Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902380
D. Ureche, Camelia Ureche, M. Nicoara, G. Plăvan
eomposition ofthe food speetrum and feeding behavior in fish in Romania have not been previously well researehed (BANARESCU 1964). We studied fish living in the River Dambovita and its tributaries to determine their eommunity strueture and feeding habits in areas with varying anthropogenic impact and natural features. We ana1yzed food eomposition and feeding behavior o f the fish speeies eaptured aeross an altitudinal gradient and in eonjunction with the anthropogenie influenee, mainly pollution. The 14 si tes were loeated at GPS coordinates 44.28671-45.25130 N; 25.08115-26.07982E (Fig. 1).
{"title":"The role of macroinvertebrates in diets of fish in River Dambovita, Romania","authors":"D. Ureche, Camelia Ureche, M. Nicoara, G. Plăvan","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902380","url":null,"abstract":"eomposition ofthe food speetrum and feeding behavior in fish in Romania have not been previously well researehed (BANARESCU 1964). We studied fish living in the River Dambovita and its tributaries to determine their eommunity strueture and feeding habits in areas with varying anthropogenic impact and natural features. We ana1yzed food eomposition and feeding behavior o f the fish speeies eaptured aeross an altitudinal gradient and in eonjunction with the anthropogenie influenee, mainly pollution. The 14 si tes were loeated at GPS coordinates 44.28671-45.25130 N; 25.08115-26.07982E (Fig. 1).","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129290809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902371
O. Mitamura, J. Tachibana, K. Kondo, S. Ueda, Y. Seike
A dense biomass of emergent and submerged macrophytes and associated epiphytic microorganisms on submerged stems are often observed in shallow near-shore areas. Epiphytic microorganisms contribute to biogeochemical cycling in macrophyte zones. In Lake Biwa, Phragmites communis covers an area of3 km (including lagoons), which comprises 60% o f submerged macrophytes. Throughout the year, Phragmites has a large substratum for epiphytic microbial colonization in the reed zone. In the littoral zone, the standing crop o f these epiphytic algae is generally larger than that of phytoplankton. The reed zone in Lake Biwa is an important subecosystem for the study ofbiogeochemical dynamics in a lake ecosystem. The contribution of the epiphytic microorganisms to the biogeochemical cycling is related to the available surface area of reed stems as the epiphytic substratum. The measurement of epiphytic primary production on reed stems has been studied by several investigators. Some available biological and chemical data on the reed zones of Lake Biwa has been reported (TANIMIZU et al. 1981, ÜHTSUKA et al. 1996, MITAMURA & TACHIBANA 1999, MITO et al. 2002, MITAMURA et al. 2005). There is, however, little information on the biogeochemical cycling in the reed zone. Much information has been accumulated to elucidate the distribution and metabolism o f urea in natural water bodies because of its significance as an important nitrogen source for phytoplankton and the appreciation o f its ro le in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Urea decomposition by natural phytoplankton has been demonstrated using e labeled urea (MITAMURA & SAuo 1986, IRMISCH 1991, MITAMURA et al. 1994, 1995, 2000, 2005). Previous workers reported that urea in the pelagic waters was presumably decomposed more effectively by phytoplankton than by bacteria. Knowledge of urea decomposition by epiphytic microorganisms, however, is quite limited. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the contribution of epiphytic algae to the urea decomposition in a shallow littoral area of Lake Biwa.
{"title":"Seasonal change in urea decomposition by epiphytic and planktonic algae in a reed zone of Lake Biwa, Japan","authors":"O. Mitamura, J. Tachibana, K. Kondo, S. Ueda, Y. Seike","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902371","url":null,"abstract":"A dense biomass of emergent and submerged macrophytes and associated epiphytic microorganisms on submerged stems are often observed in shallow near-shore areas. Epiphytic microorganisms contribute to biogeochemical cycling in macrophyte zones. In Lake Biwa, Phragmites communis covers an area of3 km (including lagoons), which comprises 60% o f submerged macrophytes. Throughout the year, Phragmites has a large substratum for epiphytic microbial colonization in the reed zone. In the littoral zone, the standing crop o f these epiphytic algae is generally larger than that of phytoplankton. The reed zone in Lake Biwa is an important subecosystem for the study ofbiogeochemical dynamics in a lake ecosystem. The contribution of the epiphytic microorganisms to the biogeochemical cycling is related to the available surface area of reed stems as the epiphytic substratum. The measurement of epiphytic primary production on reed stems has been studied by several investigators. Some available biological and chemical data on the reed zones of Lake Biwa has been reported (TANIMIZU et al. 1981, ÜHTSUKA et al. 1996, MITAMURA & TACHIBANA 1999, MITO et al. 2002, MITAMURA et al. 2005). There is, however, little information on the biogeochemical cycling in the reed zone. Much information has been accumulated to elucidate the distribution and metabolism o f urea in natural water bodies because of its significance as an important nitrogen source for phytoplankton and the appreciation o f its ro le in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Urea decomposition by natural phytoplankton has been demonstrated using e labeled urea (MITAMURA & SAuo 1986, IRMISCH 1991, MITAMURA et al. 1994, 1995, 2000, 2005). Previous workers reported that urea in the pelagic waters was presumably decomposed more effectively by phytoplankton than by bacteria. Knowledge of urea decomposition by epiphytic microorganisms, however, is quite limited. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the contribution of epiphytic algae to the urea decomposition in a shallow littoral area of Lake Biwa.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124192325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902385
H. Helal
The Nile is the major life artery for life in the arid north-east quarter of the African continent. This is especially true for Egypt, where the highest human population density exists on the river's banks and its delta. As a result, the Nile in Egypt is one ofthe most controlled rivers in the world. The Nile flows from south to north where it eventually empties its water into the Mediterranean Sea. At its delta, beginning just south of Cairo, it bifurcates into 2 branches; the Damietta Branch to the east and the Rosetta Branch to the west. Despite the importance of the Nile in Egypt, few studies have been performed on its water quality, especially in the delta region. Studying the water quality and biological diversity o f the de l ta waters should provide useful information on the many human impacts upstream. Such studies are especially important after the reduction of the Nile water flow into the Mediterranean after 1970 as a result ofthe completion ofthe Aswan High Dam (NIXON 2003). Until now, the Nile Delta received little attention in limnological research. Zooplankton of the Damietta Branch was considered by HELAL (1981, 2006), and phytoplankton was investigated by BAKA (1980) and DEYAB (1987). In addition to plankton, these studies addressed some aspects o f water quality. A published portion of the present study, with a focus on zooplankton, revealed a decline in zooplankton species diversity in 2003 compared to earlier data from 1978 (HELAL 2006). Studies on heavy metals focused only on the brackish segments of the Damietta Estuary (IBRAHIM et al. 1999) and the Rosetta Estuary (SAAD & HASSAN 2002) In this paper, I document some important forms of water pollution: (a) eutrophication as a result ofhigh nutrients concentration (nitrate and phosphate), and (b) pollution by heavy metals (lead and mercury). I compared data from 2 separate studies 24 years apart. Both studies covered the same section of the Damietta Branch. The first study was performed during 1978-1979 (BAKA 1980, HELAL 1981 ), and the more recent study was done during 2002-2003.
{"title":"Eutrophication of the Nile: Comparative nutrient data of the Damietta Branch, Egypt, from 1978 and 2003","authors":"H. Helal","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902385","url":null,"abstract":"The Nile is the major life artery for life in the arid north-east quarter of the African continent. This is especially true for Egypt, where the highest human population density exists on the river's banks and its delta. As a result, the Nile in Egypt is one ofthe most controlled rivers in the world. The Nile flows from south to north where it eventually empties its water into the Mediterranean Sea. At its delta, beginning just south of Cairo, it bifurcates into 2 branches; the Damietta Branch to the east and the Rosetta Branch to the west. Despite the importance of the Nile in Egypt, few studies have been performed on its water quality, especially in the delta region. Studying the water quality and biological diversity o f the de l ta waters should provide useful information on the many human impacts upstream. Such studies are especially important after the reduction of the Nile water flow into the Mediterranean after 1970 as a result ofthe completion ofthe Aswan High Dam (NIXON 2003). Until now, the Nile Delta received little attention in limnological research. Zooplankton of the Damietta Branch was considered by HELAL (1981, 2006), and phytoplankton was investigated by BAKA (1980) and DEYAB (1987). In addition to plankton, these studies addressed some aspects o f water quality. A published portion of the present study, with a focus on zooplankton, revealed a decline in zooplankton species diversity in 2003 compared to earlier data from 1978 (HELAL 2006). Studies on heavy metals focused only on the brackish segments of the Damietta Estuary (IBRAHIM et al. 1999) and the Rosetta Estuary (SAAD & HASSAN 2002) In this paper, I document some important forms of water pollution: (a) eutrophication as a result ofhigh nutrients concentration (nitrate and phosphate), and (b) pollution by heavy metals (lead and mercury). I compared data from 2 separate studies 24 years apart. Both studies covered the same section of the Damietta Branch. The first study was performed during 1978-1979 (BAKA 1980, HELAL 1981 ), and the more recent study was done during 2002-2003.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121511464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902360
S. Grubbs, A. Meier, Ouida D. Meier
Darters are a speciose group of small fishes belonging to the family Percidae and endemic to the eastern Nearctic region (ETNIER & STARNES 1993, PAGE 1983). Most species are assigned to the genera Etheostoma and Percina, with a third genus (Ammocrypta) having relatively few species. Most Etheostoma and Percina is centered in (l) the In teri o r Plateau region that encompasses the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, (2) the Ozark uplift area of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, and (3) Kentucky south through central Tennessee and northern Alabama, and east North Carolina and Virginia. The southeastern United States harbors an impressive diversity of stream fishes (MAYDEN 1988, WARREN et al. 2000). Kentucky's Green River is one ofthe top 4 rivers in the United States according to fish and mussel diversity (ThE NATURE CoNSERVANCY 2005). The Upper Green River Basin, in particular, is the subject of a Nature Conservancy landscape-scale conservation effort and in 200 l was established as Kentucky's USDA Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). A primary goal of the 40 000 ha Kentucky CREP is to reduce non-point source pollution loading (e.g., sediment, fertilizer) into the mainstem ofthe Green River and main tributaries by recruiting landowners into incentive-based l 0--15 yr. cooperative agreements. We assessed the relationship between abundance patterns of a speciose darter assemblage in Kentucky's Upper Green River Basin in relation to watershedand reach-scale environmental variables. Intensive biological sampling was initiated in 2001, and we considered this data as a pre-manipulative, basin-wide control because through 2001 only 516 ha ( 1.3 %) had been incorporated into CREP practices, with only 234 ha as riparian buffer. Additionally, because landuse data were not quantified prior to the start of biological sampling we did not have preconceived assumptions regarding fish assemblage response to environmental variables indicative of anthropogenic perturbation (e. g., row cropping).
鲈鱼是一种小型鱼类，属于鲈科，是新北极东部地区特有的(ETNIER & STARNES 1993, PAGE 1983)。大多数种类被分配到Etheostoma和Percina属，与第三属(Ammocrypta)有相对较少的物种。大多数Etheostoma和Percina集中在(1)包括阿肯色州西部和俄克拉何马州东部瓦希托山脉的in teri - or高原地区，(2)阿肯色州北部和密苏里州南部的Ozark隆起地区，以及(3)肯塔基州南部通过田纳西州中部和阿拉巴马州北部，以及北卡罗来纳州东部和弗吉尼亚州。美国东南部拥有令人印象深刻的河流鱼类多样性(MAYDEN 1988, WARREN et al. 2000)。根据鱼类和贻贝的多样性，肯塔基州的绿河是美国四大河流之一(大自然保护协会2005年)。特别是上绿河流域，是大自然保护协会景观保护工作的主题，并于2001年作为肯塔基州美国农业部保护区加强计划(CREP)建立。肯塔基州4万公顷的CREP项目的一个主要目标是通过招募土地所有者加入基于奖励的10 -15年合作协议，减少非点源污染负荷(例如，沉积物、肥料)进入绿河主河道和主要支流。我们评估了肯塔基州上格林河流域物种鱼群的丰度模式与流域和河段环境变量之间的关系。2001年开始进行密集的生物采样，我们将这些数据视为操作前的全流域控制，因为到2001年，只有516公顷(1.3%)被纳入CREP实践，只有234公顷作为河岸缓冲。此外，由于在生物采样开始之前没有对土地利用数据进行量化，因此我们没有先入为主的假设，即鱼类群落对表明人为扰动的环境变量(例如，行种植)的响应。
{"title":"Assessing the influence of watershed- and reach-scale environmental variables on the speciose darter (Percidae: Etheostoma, Percina) assemblage of a central Kentucky (USA) landscape","authors":"S. Grubbs, A. Meier, Ouida D. Meier","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902360","url":null,"abstract":"Darters are a speciose group of small fishes belonging to the family Percidae and endemic to the eastern Nearctic region (ETNIER & STARNES 1993, PAGE 1983). Most species are assigned to the genera Etheostoma and Percina, with a third genus (Ammocrypta) having relatively few species. Most Etheostoma and Percina is centered in (l) the In teri o r Plateau region that encompasses the Ouachita Mountains of western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, (2) the Ozark uplift area of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, and (3) Kentucky south through central Tennessee and northern Alabama, and east North Carolina and Virginia. The southeastern United States harbors an impressive diversity of stream fishes (MAYDEN 1988, WARREN et al. 2000). Kentucky's Green River is one ofthe top 4 rivers in the United States according to fish and mussel diversity (ThE NATURE CoNSERVANCY 2005). The Upper Green River Basin, in particular, is the subject of a Nature Conservancy landscape-scale conservation effort and in 200 l was established as Kentucky's USDA Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). A primary goal of the 40 000 ha Kentucky CREP is to reduce non-point source pollution loading (e.g., sediment, fertilizer) into the mainstem ofthe Green River and main tributaries by recruiting landowners into incentive-based l 0--15 yr. cooperative agreements. We assessed the relationship between abundance patterns of a speciose darter assemblage in Kentucky's Upper Green River Basin in relation to watershedand reach-scale environmental variables. Intensive biological sampling was initiated in 2001, and we considered this data as a pre-manipulative, basin-wide control because through 2001 only 516 ha ( 1.3 %) had been incorporated into CREP practices, with only 234 ha as riparian buffer. Additionally, because landuse data were not quantified prior to the start of biological sampling we did not have preconceived assumptions regarding fish assemblage response to environmental variables indicative of anthropogenic perturbation (e. g., row cropping).","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124333844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902374
K. Röske, I. Röske
Drinking water is one of the most valuable resourees on our planet. Not only water availability, but also its ehemieal and biologieal quality plays an important ro le. Pathogenie mieroorganisms in the water ean affeet human health and inerease the eosts for drinking water treatment. One way that pathogenie mieroorganisms enter a water body is, for instanee, by erosion of agrieultural eatehment areas. Another health risk eomes from viruses that ean also be transmitted through water (FouT et al. 2003, PuscH et al. 2005). Beeause a large nurnber of baeteria and viruses reside in sediments, they might serve as long term memory markers of environmental impaets on water bodies. The diversity o f these baeteria and viruses is largely unknown. Mieroorganisms are involved in the eycle of organie matter and might influenee water quality. Pathogenie baeteria ean al so be among the huge variety of mieroorganisms in the sediment. Direetly deteeting individual pathogenie baeteria is often diffieult; therefore, indicators sueh as Escherichia coli are used to estimate the load of feeal eontaminations. Coliphages are a type of virus that infeet E. coli and also might be useful as an indieator for feeal eontamination. W e investigated the diversity o f the mieroorganisms in the sediment o f the drinking water reservoir, Saidenbaeh, in Germany, with speeial emphasis on the identifieation of potentially pathogenie baeteria.
{"title":"Investigation of the complex microbial community in freshwater sediments in Saidenbach drinking water reservoir, Germany","authors":"K. Röske, I. Röske","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902374","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water is one of the most valuable resourees on our planet. Not only water availability, but also its ehemieal and biologieal quality plays an important ro le. Pathogenie mieroorganisms in the water ean affeet human health and inerease the eosts for drinking water treatment. One way that pathogenie mieroorganisms enter a water body is, for instanee, by erosion of agrieultural eatehment areas. Another health risk eomes from viruses that ean also be transmitted through water (FouT et al. 2003, PuscH et al. 2005). Beeause a large nurnber of baeteria and viruses reside in sediments, they might serve as long term memory markers of environmental impaets on water bodies. The diversity o f these baeteria and viruses is largely unknown. Mieroorganisms are involved in the eycle of organie matter and might influenee water quality. Pathogenie baeteria ean al so be among the huge variety of mieroorganisms in the sediment. Direetly deteeting individual pathogenie baeteria is often diffieult; therefore, indicators sueh as Escherichia coli are used to estimate the load of feeal eontaminations. Coliphages are a type of virus that infeet E. coli and also might be useful as an indieator for feeal eontamination. W e investigated the diversity o f the mieroorganisms in the sediment o f the drinking water reservoir, Saidenbaeh, in Germany, with speeial emphasis on the identifieation of potentially pathogenie baeteria.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127736570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902364
M. Auer, N. Auer, N. Urban, Laura A. Bub
The amphipod Diporeia is an important feature of the Great Lakes food web, figuring prominently in the diet of several commercially important fish species (e.g., lake whitefish and lake trout). Once widely distributed across the Great Lakes, Diporeia populations are now in severe decline or collapse (DERMOTI & KEREC 1997, NALEPA et al. 1998, 2001, LOZANO et al. 2001) in all but Lake Superior (AUER & KAHN 2004, SCHAROLD et al. 2004). Competition for food resources with invasive mussels (Dreissena) has been cited as a likely reason for the decline in Diporeia; however, no cause-effect relationship is as yet widely accepted. Healthy populations ofthe amphipod in Lake Superior offer an opportunity to study the natural history and energy dynamics of this organism and to provide insights regarding factors mediating extirpation ofthe phylogroup in the other Great Lakes. Research on Great Lakes benthos (e.g., NALEPA 1989, EvANS et al. 1990), including Diporeia, indicates that populations reach higher densities in slope habitats ( depth of30-125 m) than in shallower (0-30 m, shelt) or deeper (>125 m, profundal) regions. Density maxima have been observed in Lake Superior at depths of 40-100 m (CooK 1975, KRAFI 1979, AUER & KAHN 2004) an d the presence o f shelf-slope-profundal differences in Diporeia biomass confirmed (N. Auer, unpubl.; Fig. l inset). Subsequent surveys (N. Auer, unpubl.) have demonstrated that such distributions are widespread in Lake Superior. Some investigators have suggested thatthe density peak may coincide with a bando f sedimented organic ma tter originating from onshore sources (MozLEY & ALLEY 1973). These findings have led our research group to postulate the existence o f a "ring o f fire" in Lake Superior, anarrow band located in nearshore waters where enhanced primary production supports a robust macroinvertebrate population and the attendant secondary production required by species higher in the food web. The location ofthat ring offire is thought to be essentially coincident with the lake 's slope region, but varying in width among locations due to interactions between wind driven turbulence and the depositional environment. The central hypothesis ofthis work is that peaks in amphipod numbers in the slope region are associated with enhanced availability of energy resources. Rates of particulate organic carbon deposition, assessed using sediment traps, are documented in this study to be 2-5 times greater in Lake Superior's slope region than in the adjacent profundal region. Direct deposition and post-depositional focusing can be expected to deliver these energy resources to amphipod populations occupying the slope. Profundal environments would receive lesser amounts due to consumption by benthos during focusing and due to processing of particulate matter during sedimentation (longer residence time; see SIERSZEN et al. 2006). Variation in primary production driven by differences in nutrient supply, temperature, and light conditi
{"title":"Primary production, carbon flux and the distribution of the amphipod Diporeia in Lake Superior","authors":"M. Auer, N. Auer, N. Urban, Laura A. Bub","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902364","url":null,"abstract":"The amphipod Diporeia is an important feature of the Great Lakes food web, figuring prominently in the diet of several commercially important fish species (e.g., lake whitefish and lake trout). Once widely distributed across the Great Lakes, Diporeia populations are now in severe decline or collapse (DERMOTI & KEREC 1997, NALEPA et al. 1998, 2001, LOZANO et al. 2001) in all but Lake Superior (AUER & KAHN 2004, SCHAROLD et al. 2004). Competition for food resources with invasive mussels (Dreissena) has been cited as a likely reason for the decline in Diporeia; however, no cause-effect relationship is as yet widely accepted. Healthy populations ofthe amphipod in Lake Superior offer an opportunity to study the natural history and energy dynamics of this organism and to provide insights regarding factors mediating extirpation ofthe phylogroup in the other Great Lakes. Research on Great Lakes benthos (e.g., NALEPA 1989, EvANS et al. 1990), including Diporeia, indicates that populations reach higher densities in slope habitats ( depth of30-125 m) than in shallower (0-30 m, shelt) or deeper (>125 m, profundal) regions. Density maxima have been observed in Lake Superior at depths of 40-100 m (CooK 1975, KRAFI 1979, AUER & KAHN 2004) an d the presence o f shelf-slope-profundal differences in Diporeia biomass confirmed (N. Auer, unpubl.; Fig. l inset). Subsequent surveys (N. Auer, unpubl.) have demonstrated that such distributions are widespread in Lake Superior. Some investigators have suggested thatthe density peak may coincide with a bando f sedimented organic ma tter originating from onshore sources (MozLEY & ALLEY 1973). These findings have led our research group to postulate the existence o f a \"ring o f fire\" in Lake Superior, anarrow band located in nearshore waters where enhanced primary production supports a robust macroinvertebrate population and the attendant secondary production required by species higher in the food web. The location ofthat ring offire is thought to be essentially coincident with the lake 's slope region, but varying in width among locations due to interactions between wind driven turbulence and the depositional environment. The central hypothesis ofthis work is that peaks in amphipod numbers in the slope region are associated with enhanced availability of energy resources. Rates of particulate organic carbon deposition, assessed using sediment traps, are documented in this study to be 2-5 times greater in Lake Superior's slope region than in the adjacent profundal region. Direct deposition and post-depositional focusing can be expected to deliver these energy resources to amphipod populations occupying the slope. Profundal environments would receive lesser amounts due to consumption by benthos during focusing and due to processing of particulate matter during sedimentation (longer residence time; see SIERSZEN et al. 2006). Variation in primary production driven by differences in nutrient supply, temperature, and light conditi","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126511532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902379
G. Likens, D. Buso
Biogeochemical change has been the predominant characteristic of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), USA, since the inception of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) in 1963. Major changes have included: decreases in concentration and flux o f so lin precipitation and stream water (LIKENS et al. 2002) associated with decreases in S02 emissions (BUTLER et al. 200 l, LIKENS et al. 200 l, 2005); and decreases in concentration and flux o f Ca2+ and Mg2+; and increases of pH in precipitation and stream water (LIKENS et al. 1996, 1998). Surprisingly, since 1982 the forest has ceased to accumulate biomass (LIKENS et al. 1994, 1998, SICCAMA et al. 2007). Long-term records have been indispensable for identifying, documenting, and characterizing these important bio-
自1963年哈伯德布鲁克生态系统研究(HBES)成立以来，生物地球化学变化一直是美国哈伯德布鲁克实验森林(HBEF)的主要特征。主要变化包括:与二氧化硫排放量减少相关的大气降水和水流的浓度和通量减少(LIKENS等人，2002年)(BUTLER等人，2002年，LIKENS等人，2005年);Ca2+和Mg2+的浓度和通量降低;降水和水流pH值的增加(LIKENS等，1996,1998)。令人惊讶的是，自1982年以来，森林已经停止积累生物量(LIKENS et al. 1994,1998, SICCAMA et al. 2007)。长期记录对于识别、记录和描述这些重要的生物特征是必不可少的
{"title":"Long-term changes in streamwater chemistry following disturbance in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, USA","authors":"G. Likens, D. Buso","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902379","url":null,"abstract":"Biogeochemical change has been the predominant characteristic of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), USA, since the inception of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) in 1963. Major changes have included: decreases in concentration and flux o f so lin precipitation and stream water (LIKENS et al. 2002) associated with decreases in S02 emissions (BUTLER et al. 200 l, LIKENS et al. 200 l, 2005); and decreases in concentration and flux o f Ca2+ and Mg2+; and increases of pH in precipitation and stream water (LIKENS et al. 1996, 1998). Surprisingly, since 1982 the forest has ceased to accumulate biomass (LIKENS et al. 1994, 1998, SICCAMA et al. 2007). Long-term records have been indispensable for identifying, documenting, and characterizing these important bio-","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133479340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902366
Kimberly D. Powell, M. Auer
Our appreciation of the ecological importance of bacterioplankton in aquatic environments is increasing with comprehension of their role in decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients. Expansion of our understanding has been hastened by the development of more effective methods for evaluating microbial processes. GARLAND & MILLS (1991) introduced a technique for characterizing and spatially and temporally differentiating bacterioplankton communities in aquatic (seawater, freshwater, and estuarine) environments. Their method, community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), examines the ability ofbacterioplankton communities to metabolize sole-carbon sources using Biolog microplates (containing 96 wells, one control, and 95 sole-carbon sources). When a carbon source is utilized, it produces a violet color and a "fingerprint" of the bacterial community (WINDING 1994). These fingerprints are further analyzed using multivariate statistics to identify samples from different habitats and along spatial gradients within habitats (GARLAND & MILLS 1994 ). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is usually the limiting nutrient for bacterioplankton growth in freshwater environments. The composition and amount of carbon available to bacterioplankton varies spatially and temporally. The DOC pool is partitioned into refractory and labile fractions. Refractory DOC originates primarily from watersheds and, due to its complex nature, is not immediately available to bacterioplankton. Labile dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) is produced by both active and senescing phytoplankton ( excretion) and is associated with zooplankton exudates. The LDOC typically accounts for -9-14% of the total DOC (TDOC) in freshwater lakes {TRANVIK 1988, S0NDERGAARD & MIDDELBOE 1995) and is readily available for uptake by bacterioplankton (BIDDANDA & COTNER 2003). There is no simple, direct measurement of the labile carbon content of water. Bioassays, where organic carbon utilization and/or microorganism growth serve as a reflection of bioavailability, represent the only approach suitable for detection. Here, we apply lability bioassays and CLPP to examine pattems in LDOC abundance and the association o f bacterial populations with selected sources o f DOC ( e.g., riverine inputs, autochthonous production, and diagenesis of particulate matter in the deep chlorophyll maximum) in Lake Superior.
{"title":"Organic carbon lability and community-level physiological profiling of bacterial populations in Lake Superior","authors":"Kimberly D. Powell, M. Auer","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902366","url":null,"abstract":"Our appreciation of the ecological importance of bacterioplankton in aquatic environments is increasing with comprehension of their role in decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients. Expansion of our understanding has been hastened by the development of more effective methods for evaluating microbial processes. GARLAND & MILLS (1991) introduced a technique for characterizing and spatially and temporally differentiating bacterioplankton communities in aquatic (seawater, freshwater, and estuarine) environments. Their method, community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), examines the ability ofbacterioplankton communities to metabolize sole-carbon sources using Biolog microplates (containing 96 wells, one control, and 95 sole-carbon sources). When a carbon source is utilized, it produces a violet color and a \"fingerprint\" of the bacterial community (WINDING 1994). These fingerprints are further analyzed using multivariate statistics to identify samples from different habitats and along spatial gradients within habitats (GARLAND & MILLS 1994 ). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is usually the limiting nutrient for bacterioplankton growth in freshwater environments. The composition and amount of carbon available to bacterioplankton varies spatially and temporally. The DOC pool is partitioned into refractory and labile fractions. Refractory DOC originates primarily from watersheds and, due to its complex nature, is not immediately available to bacterioplankton. Labile dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) is produced by both active and senescing phytoplankton ( excretion) and is associated with zooplankton exudates. The LDOC typically accounts for -9-14% of the total DOC (TDOC) in freshwater lakes {TRANVIK 1988, S0NDERGAARD & MIDDELBOE 1995) and is readily available for uptake by bacterioplankton (BIDDANDA & COTNER 2003). There is no simple, direct measurement of the labile carbon content of water. Bioassays, where organic carbon utilization and/or microorganism growth serve as a reflection of bioavailability, represent the only approach suitable for detection. Here, we apply lability bioassays and CLPP to examine pattems in LDOC abundance and the association o f bacterial populations with selected sources o f DOC ( e.g., riverine inputs, autochthonous production, and diagenesis of particulate matter in the deep chlorophyll maximum) in Lake Superior.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121929347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902393
C. Ramcharan, R. D. Linley, B. Wissel
Zooplankton are prey for 2 very different types of predators. Large or "macro" invertebrates such as Chaoborus, Mysis, and Bythotrephes are tactile, gape-limited predators, while planktivorous fish are visual hunters. These 2 types ofpredators may compete for zooplankton prey in an Intra-Guild Predation pattem (RAMCHARAN et al. 2001, HART 2002, HYAIT et al. 2005) or they may partition the prey resource creating a trophic cascade pattem (CARPENTER & KITCHELL 1988). These pathways of energy flow may have another important component; we now know that many "planktivorous" and even "piscivorous" fishes rely heavily on benthic invertebrates. All the above pattems of energy flow have been studied in lakes that have complete food webs. Lakes that have suffered industria! damage offer the advantage of simplified food webs that are lacking or depauperate in key components. Lakes in the area of Sudbury, Ontario, have suffered decades of metal and acid deposition (GUNN & SANDOY 2003), and although they have largely recovered in terms o f water chemistry (KELLER & PITBLADO 1986, KELLER et al. 1992), many stilllack top piscivores (KELLER et al. 2007) and are depauperate in benthos (GRIFFITHS & KELLER 1992). Here, we focus on 2 questions: (l) Have the pattems of energy flow been altered in these damaged food webs? and (2) What is the role ofthe macroinvertebrate predator, Chaoborus? We compare our results to those for other camivorous macroinvertebrates such as Mysis (BRANSTRATOR et al. 2000, JoHANNSSON et al. 2001) and Bythotrephes (PERGA & GERDEAUX 2006) which, like Chaoborus, typically occupy a trophic position intermediate between zooplankton and planktivorous fish. From 3 lakes in the area of Sudbury, Ontario, samples of zooplankton (including Cladocera, cyclopoids, and calanoids >150 llJil in body size), Chaoborus spp., and yellow perch (Perca jlavescens) were collected. Stable isotopes of o13C and o15N were analyzed by isotope-ratio mass-spectrometry (IRMS) to determine diets and trophic positions ofthe 3 different consurners. Our analyses suggest that Chaoborus is the top pelagic predator in these lakes, while perch is the top predator ofbenthos.
浮游动物是两种不同类型捕食者的猎物。大型或“宏观”无脊椎动物，如Chaoborus, Mysis和Bythotrephes是触觉的，限制空隙的捕食者，而浮游鱼类是视觉猎人。这两种类型的捕食者可能会以“同业捕食”模式竞争浮游动物猎物(RAMCHARAN et al. 2001, HART 2002, HYAIT et al. 2005)，或者它们可能会划分猎物资源，形成营养级联模式(CARPENTER & KITCHELL 1988)。这些能量流动的途径可能还有另一个重要组成部分;我们现在知道，许多“浮游生物”甚至“鱼食性”鱼类严重依赖底栖无脊椎动物。上述所有能量流模式都在具有完整食物网的湖泊中进行了研究。那些遭受工业破坏的湖泊!损害提供了简化食物网的优势，这些食物网缺乏或缺少关键成分。安大略省萨德伯里地区的湖泊遭受了数十年的金属和酸沉积(GUNN & SANDOY 2003)，尽管它们在水化学方面已基本恢复(KELLER & PITBLADO 1986, KELLER等人1992)，但许多湖泊仍然缺乏顶级鱼类(KELLER等人2007)，底底动物也处于衰退状态(GRIFFITHS & KELLER 1992)。在这里，我们关注两个问题:(1)在这些受损的食物网中，能量流动的模式是否发生了改变?(2)大型无脊椎捕食者潮喙的作用是什么?我们将我们的结果与其他大型食性无脊椎动物的结果进行了比较，如Mysis (BRANSTRATOR et al. 2000, JoHANNSSON et al. 2001)和Bythotrephes (PERGA & GERDEAUX 2006)，它们与Chaoborus一样，通常处于浮游动物和浮游鱼类之间的营养地位。在安大略省萨德伯里(Sudbury)地区的3个湖泊中采集了浮游动物(包括枝角目、cyclopoids和体型>150 llJil的calanoid)、潮鲈(Chaoborus spp.)和黄鲈(pera jlavescens)的样本。采用同位素比质谱(IRMS)分析了o13C和o15N的稳定同位素，以确定3种不同消费者的饮食和营养状况。我们的分析表明，巢湖是这些湖泊的顶级上层捕食者，而鲈鱼是底栖动物的顶级捕食者。
{"title":"Diet and trophic position of zooplankton, Chaoborus, and yellow perch as determined by stable isotopes","authors":"C. Ramcharan, R. D. Linley, B. Wissel","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902393","url":null,"abstract":"Zooplankton are prey for 2 very different types of predators. Large or \"macro\" invertebrates such as Chaoborus, Mysis, and Bythotrephes are tactile, gape-limited predators, while planktivorous fish are visual hunters. These 2 types ofpredators may compete for zooplankton prey in an Intra-Guild Predation pattem (RAMCHARAN et al. 2001, HART 2002, HYAIT et al. 2005) or they may partition the prey resource creating a trophic cascade pattem (CARPENTER & KITCHELL 1988). These pathways of energy flow may have another important component; we now know that many \"planktivorous\" and even \"piscivorous\" fishes rely heavily on benthic invertebrates. All the above pattems of energy flow have been studied in lakes that have complete food webs. Lakes that have suffered industria! damage offer the advantage of simplified food webs that are lacking or depauperate in key components. Lakes in the area of Sudbury, Ontario, have suffered decades of metal and acid deposition (GUNN & SANDOY 2003), and although they have largely recovered in terms o f water chemistry (KELLER & PITBLADO 1986, KELLER et al. 1992), many stilllack top piscivores (KELLER et al. 2007) and are depauperate in benthos (GRIFFITHS & KELLER 1992). Here, we focus on 2 questions: (l) Have the pattems of energy flow been altered in these damaged food webs? and (2) What is the role ofthe macroinvertebrate predator, Chaoborus? We compare our results to those for other camivorous macroinvertebrates such as Mysis (BRANSTRATOR et al. 2000, JoHANNSSON et al. 2001) and Bythotrephes (PERGA & GERDEAUX 2006) which, like Chaoborus, typically occupy a trophic position intermediate between zooplankton and planktivorous fish. From 3 lakes in the area of Sudbury, Ontario, samples of zooplankton (including Cladocera, cyclopoids, and calanoids >150 llJil in body size), Chaoborus spp., and yellow perch (Perca jlavescens) were collected. Stable isotopes of o13C and o15N were analyzed by isotope-ratio mass-spectrometry (IRMS) to determine diets and trophic positions ofthe 3 different consurners. Our analyses suggest that Chaoborus is the top pelagic predator in these lakes, while perch is the top predator ofbenthos.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"743 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122006574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902397
M. Jayanthi
Cyanotoxins are highly persistent in water due to their stable chemical structure and are increasingly being recognized as a potent stress factor in aquatic food chains. The carbon transfer efficiency between the primary producers and the herbivorous consumers during cyanobacterial blooms is a theme for investigation because of the direct impact of the cyanotoxins on the growth and reproduction of herbivorous zooplankton. Heliodiaptomus viduus is a dominant freshwater calanoid species o f South In dia that forms an important link in the trophodynamics of freshwater food chains, and field studies show they are feeding on cyanobacteria. Toxic strains of genus Microcystis are a common occurrence in many Indian ponds during summer, and Heliodiaptomus viduus are found to coexist with them in the Thuvakudi pond located at the outskirts of Tiruchirappalli. This study observed how Heliodiaptomus viduus cope with the toxic Microcystis in their diet and how this influences their reproductive performance. The objective was to assess the impact of cyanotoxins on the growth and reproduction of Heliodiaptomus viduus by subjecting them to Microcystis food in different experimental combinations.
{"title":"Trophodynamic interference of cyanotoxins on the growth and reproduction of Heliodiaptomus viduus","authors":"M. Jayanthi","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902397","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanotoxins are highly persistent in water due to their stable chemical structure and are increasingly being recognized as a potent stress factor in aquatic food chains. The carbon transfer efficiency between the primary producers and the herbivorous consumers during cyanobacterial blooms is a theme for investigation because of the direct impact of the cyanotoxins on the growth and reproduction of herbivorous zooplankton. Heliodiaptomus viduus is a dominant freshwater calanoid species o f South In dia that forms an important link in the trophodynamics of freshwater food chains, and field studies show they are feeding on cyanobacteria. Toxic strains of genus Microcystis are a common occurrence in many Indian ponds during summer, and Heliodiaptomus viduus are found to coexist with them in the Thuvakudi pond located at the outskirts of Tiruchirappalli. This study observed how Heliodiaptomus viduus cope with the toxic Microcystis in their diet and how this influences their reproductive performance. The objective was to assess the impact of cyanotoxins on the growth and reproduction of Heliodiaptomus viduus by subjecting them to Microcystis food in different experimental combinations.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132054017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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