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2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)最新文献

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Comparative study of lightning activity over north vs south Equatorial Africa 赤道非洲北部和南部闪电活动的比较研究
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942454
Ndiadia Kandolo Emmanuel, Rostha Loha Paulo, Tondozi Keto Francois, Tshitenge Mbuebue Jean Marie, Kayembe Kalombo Jean Claude, Phuku Phuati Edmond
The aims of this paper is to compare the lightning activity (number of lightning flashes) of mesoscale convective systems over North and South Equatorial Africa. It examines also the correlation between the lightning activity in the Northern Equatorial Africa and that in the Southern one. Indeed, spatial observations have shown that the highest concentrations of lightning on the Earth are mostly located in Equatorial Africa. This study has been made using data processing, descriptive statistical analysis and wavelet coherence analysis. The obtained results show that there is more lightning activity in the North region of Equatorial Africa than in the South one, in an average ratio of about 1.12 to 1. At the same time, a North-South regional contrast in lightning activity is observed over the Equatorial Africa. Concerning their relationships, it has been found that the lightning activity is strongly and negatively correlated (R=-0.588) between the two hemispheres. Furthermore, using the wavelet method we have obtained the same results. The degree of linearity between the lightning activity signals S1 of the Northern Equatorial Africa and S2 of the Southern one has been characterized (linear correlation level between 0 and 1) for any time-scale location and shows that the interactions between the two signals are at sub-annual and seasonal scales, with a relative phase difference of 180° (in phase opposition). Thus, the two signals are negatively correlated. Lightning activity shows very high trends in both sub-regions and the variation in its monthly as well as seasonal mean could be explained given the strong convection and thunderstorms throughout the region.
本文的目的是比较北赤道非洲和南赤道非洲中尺度对流系统的闪电活动(闪电次数)。它还研究了北赤道非洲和南部赤道非洲闪电活动之间的相关性。事实上,空间观测表明,地球上闪电最集中的地区大部分位于赤道非洲。本研究采用数据处理、描述性统计分析和小波相干分析等方法。结果表明,赤道非洲北部地区的闪电活动比南部地区多,平均比值约为1.12:1。同时,在赤道非洲观测到南北区域闪电活动的对比。关于它们之间的关系,雷电活动在两个半球之间呈强负相关(R=-0.588)。此外,利用小波变换也得到了同样的结果。对赤道非洲北部闪电活动信号S1和南部闪电活动信号S2在任何时间尺度上的线性程度进行了表征(线性相关水平在0 ~ 1之间),表明两个信号之间的相互作用是在亚年和季节尺度上的,相对相位差为180°(相位相反)。因此,这两个信号呈负相关。闪电活动在这两个次区域都显示出非常高的趋势,其月平均值和季节平均值的变化可以解释为整个区域的强对流和雷暴。
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引用次数: 1
Lightning-induced overvoltage protection for microinverters using surge protective devices 使用浪涌保护装置的微逆变器雷击过电压保护
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942623
Simisi Mosamane, Chandima Gomes
The need for a good quality power supply in PV systems makes lightning protection one of the primary requirements in Photovoltaic installations (PVIs). Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) are connected to the DC and AC cables in PVIs to protect the electronic components against lightning transients. In this paper, the protection of the microinverter against lightning transients was investigated by simulation using Power System Computer-Aided Design (PSCAD) software. A Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) surge protective device was connected to the DC cables of a PV panel with a microinverter while subjected to lightning-induced overvoltage (LIO) stresses for various lightning current waveforms, amplitudes, and protection scenarios. This investigation measured the energy overload and the current flowing through the SPD. The results demonstrated that a class II internal SPD seems appropriate for PV installations with a microinverter with and without an external lightning protection system (LPS) for impulse currents not exceeding 20 kA.
光伏系统对高质量电源的需求使得防雷成为光伏装置的主要要求之一。防雷装置(Surge protection Devices,简称spd)连接在PVIs的直流和交流电缆上,保护电子元件免受雷电瞬变的影响。本文利用电力系统计算机辅助设计(PSCAD)软件对微型逆变器的雷电瞬变保护进行了仿真研究。将金属氧化物压敏电阻(MOV)浪涌保护装置连接到带有微型逆变器的光伏板的直流电缆上,在各种雷击电流波形、幅值和保护场景下承受雷击过电压(LIO)应力。这项调查测量了能量过载和电流通过SPD。结果表明,对于脉冲电流不超过20 kA的微型逆变器,II类内部防雷器似乎适用于有或没有外部防雷系统(LPS)的光伏装置。
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引用次数: 4
Risk Assessment of Rooftop-Mounted Solar PV Systems 屋顶太阳能光伏系统的风险评估
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942512
A. Gomes, A. Rousseau, M. Guthrie, A. Barwise, Chandima Gomes
This paper discusses the issues encountered by design engineers due to the lack of a method specified in IEe 62305–2 to conduct the risk assessment only for the solar PV system mounted on a part of a large roof. Typically, the Solar PV system provider is a party independent from the building contractor and the building owner, thus, they would be interested only in the protection of the PV system rather than the total building. On the other hand, a lightning strike to the parts of the roof beyond the PV panel may also affect the PV system due to fire hazards and injected (or induced) current into the power system. Thus, it may not be advisable to consider only the part of the building with a PV panel as an isolated system. In this study we first show the difference in the risk level by conducting the risk assessment for a hypothetical case of a roof-mounted solar PV system, considering the entire building and the part of the building with PV panel on the rooftop as an isolated structure in the presence of the other parts. The computations show a significant difference in the outcomes for the two cases. We also discuss other methods adopted by lightning protection professionals in the region in computing the lightning risk for roof-mounted solar PV systems. The key objective of this study is to demonstrate the confusion concerning this subject rather than proposing a solid methodology for conducting the risk assessment for roof-mounted solar PV systems. It is of prime importance for the working groups of standards committees to come to an agreement in this regard.
本文讨论了由于IEe 62305-2中缺乏一种方法来对安装在大型屋顶部分的太阳能光伏系统进行风险评估,而导致设计工程师遇到的问题。通常,太阳能光伏系统供应商是独立于建筑承包商和建筑业主的一方,因此,他们只对光伏系统的保护感兴趣,而不是整个建筑。另一方面,由于火灾危险和向电力系统注入(或感应)电流,对光伏板以外的屋顶部分的雷击也可能影响光伏系统。因此,仅将具有光伏板的建筑物部分作为孤立系统考虑可能是不明智的。在本研究中,我们首先通过对屋顶安装太阳能光伏系统的假设案例进行风险评估来展示风险水平的差异,将整个建筑物和屋顶上安装光伏板的建筑物部分作为一个孤立的结构,在其他部分存在的情况下。计算结果表明,这两种情况的结果有显著差异。我们还讨论了该地区防雷专业人员在计算屋顶太阳能光伏系统雷电风险时采用的其他方法。本研究的主要目的是证明关于这一主题的混淆,而不是提出一个可靠的方法来进行屋顶安装的太阳能光伏系统的风险评估。对于标准委员会的工作组来说,在这方面达成一致是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 2
Thunderstorm types and meteorological characteristics of upward lightning 雷暴类型及向上闪电的气象特征
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942489
Isabell Stucke, Deborah Morgernstern, G. Diendorfer, G. Mayr, H. Pichler, W. Schulz, T. Simon, A. Zeileis
Upwardlightning is rare, but destructive and not confined to the winter season as frequently pre-sented in literature. This study identifies the dominant thunderstorm types for upward lightning and the underlying meteorological settings for its initiation in the cold, warm and transition seasons. Further, it assesses the ability to diagnose the upward lightning occurrence at the Gaisberg Tower (Austria) from meteorological conditions using random forest models. Results show that high-shear and high-wind speed thunderstorms with enhanced particle loadings dominate upward light-ning initiation in the cold and in the transition seasons. In the warm season this dominance is reduced due to an increase in high-CAPE thunderstorms associated with increased low-level moisture and higher-based cloud charge centers. The ability to diagnose upward light-ning is highest in winter and when it occurs associated with the dominant wind-field thunderstorm type in combination with enhanced cloud physics.
向上的闪电是罕见的,但破坏性的,并不局限于冬季经常出现在文学。本研究确定了上行闪电的主要雷暴类型,以及其在寒冷季节、温暖季节和过渡季节产生的潜在气象条件。进一步,利用随机森林模型评估了从气象条件诊断Gaisberg塔(奥地利)向上闪电发生的能力。结果表明,在寒冷季节和过渡季节,高切变和高风速雷暴以粒子负荷增强为主。在暖季,由于高cape雷暴的增加与低层湿度的增加和高基云电荷中心的增加有关,这种优势减弱。诊断向上闪电的能力在冬季是最高的,当它与主要的风场雷暴类型结合增强的云物理相关联时。
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引用次数: 4
The Distribution of Ground Potential around Grounding grids under a Direct Lightning Strike 直接雷击下接地网周围地电位的分布
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942629
Zhe Li, Yuxuan Ding, Jinxin Cao, Yaping Du, Chuanzhen Jia, Xiangen Zhao
Human safety is a major concern in lightning disasters. The step voltage around grounding grids under a direct lightning strike may cause an electric shock to the human body and result in casualty. Therefore, the design of the grounding system plays a crucial role in the safety of personal electricity. In this study, the partial element equivalent circuit method (PEEC) is adopted to calculate the ground potential rise (GPR) at the nearby grounding grids under direct lightning strokes. The influence of the buried depth of the grounding grids on the ground potential distribution is discussed. Different grounding configurations such as single electrodes, fork-type grounding grids, and ground grids are studied. This will facilitate the design of the grounding system and ensure electrical safety.
在雷击灾害中,人的安全是一个主要问题。在直流雷击条件下,接地网周围的阶跃电压会对人体产生电击,造成人员伤亡。因此,接地系统的设计对人身用电安全起着至关重要的作用。本研究采用部分单元等效电路法(PEEC)计算直击雷击下邻近接地网的地电位上升(GPR)。讨论了接地网埋深对地电位分布的影响。研究了单电极、叉接地网、接地网等不同的接地形式。这样便于接地系统的设计,保证电气安全。
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引用次数: 0
External Lightning Protection and Earthing to Reduce Stress on SPDs within Electrical Equipment in Photovoltaic Plants 减少光伏电站电气设备spd压力的外部防雷和接地
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942646
I. Grobbelaar, S. Weber
Lightning current transients injected onto the PV modules in large Solar Power Plants (SPPs) may cause damage to downstream connected systems, resulting in permanent equipment failure and power production down time. Surge protective devices installed to protect electronic equipment on SPPs will not be able to withstand the peak lightning currents without sufficient energy dissipation through the SPP. With the correct implementation of external lightning protection and earthing meshes, it is shown that the surge protection is not overstressed due to sufficient energy diversion and dissipation in the SPP before reaching critical equipment. The resultant current distribution, transient waveform and specific energy are calculated at critical locations in the PV field through XGSLab simulations. Advantages are shown for the strategic and cost-effective design considerations with regards to earthing, and how it reduces stress on equipment and surge protective devices during lightning events.
在大型太阳能电站(SPPs)中,注入到光伏组件上的雷电瞬变电流可能会对下游连接的系统造成损坏,导致设备永久性故障和电力生产中断。在SPP上安装保护电子设备的防雷装置,如果没有足够的能量通过SPP耗散,将无法承受雷电峰值电流。通过正确的外部防雷和接地网,可以看出,由于SPP在到达关键设备之前有足够的能量分流和耗散,因此防雷装置不会过载。通过XGSLab模拟计算了光伏场关键位置的电流分布、瞬态波形和比能量。在接地方面的战略和成本效益设计方面的优势,以及它如何在雷击事件中减少设备和浪涌保护装置的压力。
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引用次数: 1
Lightning Overvoltage and Transient Ground Potential Rise in large PV plants 大型光伏电站雷电过电压和瞬态地电位上升
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942472
F. Grange, S. Journet, F. Dawalibi, Zainal Kadir
Photovoltaic (PV) power plants cover large areas that are susceptible to multiple lightning strikes. Consequences of the electromagnetic interference caused by lightning can be a major concern for people safety and equipment integrity. In this paper, we investigate lightning overvoltage and transient ground potential rise in large PV plants for different lightning strike scenarios. The main objectives of this paper is to describe the analysis that was carried out and propose cost-effective mitigation techniques based on the most advanced simulation techniques.
光伏电站占地面积大,容易受到多次雷击。雷电引起的电磁干扰的后果可能会对人员安全和设备的完整性造成重大影响。本文研究了不同雷击情景下大型光伏电站的雷击过电压和瞬态地电位上升。本文的主要目的是描述所进行的分析,并根据最先进的模拟技术提出具有成本效益的缓解技术。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamic Lightning Protection of Microgrids with High Proportion of Photovoltaic Power Generation 光伏发电占比高的微电网动态防雷
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942541
Jinwen Mai, Chong Sze Tong, Yuetao Wu, Yang Xu, Yi Hong, Xia Hua, Jiahuan Feng, Zhihao Fang, Xujiang Shi, H. Lin
As one of the most prevalent kinds of Renewable energy resources (RES), distributed photovoltaic (PV) generations are widely used in Microgrids. During the lightning storms, the Microgrids with more PV would face more challenges of reliability in practice. To improve the lightning performance of Microgrids, the paper presented a mode named Dynamic Lightning Protection (DLP). The paper also proposed a dynamic multilevel control model which shows advantages on the adjustment of power exchange and dynamic balance so as to enhance the reliability of system. The dynamic protection mode, which was discussed in this paper, could provide a more effective lightning protection solution for the Microgrids with high proportion of photovoltaic power generation.
分布式光伏发电作为最流行的可再生能源之一,在微电网中得到了广泛的应用。在雷暴条件下,光伏发电较多的微电网在实际运行中面临着更多的可靠性挑战。为了提高微电网的防雷性能,提出了一种动态防雷(DLP)模式。本文还提出了一种动态多电平控制模型,该模型在电力交换和动态平衡调节方面具有优势,从而提高了系统的可靠性。本文所讨论的动态保护模式可以为光伏发电占比较高的微电网提供更有效的防雷解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Lightning Impacts on Power Supply of Productive and Extractive Industry in South Africa and Such Ways of Production Loss Mitigation as Installation of Line Lightning Protection Devices 雷电对南非生产和采掘业供电的影响及安装线路防雷装置等减轻生产损失的方法综述
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942452
Elizabeth Piskliukova, D. Belko
This paper focuses on a review of lightning resulted issues in electric power supply of productive and extractive industry in South Africa. The article presents the interview result among representatives from companies in the industry above. Analysis of interviews showed that it is essential to prevent any interruptions of technological processes. Possible ways of lightning consequences mitigation are presented. Line lightning performance before and after installation of lightning protection means is being evaluated. Also the paper presents an economic analysis of such protection benefits based on mitigation of production losses by reduction of lightning outages quantity and their cumulative duration.
本文着重综述了南非生产和采掘业电力供应中雷电引起的问题。本文给出了对上述行业企业代表的访谈结果。对访谈的分析表明,必须防止技术进程的任何中断。提出了减轻雷电后果的可能方法。对安装防雷装置前后的线路防雷性能进行评价。此外,本文还对这种保护效益进行了经济分析,分析的基础是通过减少雷击中断数量及其累积持续时间来减轻生产损失。
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引用次数: 0
Archaeological sites in Nepal and India: Concerns of lightning risks 尼泊尔和印度的考古遗址:对闪电风险的担忧
Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1109/ICLP56858.2022.9942511
Shriyog Sharma, Shriram Sharma, Chandima Gomes
This study investigates the present-day lightning risks of a large number of archaeological sites in Asia, with special attention to religious monuments in South Asia with invaluable historical value. The study reveals that in most cases, no lightning protection measures (LPM) have been adopted and in several structures, LPM have been adopted but without conducting a methodical risk assessment or standard system design under experts' advice. In a majority of archaeological buildings in Nepal, appropriate lightning protection systems have not been installed, though an apparent air termination system could be observed in the form of a metallic spire or a metallic roof component. However, a system of down conductors and earth terminations has not been properly installed or not installed at all. Both the Department of archaeology and the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) have not taken adequate steps to install LPS in archaeological sites fearing losing the aesthetic appearance and historical values of the structures. Appropriate LPM has not been adopted even on the structures that have been rebuilt after they were partly or fully damaged by the 2015 earthquake. In many historical structures in the southern part of India, on the other hand, partial LPM has been adopted. Even those that are designed up to the knowledge and standards that existed at the time of design, have not been maintained, and as a result, the components are most often loosely hanging or partially destroyed. Many authorities argue that concerned monuments have survived for several centuries or even over a millennium thus they do not need lightning protection. However, the environment of many such monuments is now modified with rain shelters, lighting systems, CCTVs etc., without having any LPM, thus their exposure level has been increased. However, there are no attempts made in estimating the new risk with modifications that have been done. Also, in the South Indian region, several highly significant monuments and structures have been observed to have Early Streamer Emission (ESE) devices with single down conductors. Most often, these down conductors have multiple acute bends due to the architectural topography of the building. In many such cases, the earthing system is obscured and impossible to be inspected. On such a backdrop, we propose new compulsory international or national standards or an annexure to existing standards for risk assessment, design, implementation and maintenance of LPS of archaeological structures.
本研究调查了当今亚洲大量考古遗址的闪电风险,特别关注南亚具有宝贵历史价值的宗教古迹。研究显示,在大多数情况下,没有采取防雷措施,而在一些建筑物中,采取了防雷措施,但没有在专家的建议下进行系统的风险评估或标准的系统设计。在尼泊尔的大多数考古建筑中,没有安装适当的防雷系统,尽管可以观察到金属尖顶或金属屋顶组件形式的明显的空气终止系统。但是,下导线和接地端子的系统没有正确安装或根本没有安装。考古部门和城市发展和建筑建设部(DUDBC)都没有采取足够的措施在考古遗址安装LPS,担心失去建筑的美学外观和历史价值。即使是在2015年地震中部分或全部受损后重建的结构,也没有采用适当的LPM。另一方面,在印度南部的许多历史建筑中,采用了部分LPM。即使是那些按照设计时存在的知识和标准设计的组件,也没有得到维护,因此,组件通常是松散的悬挂或部分损坏。许多权威人士认为,有关的古迹已经存在了几个世纪,甚至超过一千年,因此他们不需要防雷。然而,现在许多这样的古迹的环境被改变了,有遮雨棚、照明系统、闭路电视等,没有任何LPM,因此它们的暴露水平增加了。然而,没有尝试对已经完成的修改进行新的风险评估。此外,在南印度地区,已经观察到几个非常重要的纪念碑和结构具有单down导体的早期流光发射(ESE)设备。大多数情况下,由于建筑物的建筑地形,这些向下的导体有多个急转弯。在许多这样的情况下,接地系统是模糊的,不可能被检查。在此背景下,我们建议新的强制性国际或国家标准或现有标准的附录,用于考古结构的LPS风险评估、设计、实施和维护。
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引用次数: 0
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2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)
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