison with Western architectural culture.
本研究探讨二十世纪初韩国早期现代建筑的特点。从19世纪末到20世纪初,现代韩国建筑经历了传统与现代之间的冲突和延续。为了评估这些不同的影响,本文从“科学”、“效率”和“卫生”等现代概念的角度来考虑韩国早期现代建筑。这些现代概念在19世纪之前首先出现在西方,它们在西方和东方构建现代社会中发挥了重要作用。通过调查这些现代概念在20世纪初是如何在韩国被采用的,本研究不仅仔细研究了像朴吉龙和朴东进这样的个人建筑师,还仔细研究了新建造的建筑,如关山(日本政府部门的官邸)和sat 'aek(公司住宅),特别是在日本殖民时期。此外,这项研究超越了韩国建筑,涵盖了区域和文化差异。这项研究使早期现代韩国建筑通过社会和文化背景的方法,并通过与西方建筑文化的比较,找到自己的身份。
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引用次数: 1
Soviet Koreans in Uzbekistan in the First Year after Deportation in 1937 1937年流放后第一年在乌兹别克斯坦的苏联朝鲜人
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212101.213
A. Kim, M. Surzhik, Aleksei Mamychev
Koreans had lived on the southern territory of the modern Russian Far East before the arrival of Russian pathfinders in these lands. Therefore, they are an indigenous population of the modern Primorye region in the Russia, although, in the nineteenth century the number of Koreans was relatively small in the south of the Russian Far East. Russian Koreans supported the October Revolution and the fight of the Red Army against the old regime for several reasons. Bolsheviks put forward two principles of the new government—land for peasants and equality of peoples. These principles found a response in the broad mass of the Korean and Chinese populations in the Far East. After their victory, the Bolsheviks kept their promises. An area for ethnic Koreans, called Posiet, in the territory of the Primorye region was created, and Koreans resided in 28 districts in three areas of the modern Primorye region. A Korean Education College was created in Nikolsk Ussuriysk-city (modern Ussuriysk-city), as well as Korean language schools, a national theater, Korean-Chinese printers and so on. Korean families usually have many children, so the Koreanpopulation in Russia grew at a fast pace. This Korean population fell victim to the policies of deportation, which were applied to many of the non-Russian peoples of the Far East under Stalin. For many decades such deportations were denied, and then when admitted, the documentary materials surrounding them were unavailable. However, in the 1980s with the development of greater accessibility to archives held by the Russian Federation, the stories of such difficult historical moments are once again visible and reachable. This Research Note, in particular, explores the archival material that exists in the Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF, Государственный архив Российской Федерации, State Archive of the Russian Federation) relating to the deportation of Koreans of Primorye to Uzbekistan.
在俄罗斯探路者到达这片土地之前,韩国人一直生活在现代俄罗斯远东地区的南部地区。因此,他们是现代俄罗斯滨海地区的土著居民,尽管在19世纪,韩国人在俄罗斯远东南部的数量相对较少。俄国朝鲜人支持十月革命和红军反对旧政权的斗争有几个原因。布尔什维克提出了新政府的两个原则:土地归农民,人民平等。这些原则在远东的朝鲜和中国人民中得到了广泛的反响。胜利之后,布尔什维克兑现了他们的诺言。在现在的滨海地区的3个地区中,有28个地区居住着韩国人。在乌苏里斯克市(现乌苏里斯克市)建立了韩国教育学院,并建立了朝鲜语学校、国家剧院、朝鲜文印刷厂等。韩国家庭通常有很多孩子,所以俄罗斯的韩国人口增长速度很快。这些朝鲜人口成为驱逐政策的受害者,这种政策在斯大林统治下适用于远东的许多非俄罗斯民族。几十年来,这种驱逐被拒绝,然后当被承认时,有关他们的文件材料是不可用的。然而,在1980年代,随着对俄罗斯联邦所持档案的更大访问的发展,这些困难的历史时刻的故事再次可见和可触及。本研究说明特别探讨了存在于Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF, Государственный архив Российской Федерации,俄罗斯联邦国家档案馆)中的与滨海边陲韩国人被驱逐到乌兹别克斯坦有关的档案材料。
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引用次数: 0
US Hegemony in Korean Studies and the Soviet Role in Early Postwar Korea 美国在朝鲜研究中的霸权与战后初期苏联在朝鲜的作用
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212002.375
Kathryn Weathersby
This paper examines some of the ways the US-centric framework of Anglophone Korean studies has distorted scholarship on post-colonial Korean history. First, an over-emphasis on the American role in the division of Korea has exaggerated the possibility that the US and USSR could have compromised to create a unified government for the peninsula. The Soviet documentary record reveals that Moscow was determined to obstruct such an outcome if it endangered Soviet security. Second, by focusing on the serious damage the American occupation inflicted on the South, scholars have understated the control Soviet occupation authorities exercised in the North.
本文考察了以美国为中心的以英语为母语的韩国研究框架扭曲了后殖民时期韩国历史学术研究的一些方式。首先,过分强调美国在朝鲜半岛分裂中的作用,夸大了美国和苏联达成妥协、为朝鲜半岛建立一个统一政府的可能性。苏联的文献记录显示,莫斯科决心阻止这样的结果,如果它危及苏联的安全。其次,由于关注美国占领对南方造成的严重损害,学者们低估了苏联占领当局对北方的控制。
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引用次数: 0
Authorship, Co-Production, Plagiarism: Issues of Origin and Provenance in the Korean Studies Community 作者身份、合作制作、抄袭:韩国研究界的起源与出处问题
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212002.345
R. Winstanley-Chesters
The long controversy and struggle over Charles Armstrong’s Tyranny of the Weak may have, for the Korean Studies community felt uniquely transgressive and offensive, but the malfeasance and academic corruption of the episode is not by far the only instance of productive difficulty in the recent history of the academic field. This paper not only attempts to think through questions of authenticity and intellectual ownership in Korean Studies’ difficulties with the writer formerly known as Professor Charles Armstrong, but also to explore other moments of complexity, both historical and contemporary, in the discipline.
对于韩国研究界来说,关于查尔斯·阿姆斯特朗的《弱者的暴政》的长期争论和斗争可能是一种独特的越界和冒犯,但这一事件的渎职和学术腐败并不是最近学术领域历史上唯一一个产生困难的例子。本文不仅试图思考作者查尔斯·阿姆斯特朗(Charles Armstrong)在韩国研究中遇到的困难中的真实性和知识所有权问题,而且还探索了该学科历史和当代的其他复杂时刻。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Hegemony and Neutralization in Korea: Multinational Diplomatic Engagements in the Run-Up to the Russo-Japanese War (1903–1904) 重新思考朝鲜的霸权与中立:日俄战争前的多国外交活动(1903-1904)
IF 0.1 Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.33526/ejks.20212101.97
Sangpil Jin
This article demonstrates that the Russo-Japanese rivalry, far from being just another example of imperialist competition during the Age of Imperialism, can also serve as a useful case study of a diplomatic contest over a periphery between hegemonic powers. During this diplomatic tug-of-war, the Korean peninsula became the focal point of a contest between Japan and Russia. The present study illuminates the interactive processes of major diplomatic engagements between multiple actors through careful use of multi-lingual archives, as well as locates the significant implications of these exchanges for contemporary geopolitical landscapes in the Far East. Ultimately, this research provides an analytical framework for a more in-depth understanding of diplomatic interactions and the impacts of hegemonic struggles in modern Korean history.
这篇文章表明,日俄之间的竞争,远不只是帝国主义时代帝国主义竞争的另一个例子,也可以作为霸权国家之间围绕外围地区的外交竞争的有用案例研究。在这场外交拉锯战中,朝鲜半岛成为日本和俄罗斯争夺的焦点。本研究通过仔细使用多语言档案阐明了多个行动者之间主要外交接触的互动过程,并确定了这些交流对远东当代地缘政治格局的重要影响。最终,本研究提供了一个分析框架,以更深入地了解现代朝鲜历史上的外交互动和霸权斗争的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Korean Studies
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