Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942666
A. Gomes, Chandima Gomes
This paper addresses some practical issues at the stages of conducting the risk assessment and designing the external lightning protection system according to the IEC 62305 standards, for a twin-tower building. In a building complex of multiple structures, a significant difference in material and installation cost could be resulted depending on the fact that the complex is considered as a single building or several individual buildings. The standards do not specify a solid criterion for determining whether several adjacent buildings are considered as a single entity or multiple structures. The same issue may give rise to a strategically problematic scenario in designing the air-termination system for tall twin structures with different heights as IEC 62305–3 (2010) standards prescribe air-termination network down to 80% of the height of the building from the rooftop level, for buildings of height more than 60 m. The paper proposes a rational solution for overcoming the undetermined specifications pertinent to these cases.
{"title":"Challenges in Conducting Risk Assessment and Designing Protection Measures as per IEC 62305 for a Twin Tower of Different Heights","authors":"A. Gomes, Chandima Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942666","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses some practical issues at the stages of conducting the risk assessment and designing the external lightning protection system according to the IEC 62305 standards, for a twin-tower building. In a building complex of multiple structures, a significant difference in material and installation cost could be resulted depending on the fact that the complex is considered as a single building or several individual buildings. The standards do not specify a solid criterion for determining whether several adjacent buildings are considered as a single entity or multiple structures. The same issue may give rise to a strategically problematic scenario in designing the air-termination system for tall twin structures with different heights as IEC 62305–3 (2010) standards prescribe air-termination network down to 80% of the height of the building from the rooftop level, for buildings of height more than 60 m. The paper proposes a rational solution for overcoming the undetermined specifications pertinent to these cases.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131219895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942577
Omar A. Rodriguez, Omar C. Rocha, Katerine Morcillo, Daniel E. Villamil
The National Training Service (SENA) is the largest institution of education in Colombia. Providing free education at both technical and technological levels, the SENA has been playing the most important role in educating the Colombian people through 117 Formation Centers distributed over all the territory of the country. A lightning safety campaign was carried out at the Electricity, Electronics and Telecommunications Formation Center (CEET), located in Bogota DC, reaching more than 650 students with the lightning safety message by implementing educational resources developed by students of the technical program in Installation of Residential and Commercial Electrical Systems, which are being formed by the SENA while finishing their high school. The results of the lightning safety campaign are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Promoting Lightning Safety inside School Articulation Programs at the Colombian National Training Service (SENA)","authors":"Omar A. Rodriguez, Omar C. Rocha, Katerine Morcillo, Daniel E. Villamil","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942577","url":null,"abstract":"The National Training Service (SENA) is the largest institution of education in Colombia. Providing free education at both technical and technological levels, the SENA has been playing the most important role in educating the Colombian people through 117 Formation Centers distributed over all the territory of the country. A lightning safety campaign was carried out at the Electricity, Electronics and Telecommunications Formation Center (CEET), located in Bogota DC, reaching more than 650 students with the lightning safety message by implementing educational resources developed by students of the technical program in Installation of Residential and Commercial Electrical Systems, which are being formed by the SENA while finishing their high school. The results of the lightning safety campaign are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"114 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133880052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942662
L. B. Moraes, A. Piantini, M. Shigihara, A. Borgheui, F. Napolitano, C. Nucci, F. Tossani
This paper analyzes the overvoltages associated with direct strokes to a hybrid overhead line (138 kV and 13.8 kV circuits sharing the same structures). The voltages are calculated using the EMTP-RV, and their dependence on parameters such as the stroke current front time, soil resistivity, and impedance of the grounding system is discussed. Emphasis is given to the voltages on the medium-voltage circuit. A 1:20 scale model of a hybrid line has been implemented, and a good agreement has been found between measured and calculated voltages.
{"title":"Analysis of Lightning Overvoltages on Overhead Hybrid Lines","authors":"L. B. Moraes, A. Piantini, M. Shigihara, A. Borgheui, F. Napolitano, C. Nucci, F. Tossani","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942662","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the overvoltages associated with direct strokes to a hybrid overhead line (138 kV and 13.8 kV circuits sharing the same structures). The voltages are calculated using the EMTP-RV, and their dependence on parameters such as the stroke current front time, soil resistivity, and impedance of the grounding system is discussed. Emphasis is given to the voltages on the medium-voltage circuit. A 1:20 scale model of a hybrid line has been implemented, and a good agreement has been found between measured and calculated voltages.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134269706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942530
Nasib Khadka, D. Bista, Chandima Gomes, Shriram Sharma, B. Adhikary
This paper presents an algorithm to generate direct and indirect strike points for lightning impact assessments. The proposed method uses the Electrogeometric Model to define the strike range limit, such that the generated events fall inside the range that would cause insulation failure. In this way, the non-potential strike events are excluded before carrying out additional computations, without requiring any complex algorithm for the event filtration. This method has been implemented to assess 17 arrester-based protection schemes with different arrester spacings. The assessment revealed the overvoltage impact levels at different nodes of the network concerned in the case study. It is proposed that the commonly accepted fact that the impact level generally increases with the increasing arrester spacing, may not be always true. Instead, there can be a range of spacing distances with abnormalities. Also, it was noted that the severity ranking of the distribution transformers in the assessed network varied with the protection scheme. Thus, it is recommended to perform a prior analysis in implementing a planned protection scheme.
{"title":"Distribution Network Impact Assessment with Geometrically Identified Strike Points: An Approach","authors":"Nasib Khadka, D. Bista, Chandima Gomes, Shriram Sharma, B. Adhikary","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942530","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an algorithm to generate direct and indirect strike points for lightning impact assessments. The proposed method uses the Electrogeometric Model to define the strike range limit, such that the generated events fall inside the range that would cause insulation failure. In this way, the non-potential strike events are excluded before carrying out additional computations, without requiring any complex algorithm for the event filtration. This method has been implemented to assess 17 arrester-based protection schemes with different arrester spacings. The assessment revealed the overvoltage impact levels at different nodes of the network concerned in the case study. It is proposed that the commonly accepted fact that the impact level generally increases with the increasing arrester spacing, may not be always true. Instead, there can be a range of spacing distances with abnormalities. Also, it was noted that the severity ranking of the distribution transformers in the assessed network varied with the protection scheme. Thus, it is recommended to perform a prior analysis in implementing a planned protection scheme.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129815149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942656
H. E. Sueta, J. Modena, José O. Barbosa, M. Shigihara, R. Zilles
This paper presents the result of the same model of survey applied in Malaysia and Brazil, two countries with a high keraunic density of lightning in most territory. This survey had as main objective to be applied to a lay public and with little technical knowledge about lightning in order to verify the general knowledge of the population and its main beliefs and myths. The questionnaire was released to be answered through the Google Form tool. The total number of responses obtained was 928, the vast majority by people from the state of São Paulo (~70%) and with a high level of education (~80% with higher or postgraduate degrees). This sampling was not very good because we would like to have a more comprehensive sampling in terms of the various Brazilian states and also regarding the education that did not reflect the Brazilian population in general. Thus, the research result was impaired, reflecting only a small part of the Brazilian population. Despite this, for the public that the research reached, even with high education, the result of the research suggests the need for a great effort of communication about the dangers that involve the occurrence of lightning and the good practices of behavior in front of them. At this point, there is a divergence from the Malaysian survey, which has a more uniform instruction and the same level of responses.
{"title":"Survey to analyze the general knowledge of Brazilians about lightning","authors":"H. E. Sueta, J. Modena, José O. Barbosa, M. Shigihara, R. Zilles","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942656","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the result of the same model of survey applied in Malaysia and Brazil, two countries with a high keraunic density of lightning in most territory. This survey had as main objective to be applied to a lay public and with little technical knowledge about lightning in order to verify the general knowledge of the population and its main beliefs and myths. The questionnaire was released to be answered through the Google Form tool. The total number of responses obtained was 928, the vast majority by people from the state of São Paulo (~70%) and with a high level of education (~80% with higher or postgraduate degrees). This sampling was not very good because we would like to have a more comprehensive sampling in terms of the various Brazilian states and also regarding the education that did not reflect the Brazilian population in general. Thus, the research result was impaired, reflecting only a small part of the Brazilian population. Despite this, for the public that the research reached, even with high education, the result of the research suggests the need for a great effort of communication about the dangers that involve the occurrence of lightning and the good practices of behavior in front of them. At this point, there is a divergence from the Malaysian survey, which has a more uniform instruction and the same level of responses.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114572830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942663
L. Cai, Yifeng Ke, Wangxiang Chu, Wei Liu, Mi Zhou, Jianguo Wang
This paper mainly analyzes the development process of a natural upward lightning flash initiated from a wind turbine in Zhangbei wind farm in 2019 using optical data. The duration of the flash was more than 283 ms, and there are totally 7 return strokes with their peak current varied from -8.1 kA to -18.7 kA. The average 2-D speed of the leaders preceding all 7 return strokes is greater than 106 m/s, with the leader preceding RS6 being the slowest at 2.6 x 105 m/s and RS5 being the fastest at greater than 1.1 x 106 m/s. There is a significant linear positive correlation between the sum of relative luminance integral and the cut-off time of each RS, and the corresponding R2 is 0.96.
{"title":"Development Process of Lightning Stroke on Wind Turbine Based on High-Speed Camera Observation","authors":"L. Cai, Yifeng Ke, Wangxiang Chu, Wei Liu, Mi Zhou, Jianguo Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942663","url":null,"abstract":"This paper mainly analyzes the development process of a natural upward lightning flash initiated from a wind turbine in Zhangbei wind farm in 2019 using optical data. The duration of the flash was more than 283 ms, and there are totally 7 return strokes with their peak current varied from -8.1 kA to -18.7 kA. The average 2-D speed of the leaders preceding all 7 return strokes is greater than 106 m/s, with the leader preceding RS6 being the slowest at 2.6 x 105 m/s and RS5 being the fastest at greater than 1.1 x 106 m/s. There is a significant linear positive correlation between the sum of relative luminance integral and the cut-off time of each RS, and the corresponding R2 is 0.96.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128524072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942549
J. C. de Oliveira e Silva, C. Schumann, Hugh G. P. Hunt, M. Saba, M. Becerra
In this paper the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) considerations made to the direct lightning current measuring system that is part of the Johannesburg Lightning Research Laboratory (JLRL) are presented. The output voltages from two series connected shunts and the sending of their analog signals downward a tower to the measuring system, makes this measuring setup particularly critical regarding immunity against the strong effects of the lightning current.
{"title":"EMC considerations for JLRL direct lightning current measurement","authors":"J. C. de Oliveira e Silva, C. Schumann, Hugh G. P. Hunt, M. Saba, M. Becerra","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942549","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) considerations made to the direct lightning current measuring system that is part of the Johannesburg Lightning Research Laboratory (JLRL) are presented. The output voltages from two series connected shunts and the sending of their analog signals downward a tower to the measuring system, makes this measuring setup particularly critical regarding immunity against the strong effects of the lightning current.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125740126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942463
C. Kritikou, S. Pastromas, K. Koutras, G. Peppas, E. Pyrgioti
As wind power becomes main driver towards energy transition, offshore power plants will be significant contributors. This paper investigates the effects of lightning strikes in an offshore wind power plant which consists of two wind turbines. Its location is in Northern Europe and the current investigation is focusing on potential impact on its main components. The foundation of the offshore wind turbines is gravity based which is suitable for low depth waters. The impact on the main components is evaluated considering four cases of lightning strikes hitting the tip of the blade via simulation in the ATP - EMTP software while important results are received.
{"title":"Investigation of Lightning Effects in Offshore Wind Units","authors":"C. Kritikou, S. Pastromas, K. Koutras, G. Peppas, E. Pyrgioti","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942463","url":null,"abstract":"As wind power becomes main driver towards energy transition, offshore power plants will be significant contributors. This paper investigates the effects of lightning strikes in an offshore wind power plant which consists of two wind turbines. Its location is in Northern Europe and the current investigation is focusing on potential impact on its main components. The foundation of the offshore wind turbines is gravity based which is suitable for low depth waters. The impact on the main components is evaluated considering four cases of lightning strikes hitting the tip of the blade via simulation in the ATP - EMTP software while important results are received.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124979194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942554
P. H. Pretorius
The international standard IEC 61400–24, addressing specifically lightning protection of wind energy systems, was introduced in 2010 with a revision and update of the standard published in 2019. This international standard presents guidance, through high voltage and high current tests, on the specific evaluation of wind turbine blades against lightning damage. Despite this guidance, a significant number of blade-damage-cases are still being reported, making it an important consideration in view of the growing number of wind farms employed in renewable energy projects worldwide. This paper indicates that lightning ground potential rise, including travelling waves and reflections from the foundation of the wind turbine and other bonded parts of the wind turbine, can set up potentials inside the blade that are large enough in magnitude to cause the breakdown of the composite material which the blade is manufactured from. Potentials set up in this manner are not tested for under the existing test regime covered by IEC 61400–24. The paper further shows the importance of earthing / bonding and protection of specific components, such as sensors, heating systems and carbon strips applied in the blade. When not done correctly, the implication includes mis-assignment of the lightning protection zone inside the blade, as recommended by secondary standards / specifications, and an underestimation of the lightning risk associated with the wind turbine blades. Based on the findings of this paper, it is strongly recommended that the testing techniques covered in IEC 61400–24 should be updated to incorporate the anticipated damage mechanism presented by ground potential rise (and associated travelling waves and reflections). This will require some form of model of the entire tower plus the foundation and accompanying soil conditions.
{"title":"Lightning Ground Potential Rise - A Contributing Factor to Damage Associated with Wind Turbine Blades","authors":"P. H. Pretorius","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942554","url":null,"abstract":"The international standard IEC 61400–24, addressing specifically lightning protection of wind energy systems, was introduced in 2010 with a revision and update of the standard published in 2019. This international standard presents guidance, through high voltage and high current tests, on the specific evaluation of wind turbine blades against lightning damage. Despite this guidance, a significant number of blade-damage-cases are still being reported, making it an important consideration in view of the growing number of wind farms employed in renewable energy projects worldwide. This paper indicates that lightning ground potential rise, including travelling waves and reflections from the foundation of the wind turbine and other bonded parts of the wind turbine, can set up potentials inside the blade that are large enough in magnitude to cause the breakdown of the composite material which the blade is manufactured from. Potentials set up in this manner are not tested for under the existing test regime covered by IEC 61400–24. The paper further shows the importance of earthing / bonding and protection of specific components, such as sensors, heating systems and carbon strips applied in the blade. When not done correctly, the implication includes mis-assignment of the lightning protection zone inside the blade, as recommended by secondary standards / specifications, and an underestimation of the lightning risk associated with the wind turbine blades. Based on the findings of this paper, it is strongly recommended that the testing techniques covered in IEC 61400–24 should be updated to incorporate the anticipated damage mechanism presented by ground potential rise (and associated travelling waves and reflections). This will require some form of model of the entire tower plus the foundation and accompanying soil conditions.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124760199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942457
A. Chusov, Alexander Chystiakov, Matvey Apolinskiy
In this paper we report on recent progress in application of numerical modeling for development of Line Lightning Protection Devices. The ability of previously developed arc model to predict the current interruption capability of certain LLPD designs is demonstrated on real LLPD prototypes tested in high-voltage laboratory. As a case of particular design improvement we describe the calculation of optimal value of LLPD additional chamber volume.
{"title":"Application of numerical simulations for improvement of line lightning protection device efficiency","authors":"A. Chusov, Alexander Chystiakov, Matvey Apolinskiy","doi":"10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942457","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we report on recent progress in application of numerical modeling for development of Line Lightning Protection Devices. The ability of previously developed arc model to predict the current interruption capability of certain LLPD designs is demonstrated on real LLPD prototypes tested in high-voltage laboratory. As a case of particular design improvement we describe the calculation of optimal value of LLPD additional chamber volume.","PeriodicalId":403323,"journal":{"name":"2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125551711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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