Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.2.4
Lucie Jiránková Luca Cilibrasi, L. Cilibrasi
The present study investigates the production of novel morphologically inflected forms in secondlanguage learners of English with Czech as L1. The study attempts to investigate which production model (singleor dual-route) best accounts for L2 learners’ morphological productivity when forming regular past forms of novel words. Additionally, it explores the possible interference effects of L1. 88 English L2 learners and 9 native speakers heard sentences in which a new activity was described with a novel word (The baby likes to dize. Look, there it is dizing. Everyday it dizes.) and past-tense forms were elicited (So yesterday it...). The results revealed that for native speakers the likelihood of a verb being produced in a regular past-tense form was inversely related to its phonological similarity to existing irregular verbs (replicating previous studies). L2 speakers showed a development in this direction: While for the A1 to B1 participants similarity to existing irregulars did not matter, B2 and C1 participants appeared to be sensitive to these similarities and behaved comparably to native speakers. In addition to the form analysis, the reaction-times results showed that the lowest language levels used their L1 as a performance facilitator (with slower performance with novel words that do not respect the phonology of the participants’ L1), while proficient learners and native speakers were not sensitive to this property of the novel words. The results suggest that the L2 acquisition of the English past-tense is characterized by a development from the mastery of mechanistic rules to the refinement of their application based on analogical patterns extracted from existing verbs, with Czech promoting the production at the earliest proficiency stages.
本研究调查了以捷克语为母语的英语第二语言学习者的新词形变形的产生。本研究试图探讨哪种生成模式(单路径或双路径)最能解释二语学习者在形成新单词的规则过去式时的形态生产力。此外，本文还探讨了L1可能的干扰效应。88名英语第二语言学习者和9名母语人士听到了用一个新单词描述新活动的句子(婴儿喜欢量词)。看，它在那儿变大了。Everyday it dizes.)和过去式引出(So yesterday it…)。结果表明，对于以英语为母语的人来说，一个动词以规则的过去时形式出现的可能性与它与现有不规则动词的语音相似性成反比(重复了之前的研究)。第二语言的参与者表现出了这一方向的发展:对于A1到B1的参与者来说，与现有规则的相似性并不重要，而B2和C1的参与者似乎对这些相似性很敏感，并表现得与母语者相当。除了形式分析外，反应时间结果显示，语言水平最低的人使用他们的母语作为表现促进因素(在处理不尊重参与者的母语语音的新单词时表现较慢)，而熟练的学习者和母语人士对新单词的这一特性并不敏感。结果表明，英语过去时的二语习得具有从机械规则的掌握到基于从现有动词中提取的类比模式来完善其应用的发展过程，其中捷克语促进了最早熟练阶段的产生。
{"title":"Second-language acquisition of the English past-tense: from rules to analogy","authors":"Lucie Jiránková Luca Cilibrasi, L. Cilibrasi","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the production of novel morphologically inflected forms in secondlanguage learners of English with Czech as L1. The study attempts to investigate which production model (singleor dual-route) best accounts for L2 learners’ morphological productivity when forming regular past forms of novel words. Additionally, it explores the possible interference effects of L1. 88 English L2 learners and 9 native speakers heard sentences in which a new activity was described with a novel word (The baby likes to dize. Look, there it is dizing. Everyday it dizes.) and past-tense forms were elicited (So yesterday it...). The results revealed that for native speakers the likelihood of a verb being produced in a regular past-tense form was inversely related to its phonological similarity to existing irregular verbs (replicating previous studies). L2 speakers showed a development in this direction: While for the A1 to B1 participants similarity to existing irregulars did not matter, B2 and C1 participants appeared to be sensitive to these similarities and behaved comparably to native speakers. In addition to the form analysis, the reaction-times results showed that the lowest language levels used their L1 as a performance facilitator (with slower performance with novel words that do not respect the phonology of the participants’ L1), while proficient learners and native speakers were not sensitive to this property of the novel words. The results suggest that the L2 acquisition of the English past-tense is characterized by a development from the mastery of mechanistic rules to the refinement of their application based on analogical patterns extracted from existing verbs, with Czech promoting the production at the earliest proficiency stages.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48972732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.2.5
Letizia D'Andrea
{"title":"Las construcciones con verbo soporte desde una perspectiva plurilingüe: un análisis contrastivo entre español, italiano, francés, inglés y alemán","authors":"Letizia D'Andrea","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44800626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.2.1
Louise Esher
The preterite (reflex of Latin perfect indicative) undergoes extensive analogical remodelling in the history of Occitan varieties. The substance of the individual changes (introduction of a rhotic consonant, loss of stress alternation, generalisation of a thematic mid vowel, spread of velar-final stems) can be discerned by comparing mediaeval and modern inflectional forms; for both periods, inflectional forms exhibit a high degree of consistency across geographic areas. In order to date the changes, this study examines preterite forms attested in historical documents produced from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century in two regions within the Languedoc dialect area (Albigeois/ Quercy/Rouergue; Montpellier/Béziers). The consistency of the dates obtained supports the hypothesis of a shared sequence of changes applying to all varieties.
{"title":"La diachronie du prétérit occitan à la lumière des sources textuelles","authors":"Louise Esher","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The preterite (reflex of Latin perfect indicative) undergoes extensive analogical remodelling in the history of Occitan varieties. The substance of the individual changes (introduction of a rhotic consonant, loss of stress alternation, generalisation of a thematic mid vowel, spread of velar-final stems) can be discerned by comparing mediaeval and modern inflectional forms; for both periods, inflectional forms exhibit a high degree of consistency across geographic areas. In order to date the changes, this study examines preterite forms attested in historical documents produced from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century in two regions within the Languedoc dialect area (Albigeois/ Quercy/Rouergue; Montpellier/Béziers). The consistency of the dates obtained supports the hypothesis of a shared sequence of changes applying to all varieties.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.2.3
Chloe Castle
This paper identifies causes of grammatical borrowing and related grammatical phenomena in L1 English L2 Czech immigrant speech. This study contributes to the literature on causes of grammatical borrowing and considers key ideas including social pressure (Thomason and Kaufman 1988), cognitive pressure (Matras 1998; Sanchez 2005) and gap filling (Campbell 1993). Thirteen semistructured interviews were conducted. Participants were affected by social pressure and cognitive pressure surrounding their language use, whether it acted as a driving or inhibiting factor in terms of grammatical borrowing. Participants also engage in borrowing akin to “language play” (Porte 2003: 116) with those close to them; it is a conscious choice to borrow in these cases and it usually represents matter (MAT) (Matras and Sakel 2007) borrowing (Castle 2021a). This paper proposes a new model which considers both conscious and subconscious borrowing whilst also considering factors inhibiting the possibility of borrowing.
{"title":"L1 English speakers in Prague: motivators in language use and language borrowing","authors":"Chloe Castle","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies causes of grammatical borrowing and related grammatical phenomena in L1 English L2 Czech immigrant speech. This study contributes to the literature on causes of grammatical borrowing and considers key ideas including social pressure (Thomason and Kaufman 1988), cognitive pressure (Matras 1998; Sanchez 2005) and gap filling (Campbell 1993). Thirteen semistructured interviews were conducted. Participants were affected by social pressure and cognitive pressure surrounding their language use, whether it acted as a driving or inhibiting factor in terms of grammatical borrowing. Participants also engage in borrowing akin to “language play” (Porte 2003: 116) with those close to them; it is a conscious choice to borrow in these cases and it usually represents matter (MAT) (Matras and Sakel 2007) borrowing (Castle 2021a). This paper proposes a new model which considers both conscious and subconscious borrowing whilst also considering factors inhibiting the possibility of borrowing.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45284546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.1.3
Mirjana Matea Kovač
Speech rate as an indicator of perceived fluency in German as foreign language The aim of this article is to evaluate perceived fluency, which according to research results refers to the impression of the listener that the psycholinguistic processes of language planning and language production work smoothly and efficiently, i.e. that these two processes can be performed by speakers almost simultaneously. The speech rate, as a predictor of perceived fluency, relates to measurable speed of spoken language and is identified as the number of syllables per unit time. A group of 14 students of German (L2) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Split took part in this study. The results of the analysis show that the speech rate in the prepared speech is approximately nine percent higher than in the unprepared speech. Based on the data, there is a significant difference between the assessments of perceived fluency, i.e. the notes for the prepared speech are significantly higher compared to the unprepared speech. The results obtained could be explained by the priming effect and, consequently, the reduced cognitive load. The conclusions of this study are comparable to previous studies, in which the speech rate is mentioned as one of the most important predictors of perceived fluency.
{"title":"Sprechgeschwindigkeit als Indikator der perzipierten Sprechflüssigkeit in Deutsch als Fremdsprache","authors":"Mirjana Matea Kovač","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Speech rate as an indicator of perceived fluency in German as foreign language The aim of this article is to evaluate perceived fluency, which according to research results refers to the impression of the listener that the psycholinguistic processes of language planning and language production work smoothly and efficiently, i.e. that these two processes can be performed by speakers almost simultaneously. The speech rate, as a predictor of perceived fluency, relates to measurable speed of spoken language and is identified as the number of syllables per unit time. A group of 14 students of German (L2) at the Faculty of Philosophy in Split took part in this study. The results of the analysis show that the speech rate in the prepared speech is approximately nine percent higher than in the unprepared speech. Based on the data, there is a significant difference between the assessments of perceived fluency, i.e. the notes for the prepared speech are significantly higher compared to the unprepared speech. The results obtained could be explained by the priming effect and, consequently, the reduced cognitive load. The conclusions of this study are comparable to previous studies, in which the speech rate is mentioned as one of the most important predictors of perceived fluency.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"31 1","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44565005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.1.2
Libuše Spáčilová
{"title":"Die Sprache der Olmützer Gerichtsordnung von Heinrich Polan aus dem Jahre 1550. Eine phonographematische Untersuchung","authors":"Libuše Spáčilová","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.1.5
O. Tichý, Zora Obstová, A. Klégr
The paper describes the intermediate stage of a lexicographical project, whose aim is to digitize and align two Czech onomasiological dictionaries (Haller 1969–77; Klégr 2007) in order to create an integrated digital multi-purpose lexico-semantic database of Czech. The two dictionaries are based on different categorization systems (Hallig and von Wartburg; Roget) and use different formats. Their content only partially overlaps, making them largely complementary. Their linkage is planned to be achieved through their structural elements (categories of their hierarchies) rather than by matching individual headwords. The four phases of the project are digitization, encoding, programming and testing. The digitization of both dictionaries and the encoding of one of them have been completed, and the preliminary steps in programming the platform are underway.
{"title":"A lexico-semantic database of Czech. An interim report","authors":"O. Tichý, Zora Obstová, A. Klégr","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the intermediate stage of a lexicographical project, whose aim is to digitize and align two Czech onomasiological dictionaries (Haller 1969–77; Klégr 2007) in order to create an integrated digital multi-purpose lexico-semantic database of Czech. The two dictionaries are based on different categorization systems (Hallig and von Wartburg; Roget) and use different formats. Their content only partially overlaps, making them largely complementary. Their linkage is planned to be achieved through their structural elements (categories of their hierarchies) rather than by matching individual headwords. The four phases of the project are digitization, encoding, programming and testing. The digitization of both dictionaries and the encoding of one of them have been completed, and the preliminary steps in programming the platform are underway.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"31 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44444792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2021.1.4
M. Micheli, Tetiana Solska
The realization of plosives in the national varieties of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland The present paper deals with the synchronic variation of plosive phonemes in the national varieties of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Our research task was to describe the full range of modifications of the plosives in the national varieties under investigation and to determine two conditional factors: 1) which modifications are due to positional and combinatorial conditions of sound realization; 2) which modifications can be taken to be typical of these national varieties of German. The data collected are based on the acoustic analysis of reproductive speech (a reading of a word list and short stories by Leonhard Thoma) of 12 German teachers (4 for each national variety) from Northern Germany, from the Vienna area and from the cantons of Aargau and Lucerne. Our results showed that national-specific modifications of the plosive phonemes are the frequent loss of tone by the lax plosives [b̥], [d̥], [g̊] in the speech of the German Swiss and Austrians, and a weakening until the complete loss of aspiration by the plosives [p] and [t] in the speech of Austrians.
{"title":"Die Realisierung der Plosive in den Nationalvarietäten des Deutschen in Deutschland, Österreich und in der Schweiz","authors":"M. Micheli, Tetiana Solska","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2021.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2021.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The realization of plosives in the national varieties of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland The present paper deals with the synchronic variation of plosive phonemes in the national varieties of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Our research task was to describe the full range of modifications of the plosives in the national varieties under investigation and to determine two conditional factors: 1) which modifications are due to positional and combinatorial conditions of sound realization; 2) which modifications can be taken to be typical of these national varieties of German. The data collected are based on the acoustic analysis of reproductive speech (a reading of a word list and short stories by Leonhard Thoma) of 12 German teachers (4 for each national variety) from Northern Germany, from the Vienna area and from the cantons of Aargau and Lucerne. Our results showed that national-specific modifications of the plosive phonemes are the frequent loss of tone by the lax plosives [b̥], [d̥], [g̊] in the speech of the German Swiss and Austrians, and a weakening until the complete loss of aspiration by the plosives [p] and [t] in the speech of Austrians.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"31 1","pages":"74-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46328951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2020.2.6
Tomáš Duběda
{"title":"Traducteur natif ou non natif ? La directionnalité de la traduction et sa perception","authors":"Tomáš Duběda","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2020.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2020.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42568308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-09DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2020.2.5
Begoña Crespo, Yazmín Mayela Carrizales Guerra
{"title":"There are differences between scientific and non-scientific English indeed: a case study","authors":"Begoña Crespo, Yazmín Mayela Carrizales Guerra","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2020.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2020.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44244977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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