Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942504
Olga Vlachokyriakou, G. Peppas, A. Kagiannas, P. Raptis, Z. Politis, E. Pyrgioti, I. Gonos
The development of large-scale wind and photovoltaic parks raised new technical challenges regarding the bonding scheme designs of Medium Voltage (MV) underground network. Cross-bonding is incrementally implemented in MV cable systems as already done in High Voltage cable systems. As a result, Sheath Voltage Limiters (SVLs) accommodated in cross-bonded link-boxes are now introduced in MV networks. In this study a new approach is demonstrated on Sheath Voltage Limiters based on high energy low voltage short circuit type SPDs for MV systems, taking into advantage the minimum residual voltage and providing improved insulation coordination while maintaining lightning impulse withstand capabilities. Simulations with ATP/EMTP on different case studies analyze the coordination and the performance of the new proposed SVLs.
{"title":"A New Approach for Sheath Voltage Limiters in Medium Voltage systems","authors":"Olga Vlachokyriakou, G. Peppas, A. Kagiannas, P. Raptis, Z. Politis, E. Pyrgioti, I. Gonos","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942504","url":null,"abstract":"The development of large-scale wind and photovoltaic parks raised new technical challenges regarding the bonding scheme designs of Medium Voltage (MV) underground network. Cross-bonding is incrementally implemented in MV cable systems as already done in High Voltage cable systems. As a result, Sheath Voltage Limiters (SVLs) accommodated in cross-bonded link-boxes are now introduced in MV networks. In this study a new approach is demonstrated on Sheath Voltage Limiters based on high energy low voltage short circuit type SPDs for MV systems, taking into advantage the minimum residual voltage and providing improved insulation coordination while maintaining lightning impulse withstand capabilities. Simulations with ATP/EMTP on different case studies analyze the coordination and the performance of the new proposed SVLs.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123750592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942473
K. Naccarato, Ana Paula Paes dos Santos, Francisco Jose Lopes de Lima
Lightning strikes to power lines cause considerable damage to the electricity sector through power service outages and interruptions, as well as burnt electricity transmission and distribution cables. This study examines the incidence of lightning flashes on stretches of power lines in southern Brazil, considering current and future climate scenarios. The analysis of the incidence of lightning flashes revealed there to be a significant trend of increased discharge activity in the summer and spring seasons, and an absence of significant trends in the winter and autumn. With respect to future climate scenarios, results indicate that lightning flashes are more susceptible to extreme weather events, with trends pointing toward significant increases considering a scenario of increased greenhouse gas emissions, thus affecting the electricity sector significantly.
{"title":"Incidence of Lightning Strikes to Power Transmission Lines in the South of Brazil: Current and Future Climate","authors":"K. Naccarato, Ana Paula Paes dos Santos, Francisco Jose Lopes de Lima","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942473","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning strikes to power lines cause considerable damage to the electricity sector through power service outages and interruptions, as well as burnt electricity transmission and distribution cables. This study examines the incidence of lightning flashes on stretches of power lines in southern Brazil, considering current and future climate scenarios. The analysis of the incidence of lightning flashes revealed there to be a significant trend of increased discharge activity in the summer and spring seasons, and an absence of significant trends in the winter and autumn. With respect to future climate scenarios, results indicate that lightning flashes are more susceptible to extreme weather events, with trends pointing toward significant increases considering a scenario of increased greenhouse gas emissions, thus affecting the electricity sector significantly.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128564332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942498
Biagione Rangel de Araújo
The present article presents a study of the electrical current distribution by down-conductors after a direct lightning strike onto an air-termination system. The type of air-termination system under analysis is mesh with multiple down-conductors connected by intermediate rings. The study also proposes an alternative method in order to substitute the intermediate connection rings. Such change simplifies implementation and improves frontage aesthetics in buildings which require such systems. The methodology for the study was based on the use of inductive impedance arrangements for different dimensions of the capture subsystem mesh as defined by the Brazilian and International Standards for lightning protection systems for the quoted text. Based on the cited methodology, arrangements were made using the dimensions of the meshes according to the standards and interconnecting ring of the down-conductors, as well as without these rings, but with the dimensions of the reduced meshes and double inner ring or outer ring. These arrangements were structured in ATPDraw 6.0. This way, a positive impulse 10/350 μs was injected, using a Hiedler source. The simulation data were compared with each other, and the result of this analysis indicated that the redistribution of currents by the down-conductors is quite effective. Considering the results obtained by the present study, it was understood that the use of double inner ring or outer ring or a combination of them should be deemed as worthy of being incorporated as a valid lightning protection system technique.
{"title":"Study of alternatives for replacing the intermediate interconnection rings of the down-conductors","authors":"Biagione Rangel de Araújo","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942498","url":null,"abstract":"The present article presents a study of the electrical current distribution by down-conductors after a direct lightning strike onto an air-termination system. The type of air-termination system under analysis is mesh with multiple down-conductors connected by intermediate rings. The study also proposes an alternative method in order to substitute the intermediate connection rings. Such change simplifies implementation and improves frontage aesthetics in buildings which require such systems. The methodology for the study was based on the use of inductive impedance arrangements for different dimensions of the capture subsystem mesh as defined by the Brazilian and International Standards for lightning protection systems for the quoted text. Based on the cited methodology, arrangements were made using the dimensions of the meshes according to the standards and interconnecting ring of the down-conductors, as well as without these rings, but with the dimensions of the reduced meshes and double inner ring or outer ring. These arrangements were structured in ATPDraw 6.0. This way, a positive impulse 10/350 μs was injected, using a Hiedler source. The simulation data were compared with each other, and the result of this analysis indicated that the redistribution of currents by the down-conductors is quite effective. Considering the results obtained by the present study, it was understood that the use of double inner ring or outer ring or a combination of them should be deemed as worthy of being incorporated as a valid lightning protection system technique.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942650
P. H. Pretorius
South African culture, in general, motivates people to become nature lovers, to spend time outdoors and to enjoy a braai, whether indoors or outdoors. With lightning activity more profuse in the highveld area of South Africa, this paper addresses a specific case of a person being shock-warned by lightning, whilst engaging in the preparation of grilled meat at an indoor braai area. The anticipated technical background, in terms of the source of the lightning current and the mechanism involved that resulted in the event, are presented in this paper. Even tough lightning activity is more profound in the highveld area and towards the Drakensberg in South Africa, the findings from this paper are relevant and applicable, in general also to indoor environments, even in areas with lower lighting activity and where the braai construction aligns with that of the lodges discussed in the paper. In particular, this paper raises awareness of safety requirements in the design of lodges and indoor environments, perhaps not specifically addressed or addressed before.
{"title":"Incidental Shock from an Indoor “Braai” - Postulates on the Source and Mechanism","authors":"P. H. Pretorius","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942650","url":null,"abstract":"South African culture, in general, motivates people to become nature lovers, to spend time outdoors and to enjoy a braai, whether indoors or outdoors. With lightning activity more profuse in the highveld area of South Africa, this paper addresses a specific case of a person being shock-warned by lightning, whilst engaging in the preparation of grilled meat at an indoor braai area. The anticipated technical background, in terms of the source of the lightning current and the mechanism involved that resulted in the event, are presented in this paper. Even tough lightning activity is more profound in the highveld area and towards the Drakensberg in South Africa, the findings from this paper are relevant and applicable, in general also to indoor environments, even in areas with lower lighting activity and where the braai construction aligns with that of the lodges discussed in the paper. In particular, this paper raises awareness of safety requirements in the design of lodges and indoor environments, perhaps not specifically addressed or addressed before.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124642483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942561
Minoru Tsukazaki, N. Tsukamoto
Lightning protection using surge arrester have an important role for reliability of power system. In this study, we focused on the effect of impulse current on the degradation of MOVs used for DC surge arrester. Surge arresters for DC applications, especially in railway applications, are used to protect equipment from switching overvoltages, which has long-duration waveform, as well as lightning overvoltages. Degradation of MOVs were confirmed by measuring the varistor voltage before and after energy inj ections in this study. $10/350-mu s$ waveform and 2-ms waveform were adopted to confirm the varistor voltage change for the long-duration current impulse. As a result, it was confirmed that the characteristics change after each waveform were different in each waveforms, and symmetric characteristic change was occurred on 2-ms waveform. In addition, asymmetric characteristics change and dependence on current peak value were confirmed in the $10/350-mu s$ waveform.
{"title":"Characteristics confirmation of MOV for DC application under long-duration impulse current","authors":"Minoru Tsukazaki, N. Tsukamoto","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942561","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning protection using surge arrester have an important role for reliability of power system. In this study, we focused on the effect of impulse current on the degradation of MOVs used for DC surge arrester. Surge arresters for DC applications, especially in railway applications, are used to protect equipment from switching overvoltages, which has long-duration waveform, as well as lightning overvoltages. Degradation of MOVs were confirmed by measuring the varistor voltage before and after energy inj ections in this study. $10/350-mu s$ waveform and 2-ms waveform were adopted to confirm the varistor voltage change for the long-duration current impulse. As a result, it was confirmed that the characteristics change after each waveform were different in each waveforms, and symmetric characteristic change was occurred on 2-ms waveform. In addition, asymmetric characteristics change and dependence on current peak value were confirmed in the $10/350-mu s$ waveform.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121725477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942484
S. Webb, J. Knight, S. Grab, S. Enslin, Hugh G. P. Hunt, L. Maré
Contrary to previous opinion, ‘frost shattering’ is not the only major contributor to rock weathering at mid latitudes and high elevations, more specifically along edges of bedrock escarpments. Lightning is also a significant contributor to land surface denudation. We can show this as lightning strikes on outcrops can dramatically alter the magnetic signature of rocks and is one of the main sources of noise in paleomagnetic studies. Igneous rocks in the highlands of Lesotho, southern Africa (> 3000 m elevation) provide an ideal study location, as flow lavas remain as prominent ridges that are relatively resistant to weathering. It is well known that lightning strikes can cause large remanent magnetization in rocks with little resultant variation in susceptibility. At two adjoining peaks in the Lesotho highlands, mapped freshly fractured rock correlates with areas of high magnetic intensity (remanent component), but little variation in susceptibility (related to the induced field), and is therefore a clear indicator of lightning damage. The majority of these mapped strike sites occur at the edges of topographic highs. Variations in magnetic intensity are correlated with the much lower resolution national lightning strikes dataset. These data confirm that high elevation edges of peak scarps are the focus of previous lightning strikes. This method of magnetic surveying compared with lightning strike data is a new method of confirming the locations of lightning strikes, and reduces the need for intensive paleomagnetic studies of the area to confirm remanence.
{"title":"Magnetic evidence for lightning strikes on mountains in Lesotho as an important denudation agent","authors":"S. Webb, J. Knight, S. Grab, S. Enslin, Hugh G. P. Hunt, L. Maré","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942484","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to previous opinion, ‘frost shattering’ is not the only major contributor to rock weathering at mid latitudes and high elevations, more specifically along edges of bedrock escarpments. Lightning is also a significant contributor to land surface denudation. We can show this as lightning strikes on outcrops can dramatically alter the magnetic signature of rocks and is one of the main sources of noise in paleomagnetic studies. Igneous rocks in the highlands of Lesotho, southern Africa (> 3000 m elevation) provide an ideal study location, as flow lavas remain as prominent ridges that are relatively resistant to weathering. It is well known that lightning strikes can cause large remanent magnetization in rocks with little resultant variation in susceptibility. At two adjoining peaks in the Lesotho highlands, mapped freshly fractured rock correlates with areas of high magnetic intensity (remanent component), but little variation in susceptibility (related to the induced field), and is therefore a clear indicator of lightning damage. The majority of these mapped strike sites occur at the edges of topographic highs. Variations in magnetic intensity are correlated with the much lower resolution national lightning strikes dataset. These data confirm that high elevation edges of peak scarps are the focus of previous lightning strikes. This method of magnetic surveying compared with lightning strike data is a new method of confirming the locations of lightning strikes, and reduces the need for intensive paleomagnetic studies of the area to confirm remanence.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114341881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942600
M. Omidiora, Chinemere E. Anyiam, Samuel A. Isaac, R. Holle
A detailed lightning spatio-temporal study employing lightning detection networks has never been made for Nigeria. This type of research is critical for developing national plans because Nigeria has a land area of 923,769 square kilometers, a population of 206 million (2020), a population density of 223 persons per square km, and is one of the countries with the most lightning strikes in the world, with a lightning strike density of up to 147 strokes/square km/year as determined in this paper. This study gives a comprehensive national assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of lightning across Nigeria annually from 2015 to 2021. The study also identifies the lightning hotspot in the country's 36 states and Federal Capital Territory, which are divided into six regions. A 7 -year lightning dataset was compiled from the Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 network for Nigeria from 2015 to 2021. Vaisala owns the GLD360, which can detect the majority of lightning discharges worldwide. The lightning dataset was analyzed using the Python programming language and ArcG Is. The dataset contains over 123 million lightning strokes that occurred in Nigeria. Between 9 and 25 million lightning strokes occur each year, with the lowest (9.1 million) and highest (24.9 million) strokes in 2015 and 2018, respectively. The South-South region has the highest average lightning stroke density of 38 strokes/km 2/ year. Cross River State in the South-South region is identified as the lightning hotspot with the highest lightning strokes density of 79 strokes/km 2 /year in 2021 and average stroke density of 53 strokes/km2/year, Further, we investigate the relationship between rainfall and lightning distribution in Nigeria with yearly spatio-temporal plots from 2015 to 2021. The results reveal a positive correlation between rainfall intensity and lightning stroke density across Nigeria. The South-South has highest average rainfall intensity and average lightning stroke density of 3678 mm/year and 38 strokes/km 2 /year, respectively. Knowledge of lightning distributions in Nigeria will aid understanding of the weather conditions responsible for lightning occurrence; influence of lightning on power system reliability; occurrence of severe weather; and when to safely hold outdoor activities.
尼日利亚从未使用闪电探测网络进行过详细的闪电时空研究。这种类型的研究对于制定国家计划至关重要，因为尼日利亚的土地面积为923,769平方公里，人口为2.06亿(2020年)，人口密度为每平方公里223人，是世界上雷击最多的国家之一，雷击密度高达147次/平方公里/年，本文确定。本研究对2015年至2021年尼日利亚每年闪电的时空分布进行了全面的全国评估。该研究还确定了该国36个州和联邦首都地区的闪电热点，这些地区分为六个地区。全球闪电数据集GLD360网络编制了尼日利亚2015年至2021年的7年闪电数据集。维萨拉拥有GLD360，可以探测到世界上大多数的闪电放电。使用Python编程语言和ArcG Is对闪电数据集进行分析。该数据集包含了尼日利亚发生的超过1.23亿次雷击。每年发生900万至2500万次雷击，最低(910万次)和最高(2490万次)分别发生在2015年和2018年。南南地区平均雷击密度最高，为38次/ km2 /年。南南克拉斯河州的雷击密度在2021年达到79次/km2/年，平均雷击密度为53次/km2/年，被确定为尼日利亚的闪电热点地区。在此基础上，利用2015 - 2021年的年度时空图研究了尼日利亚降雨与闪电分布的关系。结果显示，尼日利亚各地的降雨强度和雷击密度呈正相关。南南地区平均降雨强度和平均雷击密度最高，分别为3678 mm/年和38雷击/ km2 /年。了解尼日利亚的闪电分布将有助于了解导致闪电发生的天气条件;雷电对电力系统可靠性的影响发生恶劣天气;以及什么时候安全举行户外活动。
{"title":"Investigating the Relationship between Nigerian Rainfall Climatology and Lightning Stroke Distribution","authors":"M. Omidiora, Chinemere E. Anyiam, Samuel A. Isaac, R. Holle","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942600","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed lightning spatio-temporal study employing lightning detection networks has never been made for Nigeria. This type of research is critical for developing national plans because Nigeria has a land area of 923,769 square kilometers, a population of 206 million (2020), a population density of 223 persons per square km, and is one of the countries with the most lightning strikes in the world, with a lightning strike density of up to 147 strokes/square km/year as determined in this paper. This study gives a comprehensive national assessment of the spatio-temporal distribution of lightning across Nigeria annually from 2015 to 2021. The study also identifies the lightning hotspot in the country's 36 states and Federal Capital Territory, which are divided into six regions. A 7 -year lightning dataset was compiled from the Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 network for Nigeria from 2015 to 2021. Vaisala owns the GLD360, which can detect the majority of lightning discharges worldwide. The lightning dataset was analyzed using the Python programming language and ArcG Is. The dataset contains over 123 million lightning strokes that occurred in Nigeria. Between 9 and 25 million lightning strokes occur each year, with the lowest (9.1 million) and highest (24.9 million) strokes in 2015 and 2018, respectively. The South-South region has the highest average lightning stroke density of 38 strokes/km 2/ year. Cross River State in the South-South region is identified as the lightning hotspot with the highest lightning strokes density of 79 strokes/km 2 /year in 2021 and average stroke density of 53 strokes/km2/year, Further, we investigate the relationship between rainfall and lightning distribution in Nigeria with yearly spatio-temporal plots from 2015 to 2021. The results reveal a positive correlation between rainfall intensity and lightning stroke density across Nigeria. The South-South has highest average rainfall intensity and average lightning stroke density of 3678 mm/year and 38 strokes/km 2 /year, respectively. Knowledge of lightning distributions in Nigeria will aid understanding of the weather conditions responsible for lightning occurrence; influence of lightning on power system reliability; occurrence of severe weather; and when to safely hold outdoor activities.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130735089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942607
R. Blumenthal, J. Myburgh, Johannes F Moolman
We report the case of ninety-three (93) sheep found dead in the Karoo. Sheep carcasses were scattered over an area 1.2 km x 200 m. We report on the forensic investigation of this matter, and particularly mass-herd deaths due to lightning. The differential diagnosis and forensic approach to such mass deaths is provided. The direct and indirect costs of such an incident are discussed. Finally, the myth of post-mortem predation of lightning-struck carcasses is addressed.
{"title":"93 Sheep Killed by Lightning","authors":"R. Blumenthal, J. Myburgh, Johannes F Moolman","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942607","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of ninety-three (93) sheep found dead in the Karoo. Sheep carcasses were scattered over an area 1.2 km x 200 m. We report on the forensic investigation of this matter, and particularly mass-herd deaths due to lightning. The differential diagnosis and forensic approach to such mass deaths is provided. The direct and indirect costs of such an incident are discussed. Finally, the myth of post-mortem predation of lightning-struck carcasses is addressed.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123042543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942627
Mandri van der Mescht, Christo van der Mescht, W. D. van Schalkwyk
Lightning causes numerous equipment failures which include transformers, fuses and surge arresters at pole-mount installations. Surge arresters are installed to protect equipment against lightning damage however, fuses and transformers still fail due to surge arrester failures, inadequate earthing configurations and high soil resistivity. Surge arrester failures occur due to high lightning density and high amplitude lightning strikes to the Medium Voltage overhead networks. This paper recommends an alternative network and earthing configuration to minimize surge arrester, transformer and fuse failures at Medium Voltage pole-mount installations.
{"title":"Protection of Medium Voltage Pole-mount Installations Against Lightning","authors":"Mandri van der Mescht, Christo van der Mescht, W. D. van Schalkwyk","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942627","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning causes numerous equipment failures which include transformers, fuses and surge arresters at pole-mount installations. Surge arresters are installed to protect equipment against lightning damage however, fuses and transformers still fail due to surge arrester failures, inadequate earthing configurations and high soil resistivity. Surge arrester failures occur due to high lightning density and high amplitude lightning strikes to the Medium Voltage overhead networks. This paper recommends an alternative network and earthing configuration to minimize surge arrester, transformer and fuse failures at Medium Voltage pole-mount installations.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127823673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942571
J. Mikeš, P. Kovář
Safely conducting flowing lightning current into the grounding system via air-terminals and down-conductors constitutes a key method of protecting objects being struck by lightning discharge. At present, there is no other safer method of protection than capturing and conducting lightning current and its dispersion in the ground. By having to conduct powerful lightning current, the protection systems are exposed to excessive thermic and electrical stress. When such protection systems are correctly designed, installed and regularly checked, the threat to objects is considerably reduced as the systems are dimensioned for such purposes. An opposite case occurs when a protection system is damaged, most frequently due to the thermic effects of lightning current. Then, there are only two possibilities of detecting damage: either by providing regular and timely inspections or by means of controls based on the information supplied by a lightning strike counter. The key requirement of the first method is that the relevant object has not been repeatedly struck by lightning current during a period of at least 5 years. The other method provides instant information, in real time, and inspection of the protection system may be carried out immediately. Hence, sooner than another lightning stroke discharge could be repeated. This paper examines the method of detecting lightning current in down-conductor and the possibility of providing real-time information.
{"title":"Highly Efficient Portable Lightning Strike Counter - Case Study of Its Implementation and Testing","authors":"J. Mikeš, P. Kovář","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942571","url":null,"abstract":"Safely conducting flowing lightning current into the grounding system via air-terminals and down-conductors constitutes a key method of protecting objects being struck by lightning discharge. At present, there is no other safer method of protection than capturing and conducting lightning current and its dispersion in the ground. By having to conduct powerful lightning current, the protection systems are exposed to excessive thermic and electrical stress. When such protection systems are correctly designed, installed and regularly checked, the threat to objects is considerably reduced as the systems are dimensioned for such purposes. An opposite case occurs when a protection system is damaged, most frequently due to the thermic effects of lightning current. Then, there are only two possibilities of detecting damage: either by providing regular and timely inspections or by means of controls based on the information supplied by a lightning strike counter. The key requirement of the first method is that the relevant object has not been repeatedly struck by lightning current during a period of at least 5 years. The other method provides instant information, in real time, and inspection of the protection system may be carried out immediately. Hence, sooner than another lightning stroke discharge could be repeated. This paper examines the method of detecting lightning current in down-conductor and the possibility of providing real-time information.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133152710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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