Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2019.1.3
Valentina Vivaldi, Juan Pablo Larreta Zulategui
Routine formulas are significant linguistic phenomena in the areas of foreign language teaching and bilingual lexicography. Nevertheless, few contrastive works of these units exist for the GermanSpanish language pair. The aim of this paper is a pragmalinguistic contrastive analysis of ‘wishing formulas’. The main criterion of contrasting is the pragmatic value of the units, i.e. the speech acts that can be performed through them, as well as the situational and sociolinguistic features of the formulas and the productivity of certain syntactic-lexical patterns in German and Spanish. Equivalences and differences between groups of formulas as well as between the individual units of both languages are identified.
{"title":"Die Wunschformeln: eine kontrastive Analyse zwischen Standardspanischem und -deutschem","authors":"Valentina Vivaldi, Juan Pablo Larreta Zulategui","doi":"10.14712/18059635.2019.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/18059635.2019.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Routine formulas are significant linguistic phenomena in the areas of foreign language teaching and bilingual lexicography. Nevertheless, few contrastive works of these units exist for the GermanSpanish language pair. The aim of this paper is a pragmalinguistic contrastive analysis of ‘wishing formulas’. The main criterion of contrasting is the pragmatic value of the units, i.e. the speech acts that can be performed through them, as well as the situational and sociolinguistic features of the formulas and the productivity of certain syntactic-lexical patterns in German and Spanish. Equivalences and differences between groups of formulas as well as between the individual units of both languages are identified.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47851351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-10DOI: 10.14712/18059635.2019.1.1
Jarosław Wiliński
This paper employs the background assumptions of usage-based Construction Grammar (Goldberg 1995, 2006, 2013), Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1982), and a quantitative corpus-driven method for investigating the reciprocal interaction between lexical items occurring in two different slots of a grammatical construction. The method, referred to as co-varying collexeme analysis (Stefanowitsch and Gries 2005; Stefanowitsch 2013; Hilpert 2014), is applied to the determination of strongly attracted and repelled pairs of adjectives and verbs occurring in the extraposition construction with to -infinitive clauses in American English. Using the data extracted from the academic sub-corpus of COCA, the author seeks to indicate that some pairs of adjectives and verbs co-occur significantly more frequently than expected in the it is ADJ to V- construction. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the co-variation of collexemes in two different slots of the same construction seem to suggest that such strong correlations between these slots can be determined by frame-semantic knowledge and/or discourse-functional properties of the construction under study.
本文采用了基于使用的结构语法（Goldberg 1995、2006、2013）、框架语义学（Fillmore 1982）的背景假设，以及一种定量语料库驱动的方法来研究语法结构的两个不同时段中词汇项之间的相互作用。该方法被称为共变collexeme分析（Stefanowitsch和Gries 2005；Stefanowitz sch 2013；Hilpert 2014），用于确定美国英语中to-不定式从句的外推结构中出现的强烈吸引和排斥的形容词和动词对。利用从COCA的学术子语料库中提取的数据，作者试图表明，在it is ADJ to V结构中，一些形容词和动词对的共同出现频率明显高于预期。此外，对同一结构的两个不同时段中collexemes的共同变异的分析结果似乎表明，这些时段之间的强相关性可以由所研究结构的框架语义知识和/或话语功能特性决定。
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Pub Date : 2012-04-06DOI: 10.2478/V10017-012-0001-X
Martin T. Adam
The present paper looks at the role of the English verb operating in Presentation Scale sentences within fiction narrative from the point of view of both dynamic and static semantics. It is a part of a corpus-based research in the area of the sentences implementing the so-called Presentation Scale (Firbas, 1992; Svoboda, 2006), which is predominantly focused on the occurrence and the syntactic-semantic typology of Presentation sentences within narratives and the semantic as well as syntactic character of the English Presentation verb. It examines the most frequent structure that is capable of presenting a new phenomenon on the scene, viz, the existential construction. For the purpose of analysis, C. S. Lewis' The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is used. Special attention is paid to the syntactic semantic character of the Pr-verbs that operate in the existential construction there + other verb than be.
{"title":"Existential there-construction as a means of presentation in narrative (a corpus-based syntactic-semantic analysis)","authors":"Martin T. Adam","doi":"10.2478/V10017-012-0001-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10017-012-0001-X","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper looks at the role of the English verb\u0000operating in Presentation Scale sentences within fiction\u0000narrative from the point of view of both dynamic and static\u0000semantics. It is a part of a corpus-based research in the area\u0000of the sentences implementing the so-called Presentation Scale\u0000(Firbas, 1992; Svoboda, 2006), which is predominantly focused\u0000on the occurrence and the syntactic-semantic typology of\u0000Presentation sentences within narratives and the semantic as\u0000well as syntactic character of the English Presentation verb.\u0000It examines the most frequent structure that is capable of\u0000presenting a new phenomenon on the scene, viz, the existential\u0000construction. For the purpose of analysis, C. S. Lewis' The\u0000Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is\u0000used. Special attention is paid to the syntactic semantic\u0000character of the Pr-verbs that operate in the existential\u0000construction there + other verb than be.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68929199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-29DOI: 10.2478/V10017-012-0005-6
E. Hajicová
Eva Hajicova: ON SCALARITY IN INFORMATION STRUCTURE In the present paper, different scales discussed in the relevant linguistic literature are characterized and compared, first of all those that are related in some way or another to the information structure of the sentence. We then introduce our scale based on a partial ordering of mental images in the stock of knowledge assumed by the speaker to be shared by him and the hearer during the discourse. This hierarchy has a cognitive background but is reflected in the structure of the sentence, be it its information structure, or the types of referring expressions. The activation scale and its impact is then illustrated on a segment of parallel English and Czech text.
Eva Hajicova:论信息结构的尺度性本文对相关语言学文献中讨论的不同尺度进行了表征和比较，首先是那些以某种方式与句子的信息结构相关的尺度。然后，我们根据讲话者和听话者在演讲过程中共享的知识储备中所假定的心理图像的部分排序来引入我们的量表。这种层次结构有其认知背景，但反映在句子的结构上，无论是信息结构，还是指称表达的类型。然后用英语和捷克语的一段平行文本说明激活量表及其影响。
{"title":"On scalarity in information structure","authors":"E. Hajicová","doi":"10.2478/V10017-012-0005-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10017-012-0005-6","url":null,"abstract":"Eva Hajicova: ON SCALARITY IN INFORMATION STRUCTURE\u0000In the present paper, different scales discussed in the relevant linguistic literature are characterized and compared, first of all those that are related in some way or another to the information structure of the sentence. We then introduce our scale based on a partial ordering of mental images in the stock of knowledge assumed by the speaker to be shared by him and the hearer during the discourse. This hierarchy has a cognitive background but is reflected in the structure of the sentence, be it its information structure, or the types of referring expressions. The activation scale and its impact is then illustrated on a segment of parallel English and Czech text.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"11 1","pages":"60-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68929243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-29DOI: 10.2478/V10017-012-0007-4
Naděžda Stašková
Naděžda Staskova: ENGLISH BACK-FORMATION IN THE 20th AND THE EARLY 21st CENTURIES The subject of the present study is a description and analysis of English back-formation in the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. Investigation of an overall sample of 768 back-formed items has resulted in the following findings: Productivity of back-formation remains on the same level as it was in the first half of the 20th century. The most productive process is formation of verbs from action nouns. Back-formation of verbs from agent nouns has decreased, formation of verbs from adjectives almost disappeared. Adjectives can be seen as a minor source of back-formed nouns. There is a growth in involvement of compounds in this process. The most frequent subtracted suffixes are -ing, -ion/-ation and -er, all of them being involved in the formation of verbs. Stylistically unmarked items prevail, but they are often limited in use. Prefix back-formations continue to be formed. Inflectional back-formations seem to be on the decline. The class of adjectives back-formed from agent nouns is a new type that might continue in occurrence. From the analysis of the material investigated, the following main conclusion has been made: Back-formation can be considered a transparent, analysable and productive word-formation process, which has an indisputable potential for generating new words in the future.
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Pub Date : 2012-01-29DOI: 10.2478/V10017-012-0006-5
M. Martinkovả
Michaela Martinkova: SUBJECT-OPERATOR INVERSION AFTER SENTENCE-INITIAL ONLY SEEN THROUGH ITS CZECH EQUIVALENTS The paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of English sentences with subjectoperator inversion after sentence-initial only through their Czech equivalents in a parallel translation corpus of English and Czech (InterCorp). Though the number of relevant tokens found in a parallel translation corpus is inevitably low and the Czech equivalents can hardly account for all tokens of the absence of S-O inversion after sentence-initial only focusing fronted adverbials, they nonetheless bring interesting evidence about the function of only in these sentences and about the scope of only as a restrictive focusing modifier. The contrastive analysis also sheds new light on two Czech temporal particles teprve [not until] and jestě [still] and opens areas for future research on monolingual corpora of both English and Czech.
{"title":"Subject-operator inversion after sentence-initial only seen through its Czech equivalents","authors":"M. Martinkovả","doi":"10.2478/V10017-012-0006-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10017-012-0006-5","url":null,"abstract":"Michaela Martinkova: SUBJECT-OPERATOR INVERSION AFTER SENTENCE-INITIAL\u0000ONLY SEEN THROUGH ITS CZECH EQUIVALENTS\u0000The paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of English sentences with subjectoperator inversion after sentence-initial only through their Czech equivalents in a parallel translation corpus of English and Czech (InterCorp). Though the number of relevant tokens found in a parallel translation corpus is inevitably low and the Czech equivalents can hardly account for all tokens of the absence of S-O inversion after sentence-initial only focusing fronted adverbials, they nonetheless bring interesting evidence about the function of only in these sentences and about the scope of only as a restrictive focusing modifier. The contrastive analysis also sheds new light on two Czech temporal particles teprve [not until] and jestě [still] and opens areas for future research on monolingual corpora of both English\u0000and Czech.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"22 1","pages":"79-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/V10017-012-0006-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68929294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.2478/V10017-012-0003-8
Markéta Hončová
Marketa Honcova: COLLECTION OF LINGUISTIC DATA This paper briefly reviews the first major project in dialect geography, namely Georg Wenker's first attempt at a survey in 1876. It examines common issues dealt with by modern fieldworkers in preparations for interviews with a group of carefully selected dialect speakers, such as the establishing of socio-psychological factors (age, place of birth, education) which determine linguistic behaviour. It recalls the elicitation techniques, the roles of participants in situated speeches and the preparation of a questionnaire. The theory is mostly based on guidelines provided by the fieldworkers' handbook Costruendo i dati (D'Agostino – Paternostro, 2006) and it has been modified for, and by, various field researches carried out in Corropoli and Nereto (province of Teramo, Abruzzo).
本文简要回顾了方言地理学的第一个重大项目，即格奥尔格·温克(Georg Wenker)在1876年的第一次调查尝试。它考察了现代实地工作者在准备采访一群精心挑选的方言使用者时所处理的共同问题，例如确定决定语言行为的社会心理因素(年龄、出生地、教育程度)。它回顾了引出技巧，参与者在情境演讲中的角色和问卷的编写。该理论主要基于实地工作者手册《Costruendo i dati》(D' agostino - Paternostro, 2006)提供的指导方针，并根据在科洛波利和涅里托(阿布鲁佐泰拉莫省)进行的各种实地研究对其进行了修改。
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Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.2478/V10017-012-0002-9
Jan Lazar
Jan Lazar: PHONETICIZING NEOGRAPHY IN FRENCH CHATS This article is focused on new forms of written communication, mainly computer-mediated communication. The main aim of this article is a detailed analysis of specific forms of written communication which exist in French chats. Special attention is given to phoneticizing neography which intends to adapt the written form of the word to its oral form. This is done to depict the conversational aspect of the communicative environment. After a short theoretical presentation, the article shows the frequency of techniques that the phoneticizing neography uses to « oralize » the written forms of computer-mediated communication. A huge richness of the phoneticizing neography is illustrated by concrete examples taken from our corpus.
{"title":"QUELQUES OBSERVATIONS SUR LES NÉOGRAPHIES PHONÉTISANTES EN FRANÇAIS TCHATÉ","authors":"Jan Lazar","doi":"10.2478/V10017-012-0002-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10017-012-0002-9","url":null,"abstract":"Jan Lazar: PHONETICIZING NEOGRAPHY IN FRENCH CHATS This article is focused on new forms of written communication, mainly computer-mediated communication. The main aim of this article is a detailed analysis of specific forms of written communication which exist in French chats. Special attention is given to phoneticizing neography which intends to adapt the written form of the word to its oral form. This is done to depict the conversational aspect of the communicative environment. After a short theoretical presentation, the article shows the frequency of techniques that the phoneticizing neography uses to « oralize » the written forms of computer-mediated communication. A huge richness of the phoneticizing neography is illustrated by concrete examples taken from our corpus.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"22 1","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68929213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.2478/V10017-011-0004-Z
Zora Jačová
The article points out the importance of the turnabout of the 90s in Italy, in connection with political language. Particularly it stresses the formation of a new language inventory aimed at the creation of a more accessible and colloquial form of verbal communication. In this innovative process the most important role was played by television. Special emphasis is put on the fact that the crucial role in this complex innovative language process (linked with the most recent civilization trends) that overreaches the sphere of language and directly involves the domain of media communication and communication science, was played by the Italian Prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.
{"title":"Political Language in the Second Italian Republic","authors":"Zora Jačová","doi":"10.2478/V10017-011-0004-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10017-011-0004-Z","url":null,"abstract":"The article points out the importance of the turnabout of the 90s in Italy, in connection with political language. Particularly it stresses the formation of a new language inventory aimed at the creation of a more accessible and colloquial form of verbal communication. In this innovative process the most important role was played by television. Special emphasis is put on the fact that the crucial role in this complex innovative language process (linked with the most recent civilization trends) that overreaches the sphere of language and directly involves the domain of media communication and communication science, was played by the Italian Prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.","PeriodicalId":40638,"journal":{"name":"Linguistica Pragensia","volume":"21 1","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/V10017-011-0004-Z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68929124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.2478/V10017-011-0007-9
M. Valeš
The variety spoken in Granada (Spain) presents singular features developed due to the late conquest of this territory and also due to the expansion of the city during the second half of the 20th century. The paper deals with the prestige of particular variants, which are typical of the variety of Granada, because this information is important in respect of their evolution process. The study pays particular attention to the relation between the two forms of imperfect subjunctive cantara/cantase and various phonetic phenomena that can be observed in this city. The hypothesis builds on the assumption that the speakers who alternate the two forms of imperfect subjunctive are more conscious of the prestigious forms and for this reason they also use the prestigious variants on the phonetic level.
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