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Las vicisitudes de la Convención sobre el delito de genocidio en este nuevo siglo 《新世纪灭绝种族罪公约》的变迁
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.17103/reei.40.09
Jacqueline Hellman
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引用次数: 0
Estrategias de seguridad marítima y medios contra la inmigración irregular: análisis comparado de España, Unión Europea y Unión Africana 海上安全战略和打击非法移民的手段:西班牙、欧盟和非洲联盟的比较分析
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.17103/reei.40.12
Miguel Sánchez
The current migration crisis that Europe has suffered in recent years has led to it being considered irregular immigration as a risk or threat to Security in the recent Maritime Security Strategies, specifically in the case of Spain, European Union and African Union. Therefore it ́s appropriate to determine from these Strategies, what degree of threat constitutes irregular immigration by sea and the Fecha de recepción del trabajo: 2 de septiembre de 2020. Fecha de aceptación de la versión final: 13 de noviembre de 2020. * Profesor Titular de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales en la Universidad de Cádiz. Trabajo realizado en el marco del Centre of Excellence Jean Monnet 'Migration and Human Rights in Europe's External Borders'With the support of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union (587177EPP-1-2017-1-ES-EPPJMO-CoE). Este trabajo se ha desarrollado durante una estancia de investigación en el marco del programa Salvador Madariaga en 2019 en la Università degli Studi di Pisa (Italia). [40] REVISTA ELECTRÓNICA DE ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES (2020) 2 DOI: 10.17103/reei.40.12 available resources to fight against it, analyzing their possible regional compatibility, especially with regard to the possibility of joint actions making use, even of military resources. PALABRAS CLAVE: Seguridad Marítima; Estrategia de Seguridad; riesgos y amenazas; Inmigración irregular; cooperación multilateral; medios militares.
欧洲近年来遭受的当前移民危机导致在最近的海事安全战略中,特别是在西班牙、欧盟和非洲联盟的情况下,非法移民被视为安全风险或威胁。因此,适当的做法是从这些战略中确定海上非法移民构成的威胁程度以及接收工作的日期:2020年9月2日。最终版本验收日期:2020年11月13日。*加的斯大学国际公法和国际关系教授。在欧洲联盟伊拉斯谟+方案(587177EPP-1-2017-1-ES-EPPJMO-CoE)的支持下,在让·蒙内卓越中心“欧洲外部边界的移民和人权”框架内开展的工作。这项工作是在2019年萨尔瓦多·马达里亚加计划在意大利比萨大学的一次研究访问中进行的。[40]国际研究电子杂志(2020年)2 DOI:10.17103/REEI.40.12可用于打击恐怖主义的资源,分析其可能的区域兼容性,特别是关于联合行动的可能性,包括军事资源。关键词:海事安全;安全战略;风险和威胁;非法移民;多边合作;军事手段。
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引用次数: 2
DE MIGUEL ASENSIO, P., Conflict of Laws and the Internet, Cheltenham-Northampton, Edward Elgar, 2020, XLIII + 529 pp. DE MIGUEL ASENSIO, P.,法律冲突与互联网,切尔滕纳姆-北安普顿,爱德华·埃尔加,2020,XLIII + 529页。
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.17103/reei.40.21
Aurelio López-Tarruella Martínez
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引用次数: 0
Inmoralidad, inhumanidad, oportunidad e impunidad de la utilización de las armas químicas: el caso de Siria 使用化学武器的不道德、不人道、机会和有罪不罚:叙利亚的案例
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.17103/reei.40.02
V. Rebolledo
: Despite the frequent and extensive use of chemical weapons in armed conflicts, they were always considered as immoral, due to their uncontrollable and inhuman effects. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) codifies the obligation to eliminate chemical arsenals on a global scale. The withdrawal and destruction of chemical weapons from Syria in 2014 will be the most important milestone of the nonproliferation regime and the greatest challenge for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The process will be long and extremely complicated, due to the lack of cooperation from the Syrian government and the finding by the OPCW of the use of chemical warfare agents in the conflict (both by the regime and by non-state actors). The feeling of frustration in the face of the impossibility of acting against the perpetrators of the attacks with chemical weapons on Syrian territory, has led in the last two years to the launch of some international initiatives, which seek to ensure that these crimes against humanity do not go unpunished. All this, in parallel to a recent criminal and homicidal use of chemical agents that seemed already forgotten.
:尽管化学武器在武装冲突中频繁和广泛使用,但由于其无法控制和不人道的影响,它们总是被认为是不道德的。《化学武器公约》规定了在全球范围内消除化学武库的义务。2014年从叙利亚撤出和销毁化学武器将是不扩散制度的最重要里程碑,也是禁止化学武器组织面临的最大挑战。由于叙利亚政府缺乏合作,以及禁止化学武器组织发现(政权和非国家行为者)在冲突中使用化学战剂,这一过程将是漫长而极其复杂的。面对无法对叙利亚领土上化学武器袭击的肇事者采取行动,人们感到沮丧,这导致在过去两年中发起了一些国际倡议,旨在确保这些危害人类罪不会不受惩罚。所有这一切,与最近一次似乎已经被遗忘的化学制剂的犯罪和杀人行为并行。
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引用次数: 0
La Unión Europea y su cooperación flexible con Naciones Unidas en el mantenimiento de la paz: el caso de las misiones europeas 欧洲联盟及其与联合国在维持和平方面的灵活合作:以欧洲特派团为例
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.17103/reei.40.08
María Julià Barceló
A BSTRACT : The practice of European Union (EU) missions and their mechanisms for the creation and deployment show that the EU behaves as a regional organisation that acts autonomously in peacekeeping, under the parameters of Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations and the legal framework of the Common Security Defence Policy (CSDP). In 2003, the formalization of this cooperation between the two organizations has been initiated and inter-agency mechanisms were established. Since 2013, the EU has designed a number of action plans that reflect its willingness to cooperate with the United Nations. Its peacekeeping missions are instruments of flexible cooperation with the United Nations and other regional organizations. Priority focus of intervention and cooperation include security and defence sector reform, the rule of law, advice and training, or support for peace in Africa. In its intervention, the EU has not in all cases had the prior authorisation of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Civilian missions (peacekeeping) have been created and deployed without this authorization, although in general the UNSC has subsequently validated them with its resolutions on the conflict. By contrast, most military operations (peace enforcement) have been authorized by the UNSC, proving the Union's willingness to participate in operations with concreted and time-limited mandates.
答:欧盟特派团的做法及其建立和部署机制表明,欧盟是一个区域组织,根据《联合国宪章》第八章和共同安全防御政策的法律框架,在维和行动中自主行动。2003年,两个组织开始正式开展这种合作,并建立了机构间机制。自2013年以来,欧盟制定了一系列行动计划,以反映其与联合国合作的意愿。它的维持和平特派团是与联合国和其他区域组织灵活合作的工具。干预与合作的优先重点包括安全和国防部门改革、法治、咨询和培训,或支持非洲和平。在干预中,欧盟并非在所有情况下都事先获得了联合国安理会(UNSC)的授权。文职特派团(维和)是在没有这一授权的情况下创建和部署的,尽管总的来说,联合国安理会随后通过了关于冲突的决议,对其进行了验证。相比之下,大多数军事行动(执行和平)都得到了联合国安理会的授权,证明了欧盟愿意参与有具体和时限的行动。
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引用次数: 0
La Corte Internacional de Justicia y la paulatina humanización del Derecho consular: de Breard a Jadhav 国际法院与领事权的逐步人性化:从布雷德到贾德哈夫
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17103/reei.39.04
C. Delgado
espanolEl proceso de humanizacion que ha venido experimentando el Derecho internacional en general se ha ido abriendo paso, progresivamente, dentro de uno de los sectores normativos que se han encargado de regular tradicionalmente relaciones eminentemente interestatales, nos referimos, en concreto, al Derecho consular. Dentro del presente articulo se analizara la evolucion de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en torno a la aplicacion e interpretacion del articulo 36 de la Convencion de Viena sobre Relaciones Consulares de 1963, preguntandonos hasta que punto y en que medida se podria considerar a la informacion sobre el derecho a la asistencia consular como un derecho humano mas alla de la dimension interestatal de la Convencion de Viena sobre Relaciones Consulares. En los cinco casos que se han planteado hasta la fecha sobre esta materia, la CIJ se ha pronunciado sobre el fondo en cuatro de ellos, pudiendose percibir una evolucion particularmente interesante entre las sentencias Avena y Diallo respecto a la posicion del individuo y la proteccion de sus derechos en el marco de un contencioso interestatal, pero sin haber llegado a abordar el debate sobre la naturaleza de los derechos consulares como derechos humanos. EnglishThe process of humanization that international law has been experiencing has been progressively opening up, within consular law. The author analyzes in this article the evolution of the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice regarding article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963, asking to what extent the information on the right to consular assistance could be considered as a human right beyond the inter-State dimension of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. In the five cases that have been raised on this matter, the ICJ has ruled on the merits of four of them, and it is possible to perceive an evolution between the case law of the Avena and Diallo cases regarding the individual's position and the protection of his rights within an interstate dispute before the Court. However, the ICJ has avoided analyzing the debate on the nature of consular rights as human rights.
总体而言,国际法正在经历的西班牙人性化进程已在传统上主要负责规范国家间关系的规范部门之一逐步为领事法铺平道路。本条将分析国际法院关于适用和解释1963年《维也纳领事关系公约》第36条的判例的演变,询问在多大程度上以及在多大程度上可以将关于领事援助权的信息视为《维也纳领事关系公约》国家间层面以外的一项人权。在迄今为止就这一问题提出的五起案件中,国际法院在其中四起案件中对案情作出了裁决,可以看出阿韦纳和迪亚洛的判决在个人的立场和在州际诉讼中保护其权利方面发生了特别有趣的演变,但尚未解决关于领事权利作为人权的性质的辩论。在领事法范围内,国际法正在经历的人性化进程正在逐步开放。作者在这篇文章中分析了国际法院关于1963年《维也纳领事关系公约》第36条的判例演变,询问关于领事援助权的信息在多大程度上可以被视为《维也纳领事关系公约》国家间层面之外的一项人权。在就这一问题提出的五起案件中,国际法院已就其中四起案件的是非曲直作出裁决,可以看出《燕麦法》案与迪亚洛案在法院审理的州际争端中关于个人地位和保护其权利的演变。然而,国际法院避免分析关于领事权利作为人权的性质的辩论。
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引用次数: 1
La protección de las niñas asociadas con fuerzas armadas o grupos armados 保护与武装部队或武装团体有联系的女孩
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17103/reei.39.08
R. Ruiz, Ruth. Abril Stoffels
espanolLa interseccion entre genero y edad hace que las ninas asociadas con fuerzas armadas o grupos armados no se encuentren adecuadamente protegidas por el DIH. Pese a los desarrollos normativos y jurisprudenciales mas recientes, la regulacion del reclutamiento y participacion de ninos en conflictos armados sigue siendo fragmentaria y carente de perspectiva de genero. En este estudio se abordan las lagunas y deficiencias en la proteccion juridica de estas ninas, tanto si cumplen funciones de combate como si tienen asignadas otras funciones dentro del grupo, supongan o no participacion activa en las hostilidades. EnglishThe intersection between gender and age makes girls associated with armed forces and armed groups do not look is adequately protected by IHL. Despite latest regulatory and jurisprudential developments, the legal framework on the recruitment and participation of children in armed conflicts is remains fragmentary and lacking a gender perspective. In this study the existing shortcomings in the protection of girls associated with armed groups, are analyzed both if they meet combat functions as if they carry out another type of functions, involving or not active participation in hostilities.
西班牙性别和年龄之间的交叉导致与武装部队或武装团体有联系的女孩得不到国际人道主义法的充分保护。尽管有最新的规范和判例发展,但对招募和参与武装冲突的儿童的管理仍然支离破碎,缺乏性别观点。这项研究解决了这些儿童在法律保护方面的差距和不足,无论他们是否履行战斗职能,也无论他们是否在小组内分配了其他职能,无论他们是否积极参与敌对行动。性别和年龄之间的交叉使与武装部队和武装团体有关的女孩得不到IHL的充分保护。尽管有最新的监管和判例发展,但关于招募和参与武装冲突的儿童的法律框架仍然支离破碎,缺乏性别观点。在这项研究中,分析了与武装团体有关的女孩在保护方面存在的不足,无论她们是否履行战斗职能,就像她们履行另一种职能一样,是否积极参与敌对行动。
{"title":"La protección de las niñas asociadas con fuerzas armadas o grupos armados","authors":"R. Ruiz, Ruth. Abril Stoffels","doi":"10.17103/reei.39.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17103/reei.39.08","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa interseccion entre genero y edad hace que las ninas asociadas con fuerzas armadas o grupos armados no se encuentren adecuadamente protegidas por el DIH. Pese a los desarrollos normativos y jurisprudenciales mas recientes, la regulacion del reclutamiento y participacion de ninos en conflictos armados sigue siendo fragmentaria y carente de perspectiva de genero. En este estudio se abordan las lagunas y deficiencias en la proteccion juridica de estas ninas, tanto si cumplen funciones de combate como si tienen asignadas otras funciones dentro del grupo, supongan o no participacion activa en las hostilidades. EnglishThe intersection between gender and age makes girls associated with armed forces and armed groups do not look is adequately protected by IHL. Despite latest regulatory and jurisprudential developments, the legal framework on the recruitment and participation of children in armed conflicts is remains fragmentary and lacking a gender perspective. In this study the existing shortcomings in the protection of girls associated with armed groups, are analyzed both if they meet combat functions as if they carry out another type of functions, involving or not active participation in hostilities.","PeriodicalId":40338,"journal":{"name":"Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46872608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Protección diplomática y responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado: a propósito del asunto Couso 外交保护和国家财产责任:关于库索案
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17103/reei.39.16
B. V. Rodríguez
espanolLa sentencia 4391/2019 de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo de la Audiencia Nacional ha condenado al Estado espanol a indemnizar a la familia del periodista Jose Couso por los perjuicios derivados de la omision en el ejercicio de la proteccion diplomatica. La decision declara la responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administracion espanola, aportando la novedad de que es la primera vez que se hace sin que exista un nexo causal entre el perjuicio causado a un nacional por un tercer Estado y las conductas previamente desarrolladas por la administracion espanola. Sin embargo, la construccion juridica de la sentencia es discutible, tanto como consecuencia de algunos de los argumentos utilizados como por el debil desarrollo de otros. Al haber sido recurrida en casacion, el Tribunal Supremo tiene la oportunidad de confirmar el avance o mantener su doctrina anterior. EnglishJudgment 4391/2019 of the Audiencia Nacional of Spain has ordered the Spanish State to compensate the family of the journalist Jose Couso for the damages caused by the omission in the exercise of diplomatic protection. The ruling recognizes the patrimonial responsibility of the Spanish Administration, providing the novelty that it is the first time that it has been done without a causal link between the damage caused to a national by a third State and the behaviors previously developed by the Spanish administration. However, the legal construction of the Judgment is debatable, both as a consequence of some of the arguments used and by the weak development of others. The Supreme Court has the opportunity to confirm the progress or maintain its previous doctrine.
西班牙国家高等法院争议法庭第4391/2019号判决谴责西班牙国家赔偿记者何塞·库索的家人在行使外交保护时不作为所造成的损害。该决定宣布了西班牙政府的财产责任,提供了一个新的发展,即这是第一次在第三国对国民造成的伤害与西班牙政府先前采取的行为之间没有因果关系。然而,由于所使用的一些论点和其他论点的薄弱发展,判决的法律结构是有争议的。在上诉后,最高法院有机会确认这一进展或维持其先前的理论。西班牙国家高等法院第4391/2019号英文判决命令西班牙国家赔偿记者何塞·库索的家人在行使外交保护时不遵守规定造成的损害。该裁决承认西班牙政府的财产责任,提供了一种新颖性,即这是第一次在第三国对国民造成的损害与西班牙政府先前制定的行为之间没有因果联系的情况下这样做。然而,由于所使用的一些论点和其他论点的薄弱发展,判决的法律结构是有争议的。最高法院有机会确认进展或维持其先前的学说。
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引用次数: 0
El artículo 3, apartado 2, del Reglamento nº 650/2012: autoridades no judiciales y otros profesionales del Derecho 第650/2012号条例第3(2)条:非司法当局和其他法律专业人员
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17103/reei.39.03
Marta Requejo Isidro
espanolEn los ultimos anos el TJUE ha recibido varias peticiones de interpretacion con origen en la actividad notarial, en el marco de distintos instrumentos para la cooperacion judicial civil. En este texto se abordan en particular las planteadas en relacion con el Reglamento 650/2012, de sucesiones. Tienen como objetivo ofrecer una explicacion de la respuesta del TJUE, al tiempo que pone en tela de juicio el metodo de interpretacion empleado. Incluye ademas reflexiones sobre la posible incorporacion directa del notario (y otros profesionales del Derecho) al “dialogo judicial” con el TJUE a traves de la cuestion prejudicial. EnglishIn recent years, the CJEU has received several requests for a preliminary ruling originating from a notarial activity within the framework of different instruments for civil judicial cooperation. This text focuses on those related to Regulation 650/2012 – the “successions Regulation”. It aims to provide an explanation of the judgments of the CJEU, while calling into question its method of interpretation. It reflects as well on the possible incorporation of the notaries (and other legal professionals) to the “judicial dialogue” with the CJEU, allowing them to directly refer requests for interpretation.
{"title":"El artículo 3, apartado 2, del Reglamento nº 650/2012: autoridades no judiciales y otros profesionales del Derecho","authors":"Marta Requejo Isidro","doi":"10.17103/reei.39.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17103/reei.39.03","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn los ultimos anos el TJUE ha recibido varias peticiones de interpretacion con origen en la actividad notarial, en el marco de distintos instrumentos para la cooperacion judicial civil. En este texto se abordan en particular las planteadas en relacion con el Reglamento 650/2012, de sucesiones. Tienen como objetivo ofrecer una explicacion de la respuesta del TJUE, al tiempo que pone en tela de juicio el metodo de interpretacion empleado. Incluye ademas reflexiones sobre la posible incorporacion directa del notario (y otros profesionales del Derecho) al “dialogo judicial” con el TJUE a traves de la cuestion prejudicial. EnglishIn recent years, the CJEU has received several requests for a preliminary ruling originating from a notarial activity within the framework of different instruments for civil judicial cooperation. This text focuses on those related to Regulation 650/2012 – the “successions Regulation”. It aims to provide an explanation of the judgments of the CJEU, while calling into question its method of interpretation. It reflects as well on the possible incorporation of the notaries (and other legal professionals) to the “judicial dialogue” with the CJEU, allowing them to directly refer requests for interpretation.","PeriodicalId":40338,"journal":{"name":"Revista Electronica de Estudios Internacionales","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42652432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MORAGA MEJÍAS, M.Á., Jurisdicción internacional-teoría general. Tribunales internacionales y Tribunales de integración, Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 2018, 402 pp. MORAGA mejias,硕士,国际管辖权通论。国际法院与一体化法院,萨拉曼卡大学出版社,2018,402页。
IF 0.1 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.17103/reei.39.29
Miguel García García-Revillo
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引用次数: 0
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