Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942652
A. Ioannidis, Z. G. Datsios, Georgios A. Tsaousakis, T. Tsovilis
An analysis of the fractal dimension of lightning discharges simulated using a stochastic lightning attachment model is made. Two fractal dimension estimation methods are employed, incorporating developed algorithms in MATLAB software environment, namely the box-counting and sandbox methods. The statistical variation of fractal dimension results is discussed with respect to fractal dimension values reported in the literature and derived from 2D photographs of natural lightning observations. Fractal dimension results regarding lightning incidence to a 66 kV single-circuit overhead transmission line are analyzed. The effect of lightning discharge termination point to the overhead line in the estimated fractal dimension is discussed as well as the dynamic variation of the fractal dimension throughout the lightning discharge path.
{"title":"Analysis of the Fractal Dimension of Lightning Discharges based on a Stochastic Lightning Attachment Simulation Model","authors":"A. Ioannidis, Z. G. Datsios, Georgios A. Tsaousakis, T. Tsovilis","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942652","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the fractal dimension of lightning discharges simulated using a stochastic lightning attachment model is made. Two fractal dimension estimation methods are employed, incorporating developed algorithms in MATLAB software environment, namely the box-counting and sandbox methods. The statistical variation of fractal dimension results is discussed with respect to fractal dimension values reported in the literature and derived from 2D photographs of natural lightning observations. Fractal dimension results regarding lightning incidence to a 66 kV single-circuit overhead transmission line are analyzed. The effect of lightning discharge termination point to the overhead line in the estimated fractal dimension is discussed as well as the dynamic variation of the fractal dimension throughout the lightning discharge path.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121364381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942576
Evgeniya Borozdina, D. Kuklin
Calculations and measurements show that the grounding wires can significantly influence measured frequency-dependent soil properties (resistivity and permittivity). The smaller the distance between the grounding wire and the mea-surement setup, the larger the measurement error. In order to improve measurement accuracy, one should determine the minimum distance for which the measurement error can be neglected. The work proposes and experimentally validates the simulation model based on the finite-difference time-domain method. The model allows changing the grounding wire position relative to the measurement setup and estimating the measurement error. It has been demonstrated that a distance of about 1.5 m between the wire and the array is sufficient to neglect the measurement error.
{"title":"Influence of Grounding Wires on Measured Frequency-Dependent Soil Properties","authors":"Evgeniya Borozdina, D. Kuklin","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942576","url":null,"abstract":"Calculations and measurements show that the grounding wires can significantly influence measured frequency-dependent soil properties (resistivity and permittivity). The smaller the distance between the grounding wire and the mea-surement setup, the larger the measurement error. In order to improve measurement accuracy, one should determine the minimum distance for which the measurement error can be neglected. The work proposes and experimentally validates the simulation model based on the finite-difference time-domain method. The model allows changing the grounding wire position relative to the measurement setup and estimating the measurement error. It has been demonstrated that a distance of about 1.5 m between the wire and the array is sufficient to neglect the measurement error.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114275463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942616
Daniel E. Villamil, H. Rojas, Francisco Javier Vela Santamaría, R. Holle, W. Brooks
This paper presents a study about the risk of mortality from lightning in the Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia (central Andean region). The study is based on a methodology developed in the United States and presented for the first time in 2015, which establishes a quantitative value of lightning mortality risk through the spatial multiplication of the ground flash density (GFD) and the population density for a given geographic region. A risk map at municipal level for Cundinamarca is prepared and its results are contrasted with the official records of deaths by lightnings.
{"title":"Analysis of the Lightning Mortality Risk in the Provinces of Cundinamarca - Colombia","authors":"Daniel E. Villamil, H. Rojas, Francisco Javier Vela Santamaría, R. Holle, W. Brooks","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942616","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study about the risk of mortality from lightning in the Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia (central Andean region). The study is based on a methodology developed in the United States and presented for the first time in 2015, which establishes a quantitative value of lightning mortality risk through the spatial multiplication of the ground flash density (GFD) and the population density for a given geographic region. A risk map at municipal level for Cundinamarca is prepared and its results are contrasted with the official records of deaths by lightnings.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127159338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942491
G. Podporkin, Iliya Filippov, Urij Kretov, Alexander Sotnikov
Development results of arresters for 6.6 kV,10 kV and 13.8 kV overhead power lines against induced overvoltages are presented. The arresters quench impulse current arc without power follow current and have many advantages at conventional arresters.
{"title":"Multi-Chamber Arresters of a New Type for Protection Overhead Lines 6.6kV, 10kV and 13.8kV Against Induced Overvoltages","authors":"G. Podporkin, Iliya Filippov, Urij Kretov, Alexander Sotnikov","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942491","url":null,"abstract":"Development results of arresters for 6.6 kV,10 kV and 13.8 kV overhead power lines against induced overvoltages are presented. The arresters quench impulse current arc without power follow current and have many advantages at conventional arresters.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123481925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the current world climate change, the lightning impact on the power system becomes more significant. Power outages caused by severe weather such as lightning occur frequently. It harms the power grid devices and makes bad impacts on people's daily life and production. Besides, with the development of AC/DC hybrid grid, plenty of power electronic devices are connected, which are vulnerable to severe weather. To protect the DC grid from the lightning disturbance, a control strategy for DC grid based on lightning early warning is proposed. Considering the dynamic lightning protection and various demands of DC grid, the proposed strategy adopts proper DC system control strategy in advance to adjust power flow flexibly, then it uses lightning forecast data to adjust the converter control strategies and DC power flow in real time. Therefore, the method improves the safety and stability of the DC grid under lightning.
{"title":"A Flexible DC System Control Strategy to Reduce Strike Impact Based on Lightning Early Warning","authors":"Ruopei Zhan, Zhijian Wu, Yu Zhou, Kunming Wu, Chong Sze Tong, Min Xiang","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942560","url":null,"abstract":"With the current world climate change, the lightning impact on the power system becomes more significant. Power outages caused by severe weather such as lightning occur frequently. It harms the power grid devices and makes bad impacts on people's daily life and production. Besides, with the development of AC/DC hybrid grid, plenty of power electronic devices are connected, which are vulnerable to severe weather. To protect the DC grid from the lightning disturbance, a control strategy for DC grid based on lightning early warning is proposed. Considering the dynamic lightning protection and various demands of DC grid, the proposed strategy adopts proper DC system control strategy in advance to adjust power flow flexibly, then it uses lightning forecast data to adjust the converter control strategies and DC power flow in real time. Therefore, the method improves the safety and stability of the DC grid under lightning.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123658895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942449
J. Herrera-Murcia, D. Rincón, C. Younes-Velosa, D. Aranguren
This paper presents the results of the experimental evaluation of the lightning flash multiplicity of negative cloud-to-ground flashes in a mountainous region of Colombia. This region is known as the Aburrá Valley and is characterized for being located at about 1500 m.a.s.l. with large altitude variations and a significant lightning activity. The analysis is based on the measurement of the electric and magnetic field, and for some events with the simultaneous recording of high speed videos. The field measurements and video recordings were acquired by means of an experimental setup in which the field signals were stored automatically in a local PC and the videos were recorded using a trigger signal sent from the oscilloscope location to the camera location through an internet remote connection. A timestamp was also obtained based on an external trigger pulse generated by the oscilloscope. For a total of 2872 events acquired, 2829 correspond to electromagnetic field waveforms only and 43 to field and simultaneous video recording. The signals and videos were processed by means of standard filtering techniques; based on these data, the peak field time instants and channel luminosity pixels from video frames were extracted and compared. The flash multiplicity was estimated based on a weighted average. From this analysis, it was possible to estimate a lightning flash multiplicity of 4.22 strokes/flash based only on electromagnetic field measurements. From the simultaneous video and field measurements, the flash multiplicity was calculated to be 4.28 strokes/flash. As a conclusion, it was possible to successfully estimate the lightning flash multiplicity on an experimental base. Further work is required in this field in order to obtain a larger number of samples and in different regions of Colombia.
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of The Lightning Flash Multiplicity in a Mountainous Region in Colombia","authors":"J. Herrera-Murcia, D. Rincón, C. Younes-Velosa, D. Aranguren","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the experimental evaluation of the lightning flash multiplicity of negative cloud-to-ground flashes in a mountainous region of Colombia. This region is known as the Aburrá Valley and is characterized for being located at about 1500 m.a.s.l. with large altitude variations and a significant lightning activity. The analysis is based on the measurement of the electric and magnetic field, and for some events with the simultaneous recording of high speed videos. The field measurements and video recordings were acquired by means of an experimental setup in which the field signals were stored automatically in a local PC and the videos were recorded using a trigger signal sent from the oscilloscope location to the camera location through an internet remote connection. A timestamp was also obtained based on an external trigger pulse generated by the oscilloscope. For a total of 2872 events acquired, 2829 correspond to electromagnetic field waveforms only and 43 to field and simultaneous video recording. The signals and videos were processed by means of standard filtering techniques; based on these data, the peak field time instants and channel luminosity pixels from video frames were extracted and compared. The flash multiplicity was estimated based on a weighted average. From this analysis, it was possible to estimate a lightning flash multiplicity of 4.22 strokes/flash based only on electromagnetic field measurements. From the simultaneous video and field measurements, the flash multiplicity was calculated to be 4.28 strokes/flash. As a conclusion, it was possible to successfully estimate the lightning flash multiplicity on an experimental base. Further work is required in this field in order to obtain a larger number of samples and in different regions of Colombia.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121555789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942661
Chandima Gomes, Z. M. Khurshid
This study shows that in most cases of non-sturdy structures, protected with a grounded air terminal, the electric field inside the structure, is not much different from the case where the structure is not present. In order to have a significant difference in the electric field, the structure should be made of a material of which the conductivity is in the order of 0.001 S/m. The structural materials that are used in many applications have a much smaller conductivity. Such structures include housing for underprivileged communities, shelters in outdoor working environments, cabanas, tents, chalets and cottages etc. found in tourism, adventure, and entertainment industries. The potential gradient underneath the ground surface is also not altered noticeably when the area is enclosed by the covering structure. Thus, it is argued in this study that if the occupants inside such structures are protected by an isolated and grounded air terminal designed according to the IEC 62305 standards, the same could be applied to a person at an outdoor location.
{"title":"Lightning Safety with a Grounded Air-Terminal: Is there a Difference between Indoor and Outdoor?","authors":"Chandima Gomes, Z. M. Khurshid","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942661","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that in most cases of non-sturdy structures, protected with a grounded air terminal, the electric field inside the structure, is not much different from the case where the structure is not present. In order to have a significant difference in the electric field, the structure should be made of a material of which the conductivity is in the order of 0.001 S/m. The structural materials that are used in many applications have a much smaller conductivity. Such structures include housing for underprivileged communities, shelters in outdoor working environments, cabanas, tents, chalets and cottages etc. found in tourism, adventure, and entertainment industries. The potential gradient underneath the ground surface is also not altered noticeably when the area is enclosed by the covering structure. Thus, it is argued in this study that if the occupants inside such structures are protected by an isolated and grounded air terminal designed according to the IEC 62305 standards, the same could be applied to a person at an outdoor location.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122689246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942609
Relio E. Sueta, J. Modena, José O. Barbosa, L. E. Caires, R. Zilles
This paper presents a study of lightning protection in fall protection systems, used to increase safety in work at height. As these systems are exposed to lightning, this study, through laboratory tests, seeks to verify the best way of protection of system components and quantify how much these components can lose their mechanical capacity if they are hit by lightning.
{"title":"Experimental developments in steel cables used as horizontal lifelines hit by lightning","authors":"Relio E. Sueta, J. Modena, José O. Barbosa, L. E. Caires, R. Zilles","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942609","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of lightning protection in fall protection systems, used to increase safety in work at height. As these systems are exposed to lightning, this study, through laboratory tests, seeks to verify the best way of protection of system components and quantify how much these components can lose their mechanical capacity if they are hit by lightning.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131441202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942545
C. Wolmarans, C. Schumann, M. Saba, C. Nyamupangedengu
Recent publications [1]–[5] have shed light on how streamer propagation in insulating liquids (such as those based on hydrocarbons or ester liquids) can vary substantially, and that the speed of propagation is significantly faster in positive polarity than negative polarity. In terms of the suitability of a transformer design to lightning impulse stresses, one must therefore consider the possibility of faster propagation speed in the alternative liquid under consideration compared to traditional mineral insulating oils. Whilst the phenomenon of propagation governed breakdown is more apparent in areas of the insulation system with more inhomogeneous field distribution [6] equipment manufacturers and utilities may still have to take this into account. Specifically, the IEC 60076 suite of standards for power transformers and related equipment only mandates negative polarity testing, but if positive polarity lightning impulse is applied, the risk of breakdown may be higher, especially if the insulating liquid tends to have higher propagation speeds than the reference design case [2]. The prevalence of positive lightning in nature is often stated of being around 10% [7], but the percentage of strikes that in turn cause impulse stresses on equipment in electricity networks may be higher [7]. It may be important for utilities to consider the connection between positive lightning in nature and positive impulse stresses on their actual equipment. Some results in point-plane gap studies with pure liquids are also presented and help illustrate how, in inhomogeneous fields, the propagation speed of the streamer in the insulating liquid is the key deciding factor whether breakdown will occur with the gap size and impulse wave shape as key parameters. Utilities and equipment manufacturers should investigate whether specifying the lightning impulse test at both polarities will improve their equipment reliability.
{"title":"The importance of lightning impulse polarity in transformer liquid insulation","authors":"C. Wolmarans, C. Schumann, M. Saba, C. Nyamupangedengu","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942545","url":null,"abstract":"Recent publications [1]–[5] have shed light on how streamer propagation in insulating liquids (such as those based on hydrocarbons or ester liquids) can vary substantially, and that the speed of propagation is significantly faster in positive polarity than negative polarity. In terms of the suitability of a transformer design to lightning impulse stresses, one must therefore consider the possibility of faster propagation speed in the alternative liquid under consideration compared to traditional mineral insulating oils. Whilst the phenomenon of propagation governed breakdown is more apparent in areas of the insulation system with more inhomogeneous field distribution [6] equipment manufacturers and utilities may still have to take this into account. Specifically, the IEC 60076 suite of standards for power transformers and related equipment only mandates negative polarity testing, but if positive polarity lightning impulse is applied, the risk of breakdown may be higher, especially if the insulating liquid tends to have higher propagation speeds than the reference design case [2]. The prevalence of positive lightning in nature is often stated of being around 10% [7], but the percentage of strikes that in turn cause impulse stresses on equipment in electricity networks may be higher [7]. It may be important for utilities to consider the connection between positive lightning in nature and positive impulse stresses on their actual equipment. Some results in point-plane gap studies with pure liquids are also presented and help illustrate how, in inhomogeneous fields, the propagation speed of the streamer in the insulating liquid is the key deciding factor whether breakdown will occur with the gap size and impulse wave shape as key parameters. Utilities and equipment manufacturers should investigate whether specifying the lightning impulse test at both polarities will improve their equipment reliability.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122243334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942517
Muhammad Qasim Abdul Sattar, Chandima Gomes
This study has the objective of making a comprehensive review of backfill materials used for electrical earthing, with the view of analyzing the perforce of an earth electrode under various types of materials. The compatibility requirements of commercially available backfill materials with the specifications given in IEC 62561–7 have been discussed. Additional parameters required to be concerned are also outlined. The experimental observations of a selected ground resistance reduction material with published information on the composition of the base material have been presented. The material could reduce the earth resistance by 35% compared to the computed value without using the backfilling material. The material also possesses a low fluctuation of the earth resistance to seasonal climate variation which could be further reduced by introducing a watering system. The corrosion resistance of the electrode metal has also been increased apparently by the backfilling material. It is emphasized that most commercially available materials in the market do not provide detailed specifications of the compatibility of their products with the conditions outlined in IEC 62561–7.
{"title":"Backfill Materials for Enhancing the Performance of Electrical Grounding Systems: An Analytical Revisit","authors":"Muhammad Qasim Abdul Sattar, Chandima Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942517","url":null,"abstract":"This study has the objective of making a comprehensive review of backfill materials used for electrical earthing, with the view of analyzing the perforce of an earth electrode under various types of materials. The compatibility requirements of commercially available backfill materials with the specifications given in IEC 62561–7 have been discussed. Additional parameters required to be concerned are also outlined. The experimental observations of a selected ground resistance reduction material with published information on the composition of the base material have been presented. The material could reduce the earth resistance by 35% compared to the computed value without using the backfilling material. The material also possesses a low fluctuation of the earth resistance to seasonal climate variation which could be further reduced by introducing a watering system. The corrosion resistance of the electrode metal has also been increased apparently by the backfilling material. It is emphasized that most commercially available materials in the market do not provide detailed specifications of the compatibility of their products with the conditions outlined in IEC 62561–7.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129934309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：