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2016 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)最新文献

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The structures and the energy management strategies in FCHVs fchv的结构与能源管理策略
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736281
XiaoPeng Lu, W. Jiang
Fuel cell has become one of the best sources of power source for sustainable transportation because of its low temperature chamber gas emission and high power density. Fuel cell hybrid vehicle use fuel cell and battery/super capacitor drive system. Energy management strategy is the most important issues in the efficiency and performance of hybrid vehicle systems. This paper summarizes the system structure, energy and energy management strategy of the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. The rapid growth of electric vehicles makes the intelligent power grid control play an important role in the management of demand. Aware of environmental issues and fuel crisis, has brought the world's fuel cell hybrid car sales.
燃料电池以其低温室内气体排放和高功率密度的特点,成为可持续交通的最佳动力源之一。燃料电池混合动力汽车采用燃料电池和电池/超级电容器驱动系统。能源管理策略是影响混合动力汽车系统效率和性能的关键问题。综述了燃料电池混合动力汽车的系统结构、能量和能量管理策略。电动汽车的快速增长使得智能电网控制在需求管理中发挥了重要作用。意识到环境问题和燃料危机,带来了全球燃料电池混合动力汽车的销量。
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引用次数: 1
Ethical issues for social robots and the trust-based approach 社交机器人的伦理问题和基于信任的方法
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736246
Tora Koyama
Recent robotics research is shifting its focus from industrial robots to social robots. One of the most difficult issues facing social robots is ethics. In this paper, I discuss how ethical issues on robots should be addressed from a philosophical point of view. After a brief survey of the previous research, I raise some issues that I found with the studies. Finally, I propose a novel approach that I call the Trust-based approach.
最近机器人研究的重点正从工业机器人转向社会机器人。社交机器人面临的最困难的问题之一是伦理。在本文中,我讨论了如何从哲学的角度解决机器人的伦理问题。在简要回顾了前人的研究之后,我提出了我在研究中发现的一些问题。最后,我提出了一种新颖的方法,我称之为基于信任的方法。
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引用次数: 5
High temperature full-field strain measurement based on digital image correlation during arc welding 基于数字图像相关的弧焊高温全场应变测量
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736282
X. Zhou, H. B. Chen, J. Chen, S. B. Chen, Zhili Feng
Experiments for measuring high temperature full-field strain were conducted during GTAW welding process using digital image correlation (DIC) technology. A special visual sensor system was equipped with image acquisition module. In order to reduce the influence of intense arc interference, a special laser-based illumination and filtering system was utilized. The in situ total strain close to the fusion line was measured during arc welding process. According to the total strain measured by DIC method and thermal strain calculated by the coefficient of thermal expansion, the mechanical strain was obtained, illustrating the sum of elastic and plastic strain distribution and deformation in the heated affected zone of the joint. Results showed that there remained compressive strain in both horizontal and vertical direction near the welding joint after welding. It demonstrated that full-field strain measurement could be achieved by DIC method during in situ arc welding.
采用数字图像相关(DIC)技术对GTAW焊接过程中的高温全场应变进行了测量实验。一种特殊的视觉传感器系统配备了图像采集模块。为了减小强电弧干扰的影响,采用了一种特殊的激光照明滤波系统。在电弧焊过程中,测量了熔合线附近的原位总应变。根据DIC法测得的总应变和热膨胀系数计算得到的热应变,得到力学应变,说明接头热影响区内弹塑性应变分布和变形的总和。结果表明:焊接后焊缝附近水平方向和垂直方向均存在压应变;结果表明,采用DIC方法可以实现原位电弧焊过程中的全场应变测量。
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引用次数: 1
A novel design of robotic air bridge training system 一种新型的机器人空桥训练系统设计
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736258
Jie Chen, Yuan Fang, H. Lau
With the rapid development of virtual realities, it becomes possible nowadays for industrial practitioners to incorporate these technologies into their own applications. In air cargo industries, operating the air bridge system is of high importance, but due to the limited resources and potential damages to the aircrafts, training every operator in real world systems is difficult. To solve this problem, an air bridge simulator embedded into virtual reality systems will be a very good alternative. In this paper, a four degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robotic motion platform is designed to simulate the movement of an air bridge. The platform is driven by four pairs of motors and ball screws, and we also design a damping system for the proposed platform to avoid sudden shock. The proposed design of the structure has several advantages. Firstly, the structure itself is very simple. Secondly, due to its redundant DOF, many challenging requirements can be easily satisfied, such as singularity avoidance and energy minimization. Thirdly, as the load of the system is shared by many universal ball bull eye bearings, the required driving force of the platform is reduced drastically due to the low friction coefficient, which increases the agility of the system a lot. The inverse kinematic model (IK) of the proposed robotic air bridge simulator is also derived, and the derived IK is then used to drive the platform to perform a trajectory tracking task in simulation environment.
随着虚拟现实技术的快速发展,如今工业从业者将这些技术融入到自己的应用中已经成为可能。在航空货运行业,操作空桥系统是非常重要的,但由于资源有限和对飞机的潜在损害,在现实世界系统中培训每个操作员是困难的。为了解决这一问题,在虚拟现实系统中嵌入空气桥模拟器将是一个很好的选择。本文设计了一个四自由度机器人运动平台来模拟空气桥的运动。该平台由四对电机和滚珠丝杠驱动,并为平台设计了阻尼系统,以避免突然冲击。所提出的结构设计有几个优点。首先,结构本身非常简单。其次,由于其冗余自由度,可以很容易地满足许多具有挑战性的要求,如避免奇点和能量最小化。第三,由于系统的载荷由多个万向球牛眼轴承共同承担,由于摩擦系数低,大大降低了平台所需的驱动力,大大增加了系统的敏捷性。推导了机器人空气桥模拟器的运动学逆模型,并利用该模型驱动平台在仿真环境中执行轨迹跟踪任务。
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引用次数: 2
Design of a flexible polishing force control flange 柔性抛光力控制法兰的设计
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736262
Ting Huang, Chuang Li, Zhenhua Wang, Lining Sun, Guodong Chen
In order to resolve issues such as excessive rigidity in polishing process with industrial robot, this paper proposed a solving method by installing a force feedback device at the robot end, designed an integrated pneumatic drive, servo control, mechanical drive force control flange device, built its control system platform, and proved in experiments that the dynamic performance of this device meets the requirements of the grinding and polishing system with industrial robot.
为了解决工业机器人磨削抛光过程中刚性过大的问题,本文提出了在机器人端部安装力反馈装置的解决方法,设计了集气动驱动、伺服控制、机械驱动力控制于一体的法兰装置,搭建了其控制系统平台,并通过实验证明了该装置的动态性能满足工业机器人磨削抛光系统的要求。
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引用次数: 9
Learning adaptive reaching skills with nonlinear dynamical systems directly from human demonstrations 直接从人类演示中学习非线性动力系统的自适应到达技巧
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736287
Jie Chen, H. Lau
In this work, we first discuss details about a novel motion planning approach for robot point to point reaching tasks called stable estimator of dynamical systems (SEDS). A human operator first demonstrates reaching movements several times, and Gaussian Mixture Model and Gaussian Mixture Regression are used to roughly encode human demonstrations through a first order ordinary differential equation. Then based on Lyapunov Stability Theorem, a constrained nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to iteratively refine the previously learned differential model and SEDS is derived. Since during human demonstrations, the velocity is usually quite low which heavily restricts the kinetic capability of the robot, and sometimes we expect the robot to move more fast, such as to catch flying objects and to avoid fast moving obstacles. Therefore, it is extremely significant to develop a method to control the velocity and duration of the robot movement. In this paper, we define a nonlinear function based on the distance between the robot and the target to adjust the velocity of the robot. Experiments have been conducted in simulation environments to verify three properties of the proposed method, namely global asymptotical stability, adaptation to spatial perturbations and velocity controllability.
在这项工作中,我们首先详细讨论了机器人点到点到达任务的一种新的运动规划方法,称为动态系统的稳定估计器(SEDS)。首先由人工操作者多次演示到达运动,然后利用高斯混合模型和高斯混合回归,通过一阶常微分方程对人工演示进行粗略编码。然后,基于李雅普诺夫稳定性定理,构造了一个约束非线性优化问题,对之前学习的微分模型进行迭代细化,并推导出SEDS。由于在人类演示期间,速度通常相当低,这严重限制了机器人的动力学能力,有时我们期望机器人移动得更快,例如捕捉飞行物体和避免快速移动的障碍物。因此,开发一种控制机器人运动速度和持续时间的方法具有十分重要的意义。在本文中,我们定义了一个基于机器人与目标之间距离的非线性函数来调节机器人的速度。仿真实验验证了该方法的全局渐近稳定性、空间摄动适应性和速度可控性。
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引用次数: 1
Socializing with robots: Human-robot interactions within a virtual environment 与机器人的社交:在虚拟环境中的人机交互
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736255
A. Richert, M. Shehadeh, S. Müller, Stefan Schröder, S. Jeschke
Robots are already physically supporting humans within multiple processes, but as a step further, the robots will be able to identify and adapt to any individual strengths and become the flawless co-workers needed. One of the questions is whether in other fields of social robotics, e.g. in ergonomics, existing knowledge about human teams can be transferred into the design of hybrid teams and the shaping of human-computer interactions. These developments serve the appearance of Industry 4.0, which is directly correlated to the modernization of productions that are directly involved in defining the concept of hybrid human-robot-teams. This is a concept paper that describes the investigation whether the appearance of the robot and its accuracy while fulfilling the task influence the stress level of the human, his cooperation behavior and trust towards the robot, and as an overall result the performance of the cooperative work in a complete virtual environment. The participants will be given a task to accomplish with the aid of their virtual robot partner and rely on their features and abilities, they have to act as efficiently as possible, which gives room to investigate the teamwork over various team development stages, stress, trust, and performance. The study will take place in August 2016, where the results will be published shortly afterwards.
机器人已经在多个过程中为人类提供了物理支持,但更进一步,机器人将能够识别和适应任何个人优势,并成为所需的完美同事。其中一个问题是,在社会机器人的其他领域,例如在人体工程学中,关于人类团队的现有知识是否可以转移到混合团队的设计和人机交互的塑造中。这些发展为工业4.0的出现服务,这与直接参与定义混合人-机器人团队概念的生产现代化直接相关。这是一篇概念论文,描述了在一个完整的虚拟环境中,机器人的外观和它在完成任务时的精度是否会影响人的压力水平、他的合作行为和对机器人的信任,从而影响合作工作的总体表现。参与者将在他们的虚拟机器人伙伴的帮助下完成一项任务,并依靠他们的特点和能力,他们必须尽可能高效地行动,这就给了他们在不同的团队发展阶段、压力、信任和表现上调查团队合作的空间。该研究将于2016年8月进行,研究结果将在不久之后公布。
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引用次数: 8
Responsibility in the age of autonomous machines 自主机器时代的责任
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736249
Minao Kukita
'Responsibility' is a concept of central importance in ethics. In ethics, responsibility has traditionally been applied only to a human or a group of humans. However, the recent development of ICT has revealed a limitation of this old conception of responsibility. In this paper, we will see what conditions are traditionally required for responsibility attribution, and how these conditions are faced with difficulties by technologies today, especially those which produce autonomous agents like AIs or robots. Then we will consider how the concept of responsibility has to change in a society where autonomous machines and humans coexist.
“责任”是伦理学中最重要的概念。在伦理学中,责任传统上只适用于一个人或一群人。然而,最近信息和通信技术的发展揭示了这种旧的责任观念的局限性。在本文中,我们将看到责任归属传统上需要什么条件,以及这些条件如何面对当今技术的困难,特别是那些产生像人工智能或机器人这样的自主代理的技术。然后,我们将考虑在一个自主机器和人类共存的社会中,责任的概念必须如何改变。
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引用次数: 0
Multisensory data fusion technique and its application to welding process monitoring 多传感器数据融合技术及其在焊接过程监测中的应用
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736298
Zhifen Zhang, G. Wen, Shanben Chen
Multiple sensors of various source have been increasingly applied into different civilian situations as well as robotic welding process monitoring. How to take full advantage of these information, more importantly, scientifically fusion multisensory data for the specific application system may be of great challenge. In this paper, different sensing technique used for real-time welding quality monitoring were briefly reviewed and discussed in terms of their ability for implementation of data fusion system. Then, a feature-level data fusion application case of aluminum GTAW condition monitoring will be given with thoroughly discussion. This paper will provide some guidance for implementation of fusion system for process monitoring and defect detection.
各种来源的多传感器越来越多地应用于不同的民用场合以及机器人焊接过程监控。如何充分利用这些信息,更重要的是如何将多感官数据科学地融合到具体的应用系统中,可能是一个很大的挑战。本文简要综述了用于焊接质量实时监测的各种传感技术,并就其实现数据融合系统的能力进行了讨论。然后,给出了一个特征级数据融合在铝材GTAW状态监测中的应用案例,并进行了深入的讨论。本文将为过程监控与缺陷检测融合系统的实现提供一定的指导。
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引用次数: 8
A novel catheter operating robot for vascular interventional surgery 一种新型血管介入手术导管操作机器人
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.1109/ARSO.2016.7736300
Cai Meng, Shaoya Guan, Shengnan Sun, Yin Liu, Tianmiao Wang
VIS (Vascular Interventional Surgery) is widely used for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular disease. Considering conventional VIS has some problems, such as long irradiation time and surgical complexity, a robotic surgical system has been developed to assist surgeon during operation. In this paper, a novel COR (catheter operating robot) is developed to operate catheter, i.e., apply conventional push, pull, and twist of a catheter's shaft. Considering the limitation on the COR volume in clinical operation environment, the design concept of “part reuse” is proposed to realize the miniaturization of the mechanical structure. In order to reduce the number of machine parts, an intermittent gear is used both to realize the clamping/loosening movement and to perform as a slideway to fulfill the twist movement of two bionic fingers. A clamping/loosening module is devised out of the same purpose, so as to dismantle the catheter easily and ensure the catheter operating system can be removed from the catheter rapidly when the robot is out of service unexpectedly. Performance evaluation of the system was assessed by first conducting positioning accuracy experiment to quantify accuracy and precision of both axial (push and pull) and radial (twist) motion of catheter in control of the COR, and then conducting transparent glass vascular model experiment to assess the usefulness of the COR in robot-assisted VIS. Experimental results show that the COR has multiple advantages such as flexible control, and high positioning precision, which facilitate the control of catheter.
血管介入手术(Vascular Interventional Surgery, VIS)广泛应用于心脑血管疾病。针对传统VIS存在照射时间长、手术复杂等问题,研制了一种机器人辅助手术系统。本文开发了一种新型的导管操作机器人COR(导管操作机器人),即利用传统的导管轴的推、拉和扭转来操作导管。考虑到临床手术环境中COR体积的限制,提出了“部件再利用”的设计理念,实现了机械结构的小型化。为了减少机器零件的数量,采用间歇式齿轮来实现夹紧/松开运动,并作为滑道来实现两个仿生手指的扭转运动。出于同样的目的,设计了夹紧/松开模块,以便在机器人意外停机时方便地拆卸导管,并确保导管操作系统能够快速从导管上拆卸下来。首先进行了定位精度实验,量化了COR控制导管轴向(推拉)和径向(扭转)运动的精度和精度,然后进行了透明玻璃血管模型实验,评估了COR在机器人辅助VIS中的实用性。实验结果表明,COR具有控制灵活、定位精度高等优点。便于导管的控制。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2016 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)
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