Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902375
Jesse C. Becker, A. Groeger
Mercury (Hg) is a widely studied pollutant of great concern in aquatic ecosystems, yet we know little about its distribution in large reservoirs, especially those in subtropical and tropical regions. Determining the spatial distribution of Hg in aquatic ecosystems is important for understanding how it cycles through systems. Most of the Hg investigations involving a spatial component have been done on larger scales (e.g. GILMOUR et al. 1998, DAVIS et al. 2008) or in boreal and temperate regions (e.g. GoRSKI et al. 2003). Amistad International Reservoir is a large subtropical reservoir located on the border between Texas, United States, and eoahuila, Mexico (29°27'N; 101 °03'W), in the Rio Grande/Río Bravo drainage basin. At conservation level (340.5 m a.s.l.) it covers approximately 263 km• The reservoir is oligotrophic with high alkalinity and pH, low dissolved organic carbon (DOe; IBWe 1997, TeEQ 2004), and low wetland area (authors, pers. observ.). These characteristics are not usually linked to elevated Hg levels in biota. VANMETRE et al. (1997) found low but increasing levels of total Hg over time in the sediments o f the reservoir (40-50 ppb at the surface) using 2 sediment cores and linked much of this increase to atmospheric sources. The only native sources of Hg in the basin are approximately 250 km upstream in the Big Bend region. This area, known as the Terlingua Mining District, was the third largest Hg mining area in the United States until the mines were closed in 1973 (GRAY et al. 2006). We present a preliminary description of the variation in sediment total Hg and some potential influences on the movement o f this H g through the system. Results to date suggest higher loading to the Rio Grande (RG) arm of the reservoir, while the Devils River (DR) arm has conditions that may facilitate the transformation of inorganic Hg into organic methyl mercury (meHg). Analysis offish tissue indicates that meHg i s accumulating in the large sport fish o f the system.
汞(Hg)是一种被广泛研究的水生生态系统污染物，但对其在大型水库，特别是亚热带和热带地区水库中的分布情况知之甚少。确定汞在水生生态系统中的空间分布对于了解其如何在系统中循环具有重要意义。大多数涉及空间成分的汞调查都是在更大的尺度上进行的(例如GILMOUR等人1998年，DAVIS等人2008年)或在北方和温带地区进行的(例如GoRSKI等人2003年)。阿米斯塔德国际水库是一个大型亚热带水库，位于美国德克萨斯州和墨西哥厄阿韦拉之间的边界(北纬29°27;101°03'W)，位于格兰德河/Río Bravo流域。在保护水平(340.5米a.s.l)，覆盖约263公里。水库是低营养的，具有高碱度和pH值，低溶解有机碳(DOe);IBWe 1997, TeEQ 2004)和低湿地面积(作者，论文。observ)。这些特征通常与生物群中汞含量升高无关。VANMETRE等人(1997)使用2个沉积物岩心发现，随着时间的推移，水库沉积物中总汞含量较低，但在不断增加(地表40-50 ppb)，并将这种增加的大部分与大气来源联系起来。盆地中唯一的天然汞源位于大弯地区上游约250公里处。这个地区被称为Terlingua矿区，在1973年矿山关闭之前是美国第三大汞矿区(GRAY et al. 2006)。我们对沉积物中总汞的变化进行了初步描述，并对该系统中总汞的运动进行了一些潜在的影响。迄今为止的结果表明，格兰德河(RG)支流的负荷较高，而魔鬼河(DR)支流的条件可能有利于无机汞向有机甲基汞(meHg)的转化。对鱼类组织的分析表明，甲基汞在该系统的大型运动鱼类中积累。
{"title":"Distribution of mercury in the sediments of Amistad International Reservoir, Texas, USA","authors":"Jesse C. Becker, A. Groeger","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902375","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a widely studied pollutant of great concern in aquatic ecosystems, yet we know little about its distribution in large reservoirs, especially those in subtropical and tropical regions. Determining the spatial distribution of Hg in aquatic ecosystems is important for understanding how it cycles through systems. Most of the Hg investigations involving a spatial component have been done on larger scales (e.g. GILMOUR et al. 1998, DAVIS et al. 2008) or in boreal and temperate regions (e.g. GoRSKI et al. 2003). Amistad International Reservoir is a large subtropical reservoir located on the border between Texas, United States, and eoahuila, Mexico (29°27'N; 101 °03'W), in the Rio Grande/Río Bravo drainage basin. At conservation level (340.5 m a.s.l.) it covers approximately 263 km• The reservoir is oligotrophic with high alkalinity and pH, low dissolved organic carbon (DOe; IBWe 1997, TeEQ 2004), and low wetland area (authors, pers. observ.). These characteristics are not usually linked to elevated Hg levels in biota. VANMETRE et al. (1997) found low but increasing levels of total Hg over time in the sediments o f the reservoir (40-50 ppb at the surface) using 2 sediment cores and linked much of this increase to atmospheric sources. The only native sources of Hg in the basin are approximately 250 km upstream in the Big Bend region. This area, known as the Terlingua Mining District, was the third largest Hg mining area in the United States until the mines were closed in 1973 (GRAY et al. 2006). We present a preliminary description of the variation in sediment total Hg and some potential influences on the movement o f this H g through the system. Results to date suggest higher loading to the Rio Grande (RG) arm of the reservoir, while the Devils River (DR) arm has conditions that may facilitate the transformation of inorganic Hg into organic methyl mercury (meHg). Analysis offish tissue indicates that meHg i s accumulating in the large sport fish o f the system.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115178390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902368
Chizuru Wada, K. Hayakawa, Tomoyo Suzuki, T. Kumagai, Yuko Sugiyama
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major portion of organic matter in the aquatic environment and operationally defined as the organic materials that pass through a filter with pore size 0.1-0.7 f.!m. DOM has various important roles in the environment. lt is one of the important carbon reservoirs in the global carbon cycle (HEDGES 1992), a main energy source of aquatic heterotrophic bacteria (AZAM et al. 1983), and it controls the attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in water (WILLIAMSON & ZAGARESE 1994). Recently, the solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface has increased due to anthropogenic diminishing of the ozone layer in the stratosphere (FARMAN et al. 1985). Solar ultraviolet radiation has harmful effects not only on terrestrial plants and animals but also on aquatic organisms (HoDOKI & WATANABE 1998). Recent studies have suggested that UV-B radiation (280-320 nm) alters the balance between the biological processes producing organic materials and chemical and microbial processes degrading them (ZEPP et al. 1998). Observations in aquatic ecosystems have shown that, in stratified waters, exposure of solar UV radiation promotes net decreases of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and results in increases o f UV-B penetration into the water colurnn (HADER et al. 1998). The distribution and characteristics of UV absorbing organic matter such as CDOM in aquatic environments must be known to understand its influence on the aquatic ecosystems; however, information about the chemical structure or origin of it is limited. In this study, our aim was to characterize UV-absorbing organic matter in Lake Biwa using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reverse phase octadecy silica column and investigate the mass distribution ofthe separated organic molecules using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
溶解有机质(DOM)是水生环境中有机质的主要组成部分，在操作上定义为通过孔径为0.1-0.7 f.!m的过滤器的有机物质。DOM在环境中扮演着各种重要的角色。它是全球碳循环中重要的碳库之一(HEDGES 1992)，是水生异养细菌的主要能量来源(AZAM et al. 1983)，它控制着水中紫外线辐射的衰减(WILLIAMSON & ZAGARESE 1994)。最近，由于平流层中臭氧层的人为减少，到达地球表面的太阳紫外线辐射增加了(FARMAN et al. 1985)。太阳紫外线辐射不仅对陆生植物和动物，而且对水生生物也有有害影响(HoDOKI & WATANABE 1998)。最近的研究表明，UV-B辐射(280-320 nm)改变了生产有机材料的生物过程与降解有机材料的化学和微生物过程之间的平衡(ZEPP等人，1998年)。水生生态系统的观测表明，在分层水域中，太阳紫外线辐射的暴露促进了显色性溶解有机物(CDOM)的净减少，并导致UV- b对水柱的渗透增加(HADER等人，1998年)。必须了解CDOM等吸收紫外线的有机物在水生环境中的分布和特征，以了解其对水生生态系统的影响;然而，关于它的化学结构和来源的信息是有限的。在本研究中，我们的目的是利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和反相八极性硅柱对琵琶湖中吸收紫外线的有机物进行表征，并利用电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)研究分离的有机分子的质量分布。
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Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902359
L. Oseguera, J. Alcocer, E. Escobar
The dynamies of seston fluxes has been assoeiated with phytoplankton blooms in marine and freshwater systems (VINERMozziNI et al. 2003). The fate of these blooms is erucial to the understanding of earbon flow, nutrient eycling and eeosystem funetions. As a eonsequenee, it is important to unravel the meehanisms of particle sedimentation as well as the quantity and quality of settling particles. Eeosystem proeesses are important determinants o f the biogeoehemistry o f the oeean that ean be profoundly affeeted by ehanges in elimate (LE QuÉRÉ et al. 2005). The different routes that the particles take in the aquatie eeosystem (transfer in food-web, respiration, sedimentation, and burial) will define the availability of earbon to organisms and the time of return of earbon moleeules in the earbon eycle. The transfer in the food web and its proeesses are important eontrols of aquatie biogenie earbon flux and water-atmosphere earbon dioxide exehange (LEGENDRE 1999). Rapid inereases in phytoplankton biomass have a high potential for exporting partieulate organie matter from the euphotie layer, providing important information for the study of global fluxes of earbon in the inland water systems; however, if a larger fraetion of assimilated earbon is respired at low than at high latitudes, a smaller proportion o f produetion ean be exported in tropieal regions. The explieit inelusion of eeosystem proeesses in models will permit eeologieal ehanges to be taken into aeeount, allow us to understand how the uptake o f C02 in inland water systems is likely to ehange in the future, and improve our understanding o f the loeal and regional climate systems. The main losses forbloom biomasses are grazing, deeomposition in the mixing layer, and sedimentation to the bottom of lakes (ZoHARY et al. 1998). The dominant size fraetion o f phytoplankton defines the principal transfer path ofbiogenie earbon in the eeosystem. When the small fraetion (<2 f..Lm) dominates, the main route will be nutrient reeycling through the mierobialloop in the euphotie zone. In eontrast, when the large fraetion (>2 f..Lm) dominates, new produetion will either be exported to the bottom o f the lake or eonsumed by herbivores and eventually exported as feeal pellets (LEGENDRE 1999). The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the vertieal and temporai variation ofseston fluxes inLake Alchiehiea to betterunderstand the earbon dynamies of a tropieal, oligotrophie lake where the large size fraetion ofphytoplankton dominates.
林分通量的动态与海洋和淡水系统中的浮游植物大量繁殖有关(VINERMozziNI等，2003年)。这些水华的命运对于理解碳流、养分循环和生态系统功能至关重要。因此，阐明颗粒沉降的机理以及沉降颗粒的数量和质量是非常重要的。生态系统过程是海洋生物地球化学的重要决定因素，海洋的生物地球化学会受到气候变化的深刻影响(LE QuÉRÉ et al. 2005)。颗粒在水生生态系统中的不同途径(在食物网中的转移、呼吸作用、沉积作用和埋藏作用)将决定有机物对碳的可利用性以及碳分子在碳循环中返回的时间。食物网中的转移及其过程是水生生物碳通量和水-大气二氧化碳交换的重要控制因素(LEGENDRE 1999)。浮游植物生物量的快速增加具有从正能量层输出颗粒有机质的巨大潜力，为研究内陆水系的全球碳通量提供了重要信息;但是，如果在低纬度地区比在高纬度地区呼吸更大比例的同化碳，则在热带地区输出的产量比例较小。模式中生态系统过程的明确包含将允许考虑生态变化，使我们能够了解内陆水系统对二氧化碳的吸收如何在未来可能发生变化，并提高我们对局部和区域气候系统的理解。开花生物量的主要损失是放牧、混合层的分解和沉积到湖底(ZoHARY et al. 1998)。浮游植物的优势大小比例决定了生态系统中生物碳的主要转移途径。当一小部分(2f .. m)占主导地位时，新的产品要么出口到湖底，要么被食草动物消耗，最终作为颗粒状颗粒出口(LEGENDRE 1999)。本研究的目的是评估阿尔奇希亚湖的垂直和时间变化，以更好地了解大尺度浮游植物占主导地位的热带、少营养湖泊的碳动态。
{"title":"Seston flux in a tropical saline lake","authors":"L. Oseguera, J. Alcocer, E. Escobar","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902359","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamies of seston fluxes has been assoeiated with phytoplankton blooms in marine and freshwater systems (VINERMozziNI et al. 2003). The fate of these blooms is erucial to the understanding of earbon flow, nutrient eycling and eeosystem funetions. As a eonsequenee, it is important to unravel the meehanisms of particle sedimentation as well as the quantity and quality of settling particles. Eeosystem proeesses are important determinants o f the biogeoehemistry o f the oeean that ean be profoundly affeeted by ehanges in elimate (LE QuÉRÉ et al. 2005). The different routes that the particles take in the aquatie eeosystem (transfer in food-web, respiration, sedimentation, and burial) will define the availability of earbon to organisms and the time of return of earbon moleeules in the earbon eycle. The transfer in the food web and its proeesses are important eontrols of aquatie biogenie earbon flux and water-atmosphere earbon dioxide exehange (LEGENDRE 1999). Rapid inereases in phytoplankton biomass have a high potential for exporting partieulate organie matter from the euphotie layer, providing important information for the study of global fluxes of earbon in the inland water systems; however, if a larger fraetion of assimilated earbon is respired at low than at high latitudes, a smaller proportion o f produetion ean be exported in tropieal regions. The explieit inelusion of eeosystem proeesses in models will permit eeologieal ehanges to be taken into aeeount, allow us to understand how the uptake o f C02 in inland water systems is likely to ehange in the future, and improve our understanding o f the loeal and regional climate systems. The main losses forbloom biomasses are grazing, deeomposition in the mixing layer, and sedimentation to the bottom of lakes (ZoHARY et al. 1998). The dominant size fraetion o f phytoplankton defines the principal transfer path ofbiogenie earbon in the eeosystem. When the small fraetion (<2 f..Lm) dominates, the main route will be nutrient reeycling through the mierobialloop in the euphotie zone. In eontrast, when the large fraetion (>2 f..Lm) dominates, new produetion will either be exported to the bottom o f the lake or eonsumed by herbivores and eventually exported as feeal pellets (LEGENDRE 1999). The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the vertieal and temporai variation ofseston fluxes inLake Alchiehiea to betterunderstand the earbon dynamies of a tropieal, oligotrophie lake where the large size fraetion ofphytoplankton dominates.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128064858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902373
Y. Prairie, P. D. del Giorgio, C. Roehm, A. Tremblay
Rivers are notorious1y variab1e. In contrast to 1akes where factors influencing the metabolic ba1ance of the ecosystem are fairly well constrained, rivers are typically more difficu1t to predict and genera1ize. In 1acustrine systems, the interp1ay between externa1 organic carbon 1oads and in-1ake metabo1ic processes (primary production, sediment accumu1ation, pe1agic and benthic respiration) is key to determining the net status of these systems, and simp1e ru1es app1y generally. For examp1e, in temperate and borea1 1akes, an upper thresho1d va1ue of5-6 mg L-1 DOC often constitutes the average concentration for net heterotrophic 1akes (HANSON et al. 2003). Surprising1y, this thresho1d is not very sensitive to the trophic status oflakes (PRAIRIE 2008). This dominance of respiration over primary production 1eads to co2 supersaturation and thus evasion to the atmosphere, a phenomenon observed in the majority of aquatic systems (COLE et al. 1994, DuARTE & PRAIRIE 2005).
河流是出了名的多变。在湖泊中，影响生态系统代谢平衡的因素受到相当好的约束，与之相反，河流通常更难预测和概括。在湖泊系统中，外部有机碳负荷与湖泊内代谢过程(初级生产、沉积物积累、海洋和底栖呼吸)之间的相互作用是决定这些系统净状态的关键，通常适用简单的规则。例如，在温带和北方湖泊中，5-6 mg L-1 DOC的上限值通常构成净异养湖泊的平均浓度(HANSON et al. 2003)。令人惊讶的是，这个阈值对玉米的营养状况并不十分敏感(PRAIRIE 2008)。这种对初级生产的主导作用导致二氧化碳过饱和，从而逃逸到大气中，这是在大多数水生系统中观察到的现象(COLE et al. 1994, DuARTE & PRAIRIE 2005)。
{"title":"Insights on riverine metabolism from continuous measurements of CDOM fluorescence in Eastmain-1 Reservoir, Quebec","authors":"Y. Prairie, P. D. del Giorgio, C. Roehm, A. Tremblay","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902373","url":null,"abstract":"Rivers are notorious1y variab1e. In contrast to 1akes where factors influencing the metabolic ba1ance of the ecosystem are fairly well constrained, rivers are typically more difficu1t to predict and genera1ize. In 1acustrine systems, the interp1ay between externa1 organic carbon 1oads and in-1ake metabo1ic processes (primary production, sediment accumu1ation, pe1agic and benthic respiration) is key to determining the net status of these systems, and simp1e ru1es app1y generally. For examp1e, in temperate and borea1 1akes, an upper thresho1d va1ue of5-6 mg L-1 DOC often constitutes the average concentration for net heterotrophic 1akes (HANSON et al. 2003). Surprising1y, this thresho1d is not very sensitive to the trophic status oflakes (PRAIRIE 2008). This dominance of respiration over primary production 1eads to co2 supersaturation and thus evasion to the atmosphere, a phenomenon observed in the majority of aquatic systems (COLE et al. 1994, DuARTE & PRAIRIE 2005).","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131333779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902378
V. Cartier, C. Claret, A. Cazaubon, E. Franquet
Coastallagoons are defined as open masses ofbrackish water isolated (or semi-isolated) from the sea by sand har, but receiving sea waters. They are characterised by a large environmental variability on spatial and temporal scales. Larvae o f Chironomidae are often numero us in brackish waters such as coastal lagoons; sometimes the adults can create swarms. The larvae usually have a clustered behaviour (ScHMID 1993), and their spatial distribution has to be considered at different scales and according to environmental variables. The chironomid distribution is usually linked to habitat characteristics like substratum or food avalibility, both in lotic and lentic habitats (ScHMID 1993, FRANQUET 1999, LüBINSKE et al. 2002, Vos et al. 2002). For the organisms living in soft sediments with high organic matter content, the oxygen concentration sould be considered (INTPANIS et al. 1996). Our aim was to provide an accurate knowledge of the larval spatial distribution in a French coastallagoon, related to environmental parameters.
海岸泻湖被定义为被沙坝与海洋隔离(或半隔离)的开放咸淡水块，但接收海水。它们的特点是在空间和时间尺度上具有很大的环境变异性。摇尾蝇科的幼虫在咸淡水如沿海泻湖中常常是大量的;有时，成虫会成群结队。幼虫通常有群集行为(ScHMID 1993)，它们的空间分布必须根据不同尺度和环境变量来考虑。在地理和生境中，拟虫的分布通常与生境特征有关，如基质或食物可利用性(ScHMID 1993, FRANQUET 1999, l binske et al. 2002, Vos et al. 2002)。对于生活在有机质含量较高的软沉积物中的生物，应考虑氧浓度(INTPANIS et al. 1996)。我们的目的是提供与环境参数相关的法国沿海潟湖幼虫空间分布的准确知识。
{"title":"Spatial distribution of Chironomus salinarius Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) in brackish water in Mediterranean area: First results","authors":"V. Cartier, C. Claret, A. Cazaubon, E. Franquet","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902378","url":null,"abstract":"Coastallagoons are defined as open masses ofbrackish water isolated (or semi-isolated) from the sea by sand har, but receiving sea waters. They are characterised by a large environmental variability on spatial and temporal scales. Larvae o f Chironomidae are often numero us in brackish waters such as coastal lagoons; sometimes the adults can create swarms. The larvae usually have a clustered behaviour (ScHMID 1993), and their spatial distribution has to be considered at different scales and according to environmental variables. The chironomid distribution is usually linked to habitat characteristics like substratum or food avalibility, both in lotic and lentic habitats (ScHMID 1993, FRANQUET 1999, LüBINSKE et al. 2002, Vos et al. 2002). For the organisms living in soft sediments with high organic matter content, the oxygen concentration sould be considered (INTPANIS et al. 1996). Our aim was to provide an accurate knowledge of the larval spatial distribution in a French coastallagoon, related to environmental parameters.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133345081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902381
M. Taniguchi, H. Ii, T. Hirata
A social experimental test to reduce the amount of organic pollutant from households was performed along the Yamato River in Japan. The river is polluted with organic compounds in sewage and has the highest biological oxygen demand (BOD) of all rivers managed by Japanese government. Because of this, the government carried out a cleaning campaign to improve the water quality in the Yamato River between 1985 and 2005 by constructing river purification facilities and sewerage systems. We evaluated these efforts of the sewage systems and the river water cleaning campaign by measuring the change in the amount o f nitrogen compounds and by pollutant load analysis.
{"title":"Analysis of organic nitrogen compound in domestic sewage in Yamato River using a social experimental test","authors":"M. Taniguchi, H. Ii, T. Hirata","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902381","url":null,"abstract":"A social experimental test to reduce the amount of organic pollutant from households was performed along the Yamato River in Japan. The river is polluted with organic compounds in sewage and has the highest biological oxygen demand (BOD) of all rivers managed by Japanese government. Because of this, the government carried out a cleaning campaign to improve the water quality in the Yamato River between 1985 and 2005 by constructing river purification facilities and sewerage systems. We evaluated these efforts of the sewage systems and the river water cleaning campaign by measuring the change in the amount o f nitrogen compounds and by pollutant load analysis.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133886505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902392
B. Maiolini, L. Silveri
(2010). EPT species distribution in 108 Alpine springs in Trentino (Italy) SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 1639-1642.
(2010)。生态学报，1992 -2010,Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 1639-1642。
{"title":"EPT species distribution in 108 Alpine springs in Trentino (Italy)","authors":"B. Maiolini, L. Silveri","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902392","url":null,"abstract":"(2010). EPT species distribution in 108 Alpine springs in Trentino (Italy) SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 1639-1642.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133982955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902370
W. M. Silva, K. Roche, O. Rocha
Zooplankton communities of hyposaline Pantanal lakes in Brazil W. M. Silva, K. F. Roche and O. Rocha Although the oeeurrenee ofhyposaline lakes is relatively rare in South Ameriea (ECHANIZ et al. 2006), they oeeur among the many lakes in the Nheeolandia region o f the Pantanal wetland. These water bodies have high eation eoneentrations, prineipally sodium and potassium, anions that include biearbonates, and they laek maerophytes and fish. Studies on the biotie eommunities of these lakes are searee; the diversity of the zooplankton has been found to be low when eompared with freshwater lakes (MÉDINA-JÚNIOR & RIETZLER 2005). We analyzed the zooplankton populations in 2 ofthese lakes; sampling was earried out in February 2005, at the en d o f the rainy season. Both lakes had high eonduetivities (mean values of 776 and 2659 JlS em-), high nutrient eoneentrations (mean values of590 and 999jlgP.L-), high ehlorophyll a eoneentrations (mean values of 55 and 52 jlg.L-), and high pH values (mean values of 9.2 and 9.5). The most abundant taxa reeorded were the eyclopoid Metacyclops mendocinus and rotifers Brachionus angularis and B. dimidiatus inermis, also found by GREEN & MENGESTOU (1991) in Afriean saline lakes. Up to 2300 ind.L-1 of B. angularis were found in the lake o f lower eonduetivity. Analyses of diurnal, seasonal, and inter-annual pattems o f ehange in the limnologieal eharaeteristies and plankton eommunities are ongoing, with the eventual aim of understanding the strueture and funetioning of these poorly studied systems.
W. M. Silva, K. f . Roche和o . Rocha虽然低盐湖泊的浮游动物群落在南美洲相对罕见(ECHANIZ et al. 2006)，但它们在潘塔纳尔湿地的Nheeolandia地区的许多湖泊中都存在。这些水体有高浓度的离子，主要是钠和钾，阴离子包括碳酸氢盐，它们有毛生植物和鱼类。湖泊生物群落研究进展缓慢;与淡水湖相比，浮游动物的多样性较低(MÉDINA-JÚNIOR & RIETZLER 2005)。我们分析了其中两个湖泊的浮游动物种群;2005年2月，在雨季结束时开始采样。两个湖泊具有高活度(平均值分别为776和2659 jlgs em-)、高营养物浓度(平均值分别为590和999jlgs . l -)、高叶绿素浓度(平均值分别为55和52 jlgs . l -)和高pH值(平均值分别为9.2和9.5)。GREEN & MENGESTOU(1991)在非洲盐湖中也发现了数量最多的类群为眼轮虫Metacyclops mendocinus和轮虫Brachionus angularis和B. dimidiatus inermis。在该湖泊中发现了多达2300种的角藻，其繁殖能力较低。对湖泊特征和浮游生物群落的日、季、年际变化模式的分析正在进行中，最终目的是了解这些研究较少的系统的结构和功能。
{"title":"Abstract: Zooplankton communities of hyposaline Pantanal lakes in Brazil","authors":"W. M. Silva, K. Roche, O. Rocha","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902370","url":null,"abstract":"Zooplankton communities of hyposaline Pantanal lakes in Brazil W. M. Silva, K. F. Roche and O. Rocha Although the oeeurrenee ofhyposaline lakes is relatively rare in South Ameriea (ECHANIZ et al. 2006), they oeeur among the many lakes in the Nheeolandia region o f the Pantanal wetland. These water bodies have high eation eoneentrations, prineipally sodium and potassium, anions that include biearbonates, and they laek maerophytes and fish. Studies on the biotie eommunities of these lakes are searee; the diversity of the zooplankton has been found to be low when eompared with freshwater lakes (MÉDINA-JÚNIOR & RIETZLER 2005). We analyzed the zooplankton populations in 2 ofthese lakes; sampling was earried out in February 2005, at the en d o f the rainy season. Both lakes had high eonduetivities (mean values of 776 and 2659 JlS em-), high nutrient eoneentrations (mean values of590 and 999jlgP.L-), high ehlorophyll a eoneentrations (mean values of 55 and 52 jlg.L-), and high pH values (mean values of 9.2 and 9.5). The most abundant taxa reeorded were the eyclopoid Metacyclops mendocinus and rotifers Brachionus angularis and B. dimidiatus inermis, also found by GREEN & MENGESTOU (1991) in Afriean saline lakes. Up to 2300 ind.L-1 of B. angularis were found in the lake o f lower eonduetivity. Analyses of diurnal, seasonal, and inter-annual pattems o f ehange in the limnologieal eharaeteristies and plankton eommunities are ongoing, with the eventual aim of understanding the strueture and funetioning of these poorly studied systems.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114755207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902376
K. Lohman, John R. Jones
Stream water quality is strongly influenced by nutrient enrichment from both diffuse and point sources (JARVIE et al. 2006). Initial regulatory efforts in the United States to improve water quality largely focused on point sources because they are more easily identified and controlled than diffuse sources. In many locations nutrient enrichment from municipal point sources has been substantially reduced. Nutrient removal is expensive, however, and few small wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) include tertiary treatment to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. Nutrients from WWTP are an important component o f the overallload received by many streams. Diffuse sources can also deliver large nutrient loads to streams (CARPENTER et al. 1998, PERKINS et al. 1998). In rural areas, the impact of agriculturalland use can far exceed that ofpoint sources (CLESCERI et al. 1986), and where agriculture is widespread the consequential effects of nutrient enrichment may be evident across entire river basins. In contrast, point source impacts may be localized but also more intense, and the impairment caused by high nutrient concentrations in stream reaches directly below WWTP can be severe (HAGGARD et al. 2001, MARTI et al. 2004). Our objective was to determine the impact of WWTP effiuent on 3 small Missouri streams by measuring how far downstream nutrient concentrations remained elevated above background levels attributable to diffuse input from agricultural and forested watersheds.
河流水质受到扩散源和点源营养物富集的强烈影响(JARVIE et al. 2006)。美国最初改善水质的监管努力主要集中在点源上，因为点源比分散源更容易识别和控制。在许多地方，市政点源的营养物富集已大大减少。然而，去除营养物是昂贵的，很少有小型污水处理厂(WWTP)包括三级处理来去除氮和磷。来自污水处理厂的营养物质是许多河流接收的总负荷的重要组成部分。扩散源也可以向河流输送大量的养分负荷(CARPENTER et al. 1998, PERKINS et al. 1998)。在农村地区，农业用地的影响远远超过点源的影响(CLESCERI et al. 1986)，在农业广泛分布的地方，养分富集的后果可能在整个流域都很明显。相比之下，点源影响可能是局部的，但也可能更强烈，而污水处理厂正下方河流中高营养物浓度造成的损害可能很严重(HAGGARD et al. 2001, MARTI et al. 2004)。我们的目标是通过测量由于农业和森林流域的扩散输入而导致的下游营养物质浓度高于背景水平的程度，来确定污水处理厂对密苏里州3条小河流的影响。
{"title":"Longitudinal patterns in nutrient chemistry and algal chlorophyll below point sources in three northern Ozark streams","authors":"K. Lohman, John R. Jones","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902376","url":null,"abstract":"Stream water quality is strongly influenced by nutrient enrichment from both diffuse and point sources (JARVIE et al. 2006). Initial regulatory efforts in the United States to improve water quality largely focused on point sources because they are more easily identified and controlled than diffuse sources. In many locations nutrient enrichment from municipal point sources has been substantially reduced. Nutrient removal is expensive, however, and few small wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) include tertiary treatment to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. Nutrients from WWTP are an important component o f the overallload received by many streams. Diffuse sources can also deliver large nutrient loads to streams (CARPENTER et al. 1998, PERKINS et al. 1998). In rural areas, the impact of agriculturalland use can far exceed that ofpoint sources (CLESCERI et al. 1986), and where agriculture is widespread the consequential effects of nutrient enrichment may be evident across entire river basins. In contrast, point source impacts may be localized but also more intense, and the impairment caused by high nutrient concentrations in stream reaches directly below WWTP can be severe (HAGGARD et al. 2001, MARTI et al. 2004). Our objective was to determine the impact of WWTP effiuent on 3 small Missouri streams by measuring how far downstream nutrient concentrations remained elevated above background levels attributable to diffuse input from agricultural and forested watersheds.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126013201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03680770.2009.11902382
M. Bruno, B. Maiolini, M. Carolli, L. Silveri
In the last decade a strong scientific base has recognized that the pattems of temporal variation in river flows are the driving forces in structuring the function of riverine ecosystems (the "natural flow-regime paradigm"; PoFF et al. 1997). We analyzed the changes in flow regime of the river Adige, the second longest Italian river, which is strongly affected by the operation of 30 hydropower-producing reservoirs in its watershed. We used different temporal scales: (l) mean daily discharge data, recorded from 1923 to 2006, were used to evaluate alterations in the components o f the natural flow regime due to hydropower plants construction and operation; (2) the same data were analysed on a shorter timeframe (19972006) to identify the effects of changes in seasonal electricity demand and hydroelectric power plant management; and (3) the spatial and temporal effects of a single hydropeaking wave on benthic communities were assessed at sites in the first 8 km downstream o f a hydropower plant. We assessed the extent of catastrophic drift of invertebrates (CULP et al. 1985; i.e., generated by any disturbance) induced by a sharp rise in discharge and the ability of the different taxa to avoid the washout effect.
在过去十年中，一个强有力的科学基础已经认识到，河流流量的时间变化模式是构建河流生态系统功能的驱动力(“自然流量模式”;PoFF et al. 1997)。我们分析了意大利第二大河阿迪杰河的流量变化，阿迪杰河受其流域内30个水力发电水库运行的强烈影响。我们采用了不同的时间尺度:(1)利用1923年至2006年的平均日流量数据来评估水电站建设和运行对自然流态组成的影响;(2)在较短的时间内(1997 - 2006年)分析相同的数据，以确定季节性电力需求和水力发电厂管理变化的影响;(3)在水电站下游8 km范围内评价了单次峰波对底栖生物群落的时空影响。我们评估了无脊椎动物灾难性漂移的程度(CULP et al. 1985;(即由任何干扰产生的)由放电急剧上升引起的以及不同分类群避免冲刷效应的能力。
{"title":"Hydropower effects at different temporal scales in an Alpine river","authors":"M. Bruno, B. Maiolini, M. Carolli, L. Silveri","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2009.11902382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2009.11902382","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade a strong scientific base has recognized that the pattems of temporal variation in river flows are the driving forces in structuring the function of riverine ecosystems (the \"natural flow-regime paradigm\"; PoFF et al. 1997). We analyzed the changes in flow regime of the river Adige, the second longest Italian river, which is strongly affected by the operation of 30 hydropower-producing reservoirs in its watershed. We used different temporal scales: (l) mean daily discharge data, recorded from 1923 to 2006, were used to evaluate alterations in the components o f the natural flow regime due to hydropower plants construction and operation; (2) the same data were analysed on a shorter timeframe (19972006) to identify the effects of changes in seasonal electricity demand and hydroelectric power plant management; and (3) the spatial and temporal effects of a single hydropeaking wave on benthic communities were assessed at sites in the first 8 km downstream o f a hydropower plant. We assessed the extent of catastrophic drift of invertebrates (CULP et al. 1985; i.e., generated by any disturbance) induced by a sharp rise in discharge and the ability of the different taxa to avoid the washout effect.","PeriodicalId":404196,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124949002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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