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Teaching Speaking Skill to Non-Arabic in the Natural Environment, Department of Language and Culture, Faculty of Linguistics King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Ta’lim Maharotul Kalam Lii Ghoiri al-Arobiyah fiil Biiati at-Thobi’iyyah Q 在自然环境中教授非阿拉伯语的口语技巧,沙特阿拉伯王国利雅得,沙特国王大学语言与文化学系,Ta 'lim Maharotul Kalam Lii Ghoiri al-Arobiyah fil Biiati at-Thobi 'iyyah Q
Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v2i1.1977
M. Yaqin, Nailul Izzah
The environment has an important role to play in speech education and if the environment has a strong influence in the consolidation of religions in human beings, particularly its impact on human linguistic behaviour, there are no two strong and obvious influences on the composition of the human language. It is well known that the language environment is a means of promoting and developing language activity, in addition to the fact that the formation of the language environment leads to the development of the language and its acquisition by students in order to have material and non-material factors in the language education process and therefore encourages students to apply in the daily. This research aims to: (1) describe the planning of speech skills education for non-Arabic speakers in the natural environment (2) and implement speech skills education in the natural environment. This qualitative research was used for observation, interview and documentation. The data were then analysed using the analytical theory of Myles and Heberman in a way that intensified the data, presented and inferred from it. The researcher used data validation to triangulate and discuss mates. The results of the research are: (1) planning in the natural environment, a) curriculum, b) levels, c) design of the education plan, d) the book of education, e) educational means. Planning in the artificial environment student organization, a) design of the school education plan, b) curriculum 2013, c) efficiency coverage, d) textbook, e) educational methods used. (2) The implementation of speech education in the natural environment is the use of the natural method, the method of dialogue and debate, the oral audio method and the direct method of all different levels in the processes of the methods used, The implementation of speech education in the artificial environment, two factors are carried out within the classroom and outside the classroom. As a result of this research, the process of teaching speech skills in the natural environment also has a high level of education management and implementation, and has no far difference from the artificial environment in Indonesia.  
环境在语言教育中发挥着重要的作用,如果环境对人类宗教的巩固有很强的影响,特别是对人类语言行为的影响,那么对人类语言的构成就没有两种强烈而明显的影响。众所周知,语言环境是促进和发展语言活动的手段,此外,语言环境的形成导致语言的发展和学生的习得,从而在语言教育过程中具有物质和非物质因素,从而鼓励学生在日常生活中应用。本研究旨在:(1)描述非阿拉伯语使用者在自然环境中的言语技能教育规划(2)在自然环境中实施言语技能教育。本定性研究采用观察法、访谈法和文献法。然后使用迈尔斯和赫伯曼的分析理论对数据进行分析,以一种强化数据、呈现数据并从中推断数据的方式。研究人员使用数据验证来三角测量和讨论配偶。研究结果有:(1)自然环境规划;(a)课程;(b)层次;(c)教育计划设计;(d)教育之书;(e)教育手段。规划在人工环境下的学生组织,a)学校教育计划的设计,b)课程2013,c)效率覆盖,d)教材,e)教育方法的使用。(2)在自然环境下实施言语教育是利用自然法、对话辩论法、口语音频法和直接法等不同层次的方法在过程中所采用的方法;在人工环境下实施言语教育,是在课堂内和课堂外两种因素下进行的。本研究结果表明,自然环境下的演讲技能教学过程也具有较高的教育管理和实施水平,与印尼的人工环境相差不大。
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引用次数: 1
Improving the Memorization of Arabic Vocabulary for Santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Qur’an Mojokerto City Through Book Design "المفردات واستخدامها الجمل " with Writing Techniques and Making Sentences|Peningkatan Hafalan Kosakata Bahasa Arab Santri Pondok Pe
Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v2i1.2143
N. Ummah, Nurul Azizah Ria Kusrini
This research has a background to determine the extent to which the use of the book "al mufrodat wa Istikhdamuha fii al Jumal" in the Darul Quran Islamic boarding school in Mojokerto City in improving the mastery of memorizing Arabic vocabulary. By utilizing this book in the learning process, it is hoped that it can provide different motivation and innovation for students in mastering memorizing Arabic vocabulary orally and in writing in an easier and more thorough manner. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research data was obtained by observation, where the researcher functions as an instrument to carry out continuous observations, document studies and in-depth interviews. The validity of the data is done by triangulation of sources. Meanwhile, for data analysis using interactive model analysis, namely by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study describe the design of the book المفرداتو استخدامها في الجمل which is very helpful for vocabulary mastery, if students are asked to write the words they have just learned when the meanings of the words are still fresh in students' minds. Students write vocabulary. The last stage of the vocabulary teaching activity is to use the new words in a perfect sentence according to the guidelines from the book orally and in writing. Exercises like this really help to strengthen vocabulary understanding and accelerate the improvement of students' vocabulary memorization.
本研究有一个背景,以确定在Mojokerto市的Darul可兰经伊斯兰寄宿学校中使用“al mufrodat wa Istikhdamuha fii al Jumal”这本书在多大程度上提高了对阿拉伯语词汇的掌握。通过在学习过程中运用这本书,希望能够为学生提供不同的动力和创新,使学生更容易、更彻底地掌握和记忆阿拉伯语词汇。本研究为定性描述性研究。研究数据通过观察获得,研究者作为工具进行连续观察、文献研究和深度访谈。数据的有效性是通过对数据源进行三角测量来确定的。同时,对数据的分析采用交互式模型分析,即通过数据的减少、数据的呈现、得出结论。本研究的结果描述了这本书المفرداتو استخدامها في الجمل的设计,这对词汇掌握非常有帮助,如果学生在单词的意思还很新鲜的时候,要求他们写下他们刚学过的单词。学生写词汇。词汇教学活动的最后一个阶段是根据书上的指导将新单词用在一个完整的句子中,口头和书面表达。这样的练习确实有助于加强词汇理解,加速学生词汇记忆的提高。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Stopmotion Video Animation Media in Qawa'Id Learning for Class XI Madrasah 'Aliyah Students | Pengembangan Media Animasi Stopmotion Video dalam Pembelajaran Qawa’Id pada Siswa Kelas XI Madrasah ‘Aliyah
Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v2i1.1670
Djian Ariska, Ninik Indrawati, Ammar Zainuddin
This research is motivated by various problems and obstacles in the qawā'id learning this is also because teachers do not innovate in using learning media in delivering qawā'id. With this, the researcher developed audiovisual media in the form of stopmotion video animation for learning Arabic qawā'id, with the stopmotion video animation media containing moving writing along with explanations and examples of qawā'id material which was able to make students get a real picture of the application of Arabic rules.The type of research used Research and Development (R&D) using a modified Borg and Gall development model.  From the results of the analysis, the average assessment of media experts and stopmotion animation learning media materials is 70.5% and is declared "valid" and suitable for use as qawā'id learning media.
本研究的动机是由于卡瓦伊德学习中存在的各种问题和障碍,以及教师在使用学习媒体进行卡瓦伊德教学方面缺乏创新。因此,研究者开发了一种定格动画形式的视听媒体来学习阿拉伯语qawwa 'id,定格动画媒体包含了移动的文字以及qawwa 'id材料的解释和例子,可以让学生对阿拉伯规则的应用有一个真实的了解。研究类型使用研究与开发(R&D)使用改进的博格和加尔开发模型。从分析结果来看,媒体专家和定格动画学习媒体材料的平均评价为70.5%,为“有效”,适合作为qawi学习媒体使用。
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引用次数: 3
The Complexity of Arabic Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic at MIN 1 Yogyakarta | Kompleksitas Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di MIN 1 Yogyakarta (Masalah, Kurikulum, Keterlibatan Orang Tua)
Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v1i2.1663
Mustolikh Khabibul Umam, Rifka Khoirun Nada
The realization of Arabic language learning that is generally done face-to-face today must be done online. Not without reason, we realize how the pandemic that began to spread massively led the policy authorities to stop any kind of movement identified with mass social activities. Learning in all institutions from RA/TK level to university level should be discontinued and replaced with online-based learning through internet assistance. This research is categorized as qualitative research and uses data collection techniques in the form of interviews, documentation and analyzed with descriptive analysis strategies.  This study is intended to investigate how educational institutions, especially mi education level prepare the arabic learning model applied, researchers want to uncover how the learning steps used by teachers in online-based Arabic learning, student problems during the online learning process and obstacles faced by teachers when the government requires learning to be done online. This research has a purpose direction as a response to the policyholders in overcoming the obstacles of online learning in schools, especially in MIN 1 Yogyakarta. The results obtained in this study are problems faced by educators and students relative to the internal problems of each individual. Educators need to delve deeper into the knowledge of the technology used when learning online, disarming that learners must also focus more on online learning so that the lessons delivered by educators can be absorbed properly. The role of parents is also quite significant in directing and monitoring their children during online learning activities. In addition, the curriculum released by the government in the face of the emergency situation of covid-19 has been quite effective, but in its implementation still requires monitoring and evaluation from policy makers as the initiator of the emergency curriculum.
阿拉伯语学习的实现通常是面对面的,今天必须在网上完成。我们认识到,开始大规模传播的大流行病如何导致政策当局停止任何被视为群众性社会活动的运动,这并非没有道理。从RA/TK级别到大学级别的所有机构的学习都应该停止,取而代之的是通过互联网辅助进行的在线学习。本研究被归类为定性研究,并以访谈,文件和描述性分析策略的形式使用数据收集技术。本研究旨在探讨教育机构,特别是mi教育水平如何准备阿拉伯语学习模式的应用,研究人员希望揭示教师在在线阿拉伯语学习中使用的学习步骤,学生在在线学习过程中遇到的问题以及教师在政府要求在线学习时面临的障碍。本研究的目的方向是回应保单持有人克服学校在线学习的障碍,特别是在日惹min1。本研究的结果是相对于每个个体的内在问题,教育者和学生所面临的问题。教育工作者需要更深入地研究在线学习时使用的技术知识,让学习者意识到,他们也必须更多地关注在线学习,这样教育者讲授的课程才能被正确吸收。家长在指导和监督孩子在线学习活动中的作用也相当重要。此外,面对新冠肺炎紧急情况,政府发布的课程已经相当有效,但在实施过程中仍需要作为应急课程发起者的决策者进行监测和评估。
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引用次数: 4
Observational Instruments in the Arab Scientific Heritage Perspective Ismail ibn Heba Allah al-Hamawi | Al Alät Al Rosydiyyah fi At Thurost Al ‘Ilm Al ‘Aroby ‘Indä Ismäil ibn Hebä Allah al-Hämäwi
Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v1i2.1580
Elkhayati Rifai
The article is an edited and critical study of an unpublished astronomical text entitled "The Astronomical Instrument Known as The Two-Pronged Machine" of a Damascene astronomer from the thirteenth century AD, Ismail ibn Heba Allah al-Hamawi. ancient scientific texts on this instrument are written by al-Kindi then Ibn Abbad and al-Nayrizi. Al-Kindi's text is the only text published from ancient texts, and today we present to researchers in the development of astronomical instruments a new text to contribute to enriching our knowledge of the scientific tradition of astronomical instruments in Islamic civilization.
这篇文章是对13世纪大马士革天文学家Ismail ibn Heba Allah al-Hamawi的一篇未发表的天文学文本《被称为双管齐下机器的天文仪器》的编辑和批判性研究。关于这个仪器的古代科学文献是由al-Kindi,然后是Ibn Abbad和al-Nayrizi写的。Al-Kindi的文本是唯一从古代文本中出版的文本,今天我们向研究天文仪器发展的研究人员展示了一个新的文本,以丰富我们对伊斯兰文明中天文仪器的科学传统的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Language Style in Poetry Mahmud Sami Basha al–Barudi (A Stylistic Analysis) | Gaya Bahasa dalam Puisi Mahmud Sami Basha al–Barudi (Suatu Analisis Stilistik)
Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v1i2.1352
Zughrofiyatun Najah, U. Hijriyah, Ahmad Nur Mizan, Dian Risky Amalia
This study aims to examine the language style (al–uslub) used by al- Barudi in his poetry with the theme of life descriptions by describing the main idea or theme, elements of feeling or emotion, and language style based on aspects of diction or choice of words, syntax or sentence structure and rhetorical aspect or meaning. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical literature study by referring to Al-Barudi's poetry text as the primary source. The data analysis method used is content analysis (tahlil al–madmun).  The author uses a stylistic approach in examining and analyzing the language styles used by the poets in this poem. In examining this poem, the writer will use the stylistic theory proposed by Gorys Keraf related to the classification of types of diction, language style based on syntactic aspects, and rhetorical aspects or meaning. This poetry has the theme of "life description" with a choice of words that still maintain aesthetic values supported by a very strong language style or (al–uslub). The language style contained in the poem is very strong and appropriate with the characteristics of the neoclassical genre of poetry pioneered by al-Barudi at that time, although free, but still strongly adheres to wazan and qafiyah. Seen from the aspect of diction, the words chosen by the poet in sya'ir are quite easy to understand in a popular style. Then from the aspect of sentence structure or syntax, this poem has a climax style. The language styles based on the meaning contained in this poem are hyperbole, simile, pleonasm, apostrophe, ellipsis, assonance, erotesis, and euphemism.
本研究旨在从用词或用词、句法或句子结构、修辞方面或意义等方面对巴鲁迪以生活描写为主题的诗歌的主要思想或主题、感觉或情感要素和语言风格进行描述,以考察巴鲁迪在其诗歌中所使用的语言风格。本研究以巴鲁迪诗歌文本为主要资料来源,采用定性研究和描述性分析文献研究相结合的方法。使用的数据分析方法是内容分析(tahlil al-madmun)。作者运用文体学的方法来考察和分析这首诗中诗人使用的语言风格。在研究这首诗时,作者将使用Gorys Keraf提出的文体理论,该理论涉及措辞类型的分类,基于句法方面的语言风格,以及修辞方面或意义。这首诗以“生活描写”为主题,选用的词语仍然保持着审美价值,语言风格非常强烈。诗中包含的语言风格非常强烈和恰当,具有当时al-Barudi开创的新古典主义诗歌体裁的特征,虽然自由,但仍然强烈坚持wazan和qafiyah。从措辞上看,诗人在叙尔语中选用的词语通俗易懂。从句式或句法上看,这首诗具有高潮风格。基于这首诗所包含的意义的语言风格是夸张、明喻、叠喻、撇号、省略、谐音、情色和委婉语。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis of Arabic Language Textbooks for Madrasah Aliyah Class XI Based on the 2013 Curriculum | Analisis Buku Ajar Bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah Kelas XI Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013
Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v1i2.1480
Laila Faoziyah, Nailul Izzah
The issue raised in this research is about the material content of the Arabic language textbook Madarasah Aliyah Class XI published by the Ministry of Religion. This study aims to analyze the Arabic language textbooks for Madrasah Aliyah Class XI based on the 2013 curriculum. This research is a qualitative research with a literature study method. Data collection is done by documentation technique and data analysis that the writer uses is content analysis. While the 2013 Curriculum is a theory that is used as a medium to analyze qira'ah about Amal al-Murahiqin. The results of the study indicate that the Islamic Madarasah Aliyah Class XI Arabic Textbook published by the Ministry of Religion is in accordance with the 2013 curriculum. This can be seen from the material and pictures contained in it are in accordance with core competencies and basic competencies. In addition, the qira'ah material on Amal al-Murahiqin has included the values ​​of spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, knowledge, and skills taught in learning.
本研究旨在以2013年课程为基础,分析阿利亚伊斯兰学校十一期的阿拉伯语教材。本研究采用文献研究法进行定性研究。数据收集是通过文献技术和数据分析来完成的,作者使用的是内容分析。而2013年的课程则是一种理论,被用作分析阿迈勒·穆拉希琴的qira'ah的媒介。研究结果表明,由宗教部出版的伊斯兰宗教学院第11课阿拉伯语教科书与2013年课程是一致的。这可以从它所包含的材料和图片中看出,是按照核心能力和基本能力来划分的。此外,关于Amal al-Murahiqin的qira'ah材料还包括精神态度、社会态度、知识和学习技能的价值观。
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引用次数: 7
Analysis of Tarkib Idhofi in the Qur’an Surah Annisa’ (Learning Nahwiyah) | Analisis Tarkib Idhofi dalam al-Qur’an Surat Annisa’ (Pembelajaran Nahwiyah)
Pub Date : 2021-06-19 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v1i2.1481
Fatkhur Roji, M. Syaifullah, Mohammad Izdiyan Muttaqin
Surah Annisa’ is very popular and is often used as material for preaching and determining the study of women, but often researchers find errors in the interpretation and understanding of conveying the verses in the Annisa’ letter, these errors are found in understanding the verses that contain tarkib idhofy, which should be destined في , conveying to be ل, the purpose of this study is to minimize misunderstanding and provide insight into the study of tarkib idhofy. This study uses a research library research design, the data in this study is the Idhofy tag which is contained in Annisa's letter. The results of the study stated that those who have tarkib idhofy in Annisa verses 1 to 25, have tarkib idhofy, the verses are in verses 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20, 23, 24, and 25. And from the results of the semantic analysis, it is stated that the meaning of min (من) has 8 lafadz, while those that have the meaning fii (في) are 4 lafadz, and those which have the meaning of ownership (ل) are 13 lafadz.
苏拉Annisa '是非常受欢迎的,经常被用作说教和确定妇女研究的材料,但研究人员经常发现错误的解释和理解传达经文在Annisa ' letter,这些错误是在理解包含tarkib idhofy的经文中发现的,这应该是في,传达的目的是:本研究的目的是尽量减少误解,并提供洞察tarkib idhofy的研究。本研究采用研究型图书馆的研究设计,本研究的数据为Idhofy标签,该标签包含在Annisa的信中。研究结果表明,那些在安尼撒书第1到25节中有“tarkib”的人,有“tarkib”,这些经文在第1、2、4、6、7、9、10、11、12、13、15、16、20、23、24和25节中。从语义分析的结果来看,min (من)的意义有8个lafadz, fii (في)的意义有4个lafadz,而所有权(في)的意义有13个lafadz。
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引用次数: 1
The Strategy of Arabic Learning for Inclusion Students in Islamic Primay School of Islamiyah Wathoniyah Jombang | Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Bagi Siswa Inklusi di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Islamiyah Wathoniyah Jombang
Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.25217/mantiqutayr.v1i2.1567
M. Y. Ashari, Rif'atul Mahfudhoh
This study pays close attention to explain the implemantation of inclusive education especially in using the strategies and its problems of learning process. The aims of this study are determinating of the learning objectives, strategy of arabic learning and the learning problems in arabic teaching for inclusion students in islamic primay school of Islamiyah Wathoniyah Jombang. This study uses the qualitative descriptive approach, it uses interviews, observation and documentation for collecting data. This study uses the method of data analisys by implementing the steps of Miles and Hubberman such as data colletion, data shorting, data display and conclusion. The results of this study are: 1) the subjects of arabic learning determinated to two subjects, they are the subjects of usual learning and the subjects of inclusive learning. 2) the arabic learning uses the strategy of contextual teaching and learning and the strategy of cooperative learning by applying language games and pictures. 3) the learning problems in arabic teaching are: (1) less effective of the time for arabic additional lessons outside of the official learning to increase the understanding of inclusion students, (2) the different varies of inclusion students caracteristicts, (3) the less communication and partipication of inclusion students parent.
本研究着重解释全纳教育的实施,特别是在使用策略和学习过程中存在的问题。本研究的目的是确定伊斯兰教小学包容学生在阿拉伯语教学中的学习目标、学习策略和学习问题。本研究采用定性描述方法,采用访谈法、观察法和文献法收集数据。本研究采用数据分析的方法,执行Miles和Hubberman的数据收集、数据短化、数据显示和结论等步骤。本研究的结果是:1)将阿拉伯语学习的被试确定为两个被试,即通常学习的被试和包容学习的被试。2)阿拉伯语学习采用情境教学策略和合作学习策略,运用语言游戏和图片。3)阿拉伯语教学中的学习问题有:(1)官方学习之外的阿拉伯语补课时间对增进对包容学生的理解的效果较差;(2)包容学生的特点差异较大;(3)包容学生家长的沟通和参与较少。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Difficulties Learning Speaking Skills at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Students Riyadlatul Ulum Batanghari East Lampung 东南榜巴当哈里市利亚得拉图学生口语学习困难的分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-31 DOI: 10.25217/MANTIQUTAYR.V1I1.1294
Masrurotul Mahmudah, A. Halim, M. Syaifullah, Q. IkhwanAziz, Hernisawati Hernisawati
There are several factors that are very influential in language, namely human cleverness in speaking skills, Maharah al-Kalam is the ability to express articulated sounds or words to express thoughts in the form of ideas, opinions, desires, or feelings to the interlocutor. In a broader sense, speaking is a system of signs that can be heard and seen which utilizes a number of muscles and muscle tissues of the human body to convey thoughts in order to fulfill their needs. In general, maharah al-kalam aims to be able to communicate properly and properly with the language they are learning. Moving on from the problem of learning disabilities that have a big impact on learning can certainly harm teachers and students in receiving the material. In learning Arabic, of course, you really need a lot of training to speak and memorize vocabulary so that there are no difficulties in learning Arabic. Students must also be active in learning. After that the student looked difficult when he spoke Arabic and spoke it and the accuracy of Arabic was not good, Apart from memorizing habitual vocabulary by the student, creating a supportive environment for practicing conversation. With a good language environment, speech can also be intertwined well. Regardless, there are many problems in learning to speak at MTs Riyadlatul ulum which make the lack of maximum learning in speaking skills, students' lack of speaking in speaking and speaking habits can also hinder the learning process to speak, unclear pronunciation and tarkibnya arrangement make the speaker and listener make it difficult. The population in this study were students of class VIII MTs Riyadlatul Ulum, using qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews, observation and documentation. In the interview, to find out the problems that students have experienced and to get data about the factors that influence it, in the researchers' observations the researchers looked at the problems that appeared to students when in learning and documentation for evidence of research implementation.
有几个因素对语言有很大的影响,即人类在说话技巧上的聪明,Maharah al-Kalam是表达清晰的声音或单词的能力,以想法、意见、愿望或感受的形式向对话者表达思想。从更广泛的意义上说,说话是一种可以听到和看到的符号系统,它利用人体的许多肌肉和肌肉组织来传达思想,以满足他们的需要。一般来说,maharah al-kalam的目标是能够用他们正在学习的语言进行适当的交流。从对学习有很大影响的学习障碍问题出发,这肯定会损害教师和学生接受材料的能力。当然,在学习阿拉伯语时,你确实需要大量的训练来说话和记忆词汇,这样学习阿拉伯语就没有困难了。学生也必须积极主动地学习。之后,学生在说阿拉伯语和说阿拉伯语的时候看起来很困难,而且阿拉伯语的准确性也不好。除了让学生记住习惯词汇外,创造一个支持对话练习的环境。有了良好的语言环境,言语也可以很好地交织在一起。无论如何,在MTs Riyadlatul的口语学习中存在很多问题,比如在口语技能上缺乏最大限度的学习,学生在口语和口语习惯上的缺乏也会阻碍口语的学习过程,发音不清和tarkibnya的安排让说话者和听者都很困难。本研究的人群为Riyadlatul Ulum八年级的学生,采用定性描述性研究。数据收集是通过访谈、观察和记录的方式进行的。在采访中,为了找出学生所经历的问题,并获得影响它的因素的数据,在研究人员的观察中,研究人员研究了学生在学习和文献中出现的问题,以作为研究实施的证据。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Mantiqu Tayr: Journal of Arabic Language
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