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La imagen deificada de Thánatos, el dios de la Muerte, y su proyección iconográfica en el mundo latino a través del Eros-Thánatos 死神塔那托斯的神化形象,以及他通过厄洛斯-塔那托斯在拉丁世界的肖像投影
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.77625
Herbert González Zymla
Las fuentes escritas sobre Thánatos en la Antigüedad Clásica van más allá de la visión que Hesíodo, Homero y los poetas trágicos materializaron en sus escritos. El presente artículo analiza los testimonios literarios que se conocen acerca de los santuarios donde se daba culto a Thánatos (el oráculo necromante del río Arqueronte y Gadira), las oraciones que a él se dedicaban (el himno Órfico) y las escasas imágenes de culto que de él se conocen (el Thánatos del Museo de Atenas, el del Museo Vaticano y el Grupo de San Ildefonso del Museo del Prado). Se analizan también las fuentes escritas latinas (Séneca, Virgilio, Lucano…) y el problema que supone la asimilación de un sustantivo de género femenino, Mors, con una divinidad de género masculino. Si en la iconografía griega la imagen más consagrada de Thánatos le muestra trasladando el cadáver de Sarpedón junto a su hermano, en la iconografía romana la imagen prototípica es el Eros-Thánatos, vinculado a la antorcha extinguiendo su llama como atributo. El presente artículo profundiza en algunos aspectos concretos de la mentalidad macabra de las élites grecolatinas, que percibían la muerte con un sentido heroico y profundamente aristocrático, bien distinto del punto de vista defendido por los hedonistas, que percibían la muerte como única entidad igualadora de la sociedad.
在古典时期,关于塔那托斯的书面资料超越了赫西奥德、荷马和悲剧诗人在他们的作品中所体现的观点。已知的文学分析证词本条关于邪教的庇护所而关上了门河Thánatos(甲骨文necromante Arqueronte Gadira),祷告和他从事(Órfico国歌)和有限的镜头崇拜他,已知(Thánatos雅典,梵蒂冈博物馆和博物馆Museo del Prado) San Ildefonso小组。本文还分析了拉丁书面资料(seneca, Virgilio, Lucano…),以及将女性名词Mors同化为男性神的问题。在希腊肖像学中,最神圣的塔那托斯将萨庇顿的尸体和他的兄弟一起搬运,而在罗马肖像学中,典型的形象是厄洛斯-塔那托斯,他被绑在火把上熄灭火焰作为属性。这篇文章深入探讨了希腊-拉丁精英的恐怖心态的一些具体方面,他们以一种英雄的、深刻的贵族意识来看待死亡,这与享乐主义者所捍卫的观点截然不同,享乐主义者认为死亡是社会中唯一平等的实体。
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引用次数: 0
Frese, Tobias, Wilfried E. Keil, and Kristina Krüger, eds. Sacred Scripture / Sacred Space. The Interlacing of Real Places and Conceptual Spaces in Medieval Art and Architecture. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019 [ISBN 978-3-11-062913-2] Frese, Tobias, Wilfried E. Keil和Kristina kr<s:1> ger主编。神圣经文/神圣空间。中世纪艺术与建筑中真实场所与概念空间的交织。柏林:De Gruyter, 2019 [ISBN 978-3-11-062913-2]
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.76133
Rodrigo José Fernández Martínez
Reseña de la obra de Frese, Tobias, Wilfried E. Keil, and Kristina Krüger, eds. Sacred Scripture / Sacred Space. The Interlacing of Real Places and Conceptual Spaces in Medieval Art and Architecture. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019 [ISBN 978-3-11-062913-2]
Reseña de la obra de Frese, Tobias, Wilfried E. Keil和Kristina krger主编。神圣经文/神圣空间。中世纪艺术与建筑中真实场所与概念空间的交织。柏林:De Gruyter, 2019 [ISBN 978-3-11-062913-2]
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引用次数: 0
Dancing for the Dead: muu Dancers in Egyptian New Kingdom Scenes 为死者跳舞:埃及新王国场景中的muu舞者
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.78355
Miriam Bueno Guardia
Muu dancers are one of the most common elements in the funerary processions represented in the private Theban tombs of the New Kingdom, especially in the 18th dynasty. This paper aims to analyse the main characteristics of the representation of these male individuals that appear only on private tombs located in different necropolises. It will also try to understand the ritual meaning of these dancers through the attested images, an enigmatic procedure that has been interpreted in different ways by several authors. In addition, the distribution of these scenes both inside and outside the Theban necropolis will be analysed to understand the diffusion of this type of representations during the Egyptian New Kingdom. Thus, firstly I will make a description of the funerary processions painted or engraved on the walls of the private tombs. Secondly, I will describe the muu dancers following Brunner-Traut’s classification and include the representations attested, comparing them to analyse the common features of these male dancers.
Muu舞者是新王国私人底比斯陵墓中最常见的丧葬队伍之一,特别是在第18王朝。本文旨在分析这些男性个体的代表性的主要特征,这些个体只出现在位于不同墓地的私人坟墓上。它还将试图通过证实的图像来理解这些舞者的仪式意义,这是一个神秘的过程,已经被几位作者以不同的方式解释过。此外,这些场景在底比斯墓地内外的分布将被分析,以了解这种类型的表现在埃及新王国期间的扩散。因此,我将首先对绘制或雕刻在私人墓室墙壁上的送葬队伍进行描述。其次,我将按照Brunner-Traut的分类对muu舞者进行描述,包括证明的表征,并对它们进行比较,以分析这些男性舞者的共同特征。
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引用次数: 0
Juguetes de madera o el palimpsesto del árbol: vasos mitopoiéticos en las culturas del Mediterráneo antiguo 木制玩具或树重写本:古地中海文化中的神话花瓶
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.78015
Oriol Vaz-Romero Trueba
Un palimpsesto se refiere a toda obra que ha sido reescrita y que, por ende, expresa una superposición de acontecimientos. El juguete de madera toma cuerpo a partir de la carne del árbol, dotándola de un segundo “acontecer”, no ya natural o biológico sino simbólico. Respaldados por materiales arqueológicos, fuentes iconográficas y literarias, ahondaremos en cómo el artesano —anónimo hacedor alejado de las luminarias de la historia del arte— torna la madera en imagen, haciéndola objeto de comunicación al servicio de los más diversos imaginarios de niños y adultos. Asimismo, nos esforzaremos en vincular la historia de los juguetes de madera con el descubrimiento del torno a pedal en el siglo XII y la introducción de los mecanismos hidráulicos en el siglo XVI, que permitieron liberar las manos del artífice y afinar el acabado de las piezas. Presente en las tumbas infantiles del Egipto copto, esta “escultura mínima” se introdujo en la vida cotidiana de las principales culturas mediterráneas y continentales, sobreviviendo incluso a la actual Aldea Global del plástico. Yoyos y peonzas de madera, animales sobre ruedas y caballitos de palo, muñecas y balancines nos conducirán asimismo por el animismo de los pueblos antiguos, la literatura cristiana, substratos de los cuentos populares modernos.
重写本指的是任何被重写的作品,因此表达了事件的重叠。木制玩具从树上的肉中获得身体,赋予它第二次“发生”,不是自然的或生物的,而是象征性的。在考古材料、肖像和文学来源的支持下,我们将深入研究工匠——远离艺术史上的名人的匿名创造者——如何将木材转化为图像,使其成为为儿童和成人最多样化的想象服务的交流对象。同样,我们将努力将木制玩具的历史与12世纪脚踏车床的发现和16世纪液压机构的引入联系起来,这使得工匠的手得到解放,零件的完成得到了微调。这种“最小的雕塑”出现在科普特埃及的儿童坟墓中,被引入到主要地中海和大陆文化的日常生活中,甚至在今天的塑料地球村幸存下来。在这些作品中,我们可以找到各种各样的主题,从古代到现代,从古代到现代,从古代到现代,从古代到现代,从古代到现代,从古代到现代。
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引用次数: 0
The Moon card of the Tarot deck may reprise an ancient amuletic design against the Evil Eye 塔罗牌中的月亮牌可能重现了对抗邪眼的古老魔法设计
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.77344
L. Graham
This paper proposes a novel source for –or at least influence on– the iconography of the Moon trump in the Rider-Waite Tarot deck, which preserves the design from the Tarot de Marseille. In fact, the Moon template appears to date back to the earliest days of the Tarot. The proposed source or prototype is a Greco-Roman talismanic design against the Evil Eye known as the “all-suffering eye”, which frequently occupies the reverse face of Byzantine copper/ bronze “Holy Rider” amulets. The paper identifies compositional elements that correspond in the Evil Eye and Moon card designs, presents reasons why the moon and the Evil Eye might have been thought of as cognates, and considers other likely inputs into the Moon card’s visual program.
本文提出了一种新颖的来源-或至少影响-月亮王牌在骑士-韦特塔罗牌上的图像,它保留了马赛塔罗牌的设计。事实上,月亮的模板似乎可以追溯到塔罗牌的早期。提议的来源或原型是一个希腊罗马的护身符设计,用于对抗被称为“所有苦难之眼”的邪恶之眼,它经常占据拜占庭铜/青铜“圣骑士”护身符的反面。本文确定了“邪恶之眼”和“邪恶之眼”卡片设计中对应的组成元素,提出了“月亮”和“邪恶之眼”可能被认为是同源的原因,并考虑了“月亮”卡片视觉程序中其他可能的输入。
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引用次数: 0
Reused From Banquet to Grave: Gold Glass, a “Popular” Medium in Late Antiquity? 从宴会到坟墓的重复使用:金玻璃,古代晚期的“流行”媒介?
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.78845
C. Croci
Gold glass bottoms generally found in Roman catacombs, are some of late antiquity’s most enigmatic objects. Originally conceived as vessels, once they were broken, their bases were reemployed to be embedded in the mortar sealing of the slabs of certain loculi. Drawing on the different hypotheses on the origins of the bowls or glasses these bottoms were obtained from, and reflecting on the reasons for and ways of using these glass bottoms to decorate loculi, this paper aims to reassess the position of gold glass in the culture of late antiquity by questioning its pertinence or link to "popular" culture.
金玻璃底通常在罗马地下墓穴中发现,是古代晚期最神秘的物品之一。它们最初被认为是容器,一旦破裂,它们的底座就会被重新利用,嵌入某些房室板的砂浆密封中。根据对获得这些底部的碗或玻璃杯起源的不同假设,并反思使用这些玻璃底部装饰室内的原因和方法,本文旨在通过质疑其与“流行”文化的相关性或联系,重新评估金玻璃在古代晚期文化中的地位。
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引用次数: 0
Illusion and Allegory in the Baroque Art of the Banat: An Introduction 巴纳特巴洛克艺术中的幻觉与寓言:导论
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.76757
Mihaela Vlăsceanu
The present study aims to underline the particularities found in the Banat by means of reinterpreting some of the main creations of Central-European late Baroque, where the illusion of the Habsburg power and allegories of Catholic faith were employed in the unifying artistic discourse. The main methods used range from comparative-historical to iconographic, with a structural-semantic and formal analysis of the works presented as case studies. The epideictic rhetoric of these examples contributes to a better acknowledgement of the role played by art in every society, having in mind that the eighteenth-century artistic phenomenon was synergic with the Central-European evolution and the style was tributary to the late Baroque, one of the many variants with particularities of the so-called “Baroques”.
本研究旨在通过重新解释中欧晚期巴洛克时期的一些主要创作来强调巴纳特的特殊性,在那里,哈布斯堡政权的幻觉和天主教信仰的寓言被用于统一的艺术话语。使用的主要方法范围从比较历史到图像,并以案例研究的形式对作品进行结构-语义和形式分析。这些例子的流行修辞有助于更好地认识艺术在每个社会中所扮演的角色,记住18世纪的艺术现象与中欧的发展是协同作用的,风格是对晚期巴洛克风格的致敬,这是许多变体之一,具有所谓的“巴洛克”的特殊性。
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引用次数: 0
‘A Woman Was Beating a Man Taking Him by the Forelock’: How a Sacred Thing Became a Comical in Ukraine “一个女人正在殴打一个男人,并抓住他的额毛”:一件神圣的事情如何在乌克兰成为一件滑稽的事情
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.76770
Tetiana M. Brovarets
The paper deals with one famous plot on Ukrainian rushnyks. This is about a scene of beating a man by his wife and the appropriate inscription to it “A woman was beating a man taking him by the forelock”. Notwithstanding the fact that nowadays it is mostly perceived as a humorous scene, the meaning of it may vary up to the sacred one. Is it connected with the fact that Ukrainian rushnyks had been regarded as things of particular significance? The author traces the roots of this embroidered plot in popular culture, showing changing of senses according to the context. Oral culture (folk humorous and dancing songs, narratives, sayings), lubok literature and fictions, Ethnographical features of Ukrainian married men and women are taken into consideration. Also, the issue of renewing the old jokes is considered. When the comic scene became irrelevant or not enough humorous, embroideresses combined it with other scenes to make it more ridiculous. The author concludes that absolutely all folk meanings of one and the same plot have right to exist.   
本文讨论了一个著名的关于乌克兰暴徒的阴谋。这是关于一个男人被他的妻子殴打的场景以及合适的题词“一个女人正在殴打一个男人,抓住他的额毛”。尽管现在它主要被认为是一个幽默的场景,但它的意义可能会随着神圣的意义而变化。这是否与乌克兰飞艇被视为特别重要的东西有关?作者在大众文化中追溯了这一刺绣情节的根源,表现出随着语境的变化而产生的感官变化。考虑到口头文化(民间幽默和舞蹈歌曲、叙事、谚语)、卢布克文学和小说、乌克兰已婚男女的民族志特征。此外,还考虑了更新老笑话的问题。当喜剧场景变得无关紧要或不够幽默时,刺绣师将其与其他场景结合起来,使其更加滑稽。作者认为,同一情节的所有民间意义绝对都有存在的权利。
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引用次数: 0
In the Guise of the Popular: the Deceptive Image of the Asàrotos Òikos Mosaics 在大众的伪装下:Asàrotos Òikos马赛克的欺骗性形象
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.77366
Ehud Fathy
The Roman asàrotos òikos (“Unswept Floor/Room”) mosaics, which were discovered in Italy and in Tunisia, and date from the end of the first to the sixth century AD, showcase a seemingly popular theme: scraps of food that had fallen (or were thrown) under the table during the banquet, colourfully displayed, appealing and appetising to the eyes. These mosaics are, in fact, Roman variations on a famous prototype created by Sosus in Hellenistic Pergamon, which was never discovered. The Roman mosaics reveal a unique tension between the display of impersonal, mundane reality in an illusory manner and the use of irony and disguised symbolism. The depiction of everyday life and elements that carry various symbolic meanings in trompe-l’œil prompts an interpretive reading of the artwork. The use of visual deception not only forms the ground for contemplative thought, but also enriches the reading by adding more layers of veiled meanings that need to be recognised and decoded by the viewers. This particular combination of aesthetics and iconography forms complex allegorical content. This article focuses on the asàrotos òikos mosaics which were discovered in Italy, and their particular combination of a popular theme, symbolism and illusionism.
在意大利和突尼斯发现的罗马asàrotos òikos(“未扫过的地板/房间”)马赛克,可以追溯到公元一世纪末到六世纪,展示了一个看似流行的主题:宴会期间掉在桌子下面(或被扔在桌子下面)的食物碎片,色彩缤纷,吸引人,令人垂涎。事实上,这些马赛克是由索苏斯在希腊化的佩加蒙创作的著名原型的罗马变体,而这个原型从未被发现过。罗马马赛克揭示了一种独特的张力,在以一种虚幻的方式展示非个人的、世俗的现实与使用讽刺和伪装的象征主义之间。对日常生活的描绘和在“错视œil”中携带各种象征意义的元素促使对艺术品的解释性阅读。视觉欺骗的使用不仅形成了沉思思考的基础,而且通过增加更多需要被观众识别和解码的隐含意义来丰富阅读。这种美学和图像学的特殊结合形成了复杂的寓言内容。本文重点介绍了在意大利发现的asàrotos òikos马赛克,以及它们独特的流行主题,象征主义和幻觉主义的结合。
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引用次数: 1
Bayón Fernando y Jaime Cuenca, eds. Públicos en transformación. Una visión interdisciplinar de las funciones, experiencias y espacios del público actual de los museos. Madrid: Editorial Dykinson, 2020 [ISBN: 978-84-1324-533-1] bayon Fernando和Jaime Cuenca编。转型中的公众。对当前博物馆公众的功能、体验和空间的跨学科视角。马德里:编辑Dykinson, 2020 [ISBN: 978-84-1324-533-1]
IF 0.1 0 ART Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.5209/eiko.78011
Iñigo Ayala Aizpuru
Reseña de la obra de Bayón, Fernando y Jaime Cuenca, eds. Públicos en transformación. Una visión interdisciplinar de las funciones, experiencias y espacios del público actual de los museos. Madrid: Editorial Dykinson, 2020 [ISBN: 978-84-1324-533-1]
回顾bayon,费尔南多和杰米·昆卡编。转型中的公众。对当前博物馆公众的功能、体验和空间的跨学科视角。马德里:编辑Dykinson, 2020 [ISBN: 978-84-1324-533-1]
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引用次数: 0
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Eikon Imago
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